Aug 25, 2025
Aarushi BhaduryMany preemies have a condition called respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) because their lungs are not fully developed. This can be treated with special breathing machines and medicine that helps their lungs work better.
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Some babies need oxygen for weeks or months, a condition called bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). While many babies outgrow this, some may have longer-term lung issues.
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It’s common for a preemie to have short pauses in breathing, a condition called apnea. This is often treated with medicine (like caffeine), oxygen, or breathing support.
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A condition called retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) can affect how a baby's eyes develop. Most of the time, it gets better on its own, but in some cases, it needs treatment with laser surgery or injections to prevent vision loss.
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Tiny, fragile blood vessels in a preemie’s brain can easily break, causing bleeding. This is called intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). Mild cases usually don't cause problems, but severe cases can lead to brain injury.
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Sometimes, after bleeding in the brain, fluid can build up, a condition called hydrocephalus. A surgeon may need to place a small tube to drain this fluid and prevent pressure on the brain.
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Babies who were born very early or had bleeding in the brain are at a higher risk for cerebral palsy (CP), a condition that affects movement. Early physical therapy can help improve a baby’s abilities.
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Preemies have weak immune systems, which makes them more likely to get infections. Doctors often check for sepsis (a serious infection) and give antibiotics if needed.
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A serious disease called necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) can affect a baby's intestines. Treatment often involves stopping feedings and giving antibiotics, but sometimes surgery is needed.
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Jaundice happens when a substance called bilirubin builds up in the blood. It’s treated by placing the baby under special lights, which helps their body get rid of the extra bilirubin.
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