Parkinson's disease (PD) has been a widely known debilitative neurodegenerative condition affecting millions of people worldwide. While it's often mistakenly assumed to be a fatal illness, Parkinson's disease isn't fatal per se, it rather significantly impairs an individual's quality of life and exposes one to increased risk of developing complications that potentially lead to death.

Parkinson's disease develops when a part of the brain that is in charge of creating dopamine starts to break down. Dopamine is necessary for controlling movement and coordination. When these neurons are lost, characteristic symptoms like tremors, stiffness, slowness of movement, balance problems, and eventually mental and emotional changes develop. These symptoms can worsen over time and disrupt daily life.

Importantly, Parkinson's itself is not a death sentence. Rather, patients tend to experience an increased risk of complications—such as infections, pneumonia, or serious injuries from falls—that are lethal. Falls are among the top causes of Parkinson's-related fatalities, especially in advanced stages of the disease, the American Parkinson Disease Association reports.

Access to current medication, early diagnosis, successful therapy, and a network of supportive care can enable people with Parkinson's to live long and satisfied lives.

How Stem Cell Therapy Can Help Slow down Disease progression?

A recent phase 1 clinical trial published in Nature represents a breakthrough in the treatment of Parkinson's. The research, which took place at several sites in the US and Canada, employed stem cell–derived dopamine-producing neurons to attack the cause of Parkinson's—dopamine depletion.

Conceived in Dr. Lorenz Studer's and Dr. Viviane Tabar's laboratory at Memorial Sloan Kettering, the therapy works by reprogramming embryonic stem cells to become specialized nerve cells. Those cultured cells, or bemdaneprocel, are inserted into the Parkinson's patients' brains. Implanted, they start producing dopamine, which revitalizes some of the lost ability of the brain.

Twelve patients underwent this novel therapy, and at the end of 18 months, the outcomes were encouraging- the cells implanted had taken well within the brain.

No one reported severe side effects.

A few patients even evidenced stabilization or improvement of their symptoms.

This is an outstanding result given the failures of past attempts to replace damaged brain cells—such as fetal tissue implants in the 1980s—often resulted in inconsistent benefits and problematic side effects like dyskinesia (spontaneous movement).

With the promising phase 1 results, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved a phase 3 trial, which will start in 2025. The trial will involve around 100 patients and a control group that will receive a placebo, so that researchers can more accurately measure the actual effectiveness of the treatment.

One of the trial's lead investigators, Dr. Tabar, was quick to point out the wider implications of the study:

"This is a significant milestone on the journey toward regenerative brain repair. It may sound strange for a cancer center to be working on regenerative medicine for a neurodegenerative disease, but if we can learn how to replace cells that are lost due to disease in the brain and restore circuitry, we can apply it to other therapies—and eventually cancer patients will be the beneficiaries."

Five Stages of Parkinson's

Parkinson's disease is normally outlined in five stages, which describe a series of worsening symptoms:

Stage 1: Minimal symptoms with minimal to no interference with day-to-day activities. Early signs and symptoms are tremors, minimal posture changes, or slight movement abnormalities.

Stage 2: Moderate symptoms become more apparent and can start to impact everyday activities, such as speech and muscle coordination.

Stage 3: Balance and movement issues escalate. Falls are more common, although people still maintain independence.

Stage 4: Symptoms are severely restrictive, and patients frequently need help with simple tasks. The risk of injury from falls significantly increases.

Stage 5: The most advanced stage, characterized by an inability to walk or stand without support. Full-time care is needed, and patients are increasingly at risk of hallucinations, delusions, and infections that can be life-threatening.

Even with the progression of the disease, numerous individuals with Parkinson's live to near-normal life expectancy, provided there is good control of symptoms and medical care.

Though Parkinson's is still an incurable disease, stem cell therapy represents a hopeful therapeutic path that extends beyond the treatment of symptoms—it seeks cellular repair and regenerative healing. By directly targeting dopamine loss, this development has the potential to slow or even reverse some of the functional deficits resulting from the disease.

Former Deputy PM of Australia and Nationals MP Barnaby Joyce said that he has been diagnosed with prostate cancer. Joyce, who was recently re-elected to his New England seat, said he will undergo surgery on Monday. Nearly 25,000 men, on average, are diagnosed with prostate cancer every year, according to statistics by the Australian government.

Speaking to ABC News, the 58-year-old said that he had not experienced any symptoms, but his doctor recommended a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test. The test results indicated elevated PSA levels, leading to an MRI and biopsy that confirmed the cancer diagnosis. Prostate cancer is the most prevalent cancer among men, affecting one in eight men over their lifetime. Joyce expressed gratitude for the early detection and said he is optimistic about making a full recovery.

"If you catch prostate cancer early, it is highly treatable – with a success rate of about 97%," Joyce stated, urging men to be vigilant about symptoms and consider taking the PSA test for early detection. Following the surgery, Joyce plans to take some time off to recover. "I'll be resting as instructed by my family," he said, noting that his wife has prohibited him from engaging in farm work during his recovery period.

How To Identify Prostate Cancer?

Prostate cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when malignant cells form in the prostate gland, which is a walnut-sized gland in the male reproductive system. Prostate cancer treatment guidelines have shifted their path a bit in recent years, with many men opting for active surveillance rather than immediate treatment for slow-growing tumours. However, about 50% of men on "watchful waiting" will require further treatment within 5 years because of the tumour progression. This is what triggered many researchers to aim and identify whether dietary modifications, specifically increasing omega-3 fatty acids, could prolong this surveillance period and slow down the tumour progression.

Prostate cancer that's more advanced may cause signs and symptoms such as:

• Trouble urinating
• Decreased force in the stream of urine
• Blood in the urine
• Blood in the semen
• Bone pain
• Losing weight without trying
• Erectile dysfunction

Prostate cancer treatment and management vary based on the stage and severity of the disease. Early-stage cancer may be monitored through active surveillance, involving regular check-ups without immediate intervention. More advanced cases may require surgery to remove the prostate gland, radiation therapy to target cancer cells, or hormone therapy to reduce testosterone levels that fuel cancer growth. Chemotherapy and targeted drug therapies may also be employed in metastatic cases. Lifestyle modifications, such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, and stress management, can support overall health during treatment. Early detection and timely intervention significantly improve treatment outcomes.

ALSO READ: Prostate Removal Could Be The Solution To Erectile Dysfunction

United States (US) is witnessing a concerning surge in measles cases, with more than 1,000 reported so far since the beginning of 2025. This is only the second time since the disease was declared eliminated in America 25 years ago that the number of cases has risen this high. A widespread outbreak spanning multiple states continues to escalate, placing the country on course for what could become the worst year for measles since 2000.

As of Wednesday, at least 1,002 measles cases have been confirmed this year, based on figures from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and state health departments. The majority of these cases (over 800) are linked to a significant outbreak concentrated in West Texas that has spread to New Mexico, Oklahoma, and potentially Kansas. Additional cases from some of these states are expected to be reported on Friday.

Health experts caution that the actual number of measles cases is likely undercounted, as many cases go unreported. The current outbreak underscores a troubling rise in cases, similar to the spike in 2019 when New York City and surrounding areas reported a major surge, contributing to a total of 1,274 confirmed cases that year. By comparison, the first five months of 2025 have already seen 1,002 cases – only 272 fewer than the entire year of 2019.

While the CDC continues to update national data on measles cases every Friday, it has ceased providing specific state-by-state case counts. As of Friday, the CDC reported 935 cases nationwide, with approximately 13% resulting in hospitalization. Only about 4% of the affected individuals had received at least one dose of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. The outbreak has also led to three measles-related deaths this year – equaling the total number of such deaths over the previous two decades.

According to the CDC, a measles outbreak is defined as three or more related cases. So far in 2025, at least 12 such outbreaks have been identified. Besides the large cluster in West Texas, other states experiencing outbreaks include Ohio, with over 30 reported cases, as well as Montana and Michigan.

The rising numbers have prompted Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. to call for the CDC to reassess treatments for measles and other infectious diseases. As the outbreak continues to grow, public health officials urge Americans to stay vigilant and ensure they are up to date with MMR vaccinations

Autoimmune illnesses like rheumatoid arthritis (RA), lupus, and systemic sclerosis have long been famous for their creation of chronic inflammation and joint devastation, but new evidence is surfacing that these diseases are subtly damaging the heart—particularly among women. The study, reported in Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, estimated that women who have these disorders are at 50% higher risk of heart disease-related death than men. Although progress has been made in treating autoimmune diseases, the cardiovascular dangers they pose—especially to women—are underdiagnosed and undertreated.

Autoimmune illnesses are much more common in women. Almost twice to three times as many women have RA compared to men, and with lupus, it is nine times as many. Systemic sclerosis, characterized by tightening of the skin and possible damage to internal organs, also occurs more often in women.

The higher cardiovascular death rate in women with these diseases is not just a statistical coincidence. Dr. Heba Wassif, Director of Cardio-Rheumatology at Cleveland Clinic and senior author of the study, highlights that the burden of cardiovascular disease in immune-mediated inflammatory conditions is both substantial and disproportionately impacts women. This prompts important questions about how autoimmune-driven inflammation specifically affects women's cardiovascular health—and why their risks have been so historically underestimated.

In perhaps the most thorough analysis yet, scientists sifted through data on over 281,000 deaths attributed to RA, lupus, and systemic sclerosis between 1999 and 2020. More than 127,000 of those were from heart complications.

While overall mortality rates for heart disease fell—from 3.9 to 2.1 per 100,000 among women and from 1.7 to 1.2 among men—the gap between men and women narrowed only slightly: women continued to die from heart disease at disproportionately higher rates.

Even more alarming, stroke and blocked arteries (atherosclerosis) became the leading killers of women, along with the stark rate of deaths due to irregular heart rhythms and cardiac arrest—over twice that of men.

How Autoimmune Inflammation Damages the Heart?

Autoimmune diseases induce the body to mistakenly attack its own tissues. In RA, the immune system assaults the synovium—the joint lining—leading to swelling, pain, and inflammation. But this inflammation does not end here. It can spread to essential organs, such as the heart, lungs, and blood vessels.

Chronic inflammation promotes the formation of plaque in arteries, damages the linings of blood vessels, and accelerates atherosclerosis—a key risk factor for heart attack and stroke. In addition, the systemic inflammation can provoke arrhythmias and worsen heart failure.

The same medications that treat autoimmune diseases—like corticosteroids and certain immunosuppressants—can also increase cardiovascular risks indirectly by elevating blood pressure, blood sugar, or cholesterol levels if not monitored carefully.

How Heart Diseases have Become a Leading Killer in Autoimmune Patients?

Dr. Issam Motairek, lead author of the study, points to a dramatic change in the perception of mortality among autoimmune patients. "There is a general belief that individuals with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases die mostly from infections or kidney disease," he said. "But our study found that one-third of deaths in this group were caused by cardiovascular disease."

This change points to an urgent necessity to rephrase the way we perceive autoimmune conditions—not only as musculoskeletal or cutaneous problems, but as inflammatory disorders of the whole body with lethal cardiovascular ramifications.

Ways to Control Autoimmune Flares to Keep Your Heart Safe

Most of this cardiovascular danger can be avoided. Here is the way in which women suffering from autoimmune disorders can actively shield their heart:

Early and recurrent cardiovascular screening – At the diagnosis of autoimmune disease, screening should be done by Dr. Wassif and then on a regular basis thereafter. This will include blood pressure, cholesterol, glucose levels, and inflammation markers.

Aggressive inflammation control – Treatment of RA or lupus early and effectively not only benefits the joints but also curtails systemic inflammation that can harm the heart.

Lifestyle interventions – Exercise, a heart-healthy diet, stress reduction, and smoking cessation are even more crucial in this group. Exercise may be difficult during flare-ups, but low-impact exercise such as walking or yoga can be helpful.

Weight control – Achy joints and fatigue can reduce mobility, promoting weight gain. But obesity itself is a principal cause of high blood pressure, diabetes, and heart disease—each of which multiplies the risks for autoimmune patients.

Collaborative working with healthcare providers – Rheumatologists, cardiologists, and primary care physicians must work in concert. An expert cardio-rheumatology team, such as at premier institutions like Cleveland Clinic, can provide individualized care.

Of all autoimmune conditions researched, rheumatoid arthritis carried the greatest risk of cardiovascular mortality. RA not only inflames joints—it can also cause damage to heart valves, inflammation of the heart muscle (myocarditis), and pericarditis (inflammation of the outer layer of the heart). In addition, RA is frequently accompanied by fatigue, low-grade fever, and decreased activity—all of which can conceal or exacerbate heart disease.

This seminal study should be an eye-opener for both patients and clinicians. It reinforces the need not to brush off symptoms such as palpitations, chest pain, shortness of breath, or fatigue in women with autoimmune diseases. It also highlights the imperative of greater gender-specific research and an overarching, preventive approach to autoimmune diseases—not merely for joint well-being, but for survival.

If you’re a woman living with an autoimmune inflammatory disease, protecting your heart isn't optional—it’s essential. Don’t wait for a cardiac symptom to speak up. Be your own advocate, and demand comprehensive cardiovascular care. Early detection, effective inflammation control, and lifestyle support can go a long way in reducing your risk—and adding years to your life.