Health and Me

Tanya Dutt

This Weight Loss Injection Can Now Treat Sleep Apnea; Are There Any Side Effects?

The Australia’s Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) has approved the use of tirzepatide, a powerful weight-loss injection for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in adults living with obesity.

Known commercially as Mounjaro, this glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist was initially developed to manage type 2 diabetes. Its subsequent approval for chronic weight management had already positioned it as a frontrunner in the global anti-obesity arsenal. Now, with its newest indication, Mounjaro becomes the first drug officially approved to treat OSA in people with obesity a significant advancement in both sleep medicine and obesity care.

Obstructive <span>sleep apnea</span> affects nearly 1 billion adults globally and is estimated to impact more than 780,000 Australian adults alone. In the United States, the National Sleep Foundation estimates that around 25 million adults suffer from OSA — many undiagnosed.

The disorder occurs when the muscles in the throat relax excessively during sleep, blocking the upper airway and causing breathing to stop and start repeatedly. These interruptions often result in loud snoring, choking sensations, disrupted sleep, and serious daytime fatigue.

More than just an inconvenience untreated OSA has been linked to high blood pressure, stroke, heart disease, type 2 diabetes and even cognitive decline. Yet, traditional treatments like CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) machines and lifestyle changes have been plagued by poor compliance and limited long-term success.

<h2>Mounjaro’s New Role in Sleep Apnea Management</h2>

The latest decision by the TGA adds Mounjaro to the small list of pharmacological tools available to combat OSA — but with a twist. The medication doesn’t directly address the mechanics of airway collapse, but instead reduces excess body fat, particularly around the neck, chest, and abdomen, that contributes to upper airway obstruction.

This indirect yet impactful approach leverages Mounjaro’s proven efficacy in promoting substantial weight loss, making it particularly relevant to the subset of OSA patients who also struggle with obesity (defined as a BMI of 30 or higher).

“Losing weight has long been shown to improve obstructive sleep apnea, and this new indication gives patients a clinically backed tool to help them get there,” says Professor Nick Zwar, a GP and sleep health researcher in Australia.

<h2>Importance of Lifestyle Change to Treat Sleep Apnea</h2>

Experts are cautiously optimistic. While Mounjaro’s new approval represents progress, it’s not a cure-all.

“Weight-loss drugs like Mounjaro can be life-changing, but they are not substitutes for long-term lifestyle change,” Professor Zwar emphasized. “Patients must still commit to sustainable dietary habits and physical activity to maintain their progress and prevent relapse if they discontinue medication.”

This view is echoed by Dr. Moira Junge, CEO of the Sleep Health Foundation, who noted that many individuals with OSA suffer in silence due to limited treatment options. “A pharmacological approach provides hope, especially for those who have struggled with weight loss and CPAP adherence,” she said.

<h2>Who Can Take <span rel="noindex">Mounjaro for Sleep Apnea</span>?</h2>

As per the TGA’s updated guidance, Mounjaro is now approved for use in adults with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea and a BMI of 30 or more. It is not indicated for patients with mild OSA nor for children or adolescents under 18.

It cannot be prescribed to individuals with type 1 diabetes, and caution is advised in people with a history of pancreatitis, thyroid tumors, or severe gastrointestinal issues.

Despite the excitement surrounding its approval, access remains a challenge. Mounjaro is currently not subsidized under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) in Australia and remains available only via private prescription.

The starting monthly cost of the initiation dose is approximately $395 USD, a figure that could place it out of reach for many potential users particularly those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds.

In the U.S., where off-label prescription practices are more flexible, it’s anticipated that sleep specialists and primary care doctors may begin evaluating its relevance for similar patient populations, especially as more data becomes available.

<h2>What Are the Known Side Effects?</h2>

No medication comes without risks and Mounjaro is no exception. While most people tolerate it well, common side effects include:

<ul><li>Nausea</li><li>Upset stomach</li><li>Constipation or diarrhea</li><li>Low blood sugar (especially when used with other diabetes medications)</li><li>Injection site discomfort</li></ul>

These side effects often diminish over time but serious reactions, although rare, can occur. These include pancreatitis, gallbladder disease, and potential thyroid tumor risks. Hence, it’s critical that the drug be prescribed and monitored by a qualified healthcare professional.

This approval highlights a major global trend of the intersection of metabolic health and sleep health and how it is becoming increasingly relevant. With rising rates of obesity, diabetes, and sedentary lifestyles worldwide, the demand for integrated, accessible treatment solutions has never been greater.

Although the TGA’s decision currently applies only to Australia, it could influence regulatory bodies in the U.S., Europe, and other parts of the world to consider similar approvals. Already, sleep and obesity researchers across the globe are taking note of this development as a potential shift in OSA treatment paradigms.

For millions battling the exhausting cycle of sleep apnea and obesity, this new use for Mounjaro could be a life saver provided it is prescribed responsibly, accessed affordably, and used as part of a long-term wellness plan.

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The Australia’s Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) has approved the use of tirzepatide, a powerful weight-loss injection for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in adults living with obesity.Known commercially as Mounjaro, this glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist was initially developed to manage type 2 diabetes. Its subsequent approval for chronic weight management had already positioned it as a frontrunner in the global anti-obesity arsenal. Now, with its newest indication, Mounjaro becomes the first drug officially approved to treat OSA in people with obesity a significant advancement in both sleep medicine and obesity care.Obstructive sleep apnea affects nearly 1 billion adults globally and is estimated to impact more than 780,000 Australian adults alone. In the United States, the National Sleep Foundation estimates that around 25 million adults suffer from OSA — many undiagnosed.The disorder occurs when the muscles in the throat relax excessively during sleep, blocking the upper airway and causing breathing to stop and start repeatedly. These interruptions often result in loud snoring, choking sensations, disrupted sleep, and serious daytime fatigue.More than just an inconvenience untreated OSA has been linked to high blood pressure, stroke, heart disease, type 2 diabetes and even cognitive decline. Yet, traditional treatments like CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) machines and lifestyle changes have been plagued by poor compliance and limited long-term success.Mounjaro’s New Role in Sleep Apnea ManagementThe latest decision by the TGA adds Mounjaro to the small list of pharmacological tools available to combat OSA — but with a twist. The medication doesn’t directly address the mechanics of airway collapse, but instead reduces excess body fat, particularly around the neck, chest, and abdomen, that contributes to upper airway obstruction.This indirect yet impactful approach leverages Mounjaro’s proven efficacy in promoting substantial weight loss, making it particularly relevant to the subset of OSA patients who also struggle with obesity (defined as a BMI of 30 or higher).“Losing weight has long been shown to improve obstructive sleep apnea, and this new indication gives patients a clinically backed tool to help them get there,” says Professor Nick Zwar, a GP and sleep health researcher in Australia.Importance of Lifestyle Change to Treat Sleep ApneaExperts are cautiously optimistic. While Mounjaro’s new approval represents progress, it’s not a cure-all.“Weight-loss drugs like Mounjaro can be life-changing, but they are not substitutes for long-term lifestyle change,” Professor Zwar emphasized. “Patients must still commit to sustainable dietary habits and physical activity to maintain their progress and prevent relapse if they discontinue medication.”This view is echoed by Dr. Moira Junge, CEO of the Sleep Health Foundation, who noted that many individuals with OSA suffer in silence due to limited treatment options. “A pharmacological approach provides hope, especially for those who have struggled with weight loss and CPAP adherence,” she said.Who Can Take Mounjaro for Sleep Apnea?As per the TGA’s updated guidance, Mounjaro is now approved for use in adults with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea and a BMI of 30 or more. It is not indicated for patients with mild OSA nor for children or adolescents under 18.It cannot be prescribed to individuals with type 1 diabetes, and caution is advised in people with a history of pancreatitis, thyroid tumors, or severe gastrointestinal issues.How Much Does It Cost?Despite the excitement surrounding its approval, access remains a challenge. Mounjaro is currently not subsidized under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) in Australia and remains available only via private prescription.The starting monthly cost of the initiation dose is approximately $395 USD, a figure that could place it out of reach for many potential users particularly those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds.In the U.S., where off-label prescription practices are more flexible, it’s anticipated that sleep specialists and primary care doctors may begin evaluating its relevance for similar patient populations, especially as more data becomes available.What Are the Known Side Effects?No medication comes without risks and Mounjaro is no exception. While most people tolerate it well, common side effects include:NauseaUpset stomachConstipation or diarrheaLow blood sugar (especially when used with other diabetes medications)Injection site discomfortThese side effects often diminish over time but serious reactions, although rare, can occur. These include pancreatitis, gallbladder disease, and potential thyroid tumor risks. Hence, it’s critical that the drug be prescribed and monitored by a qualified healthcare professional.This approval highlights a major global trend of the intersection of metabolic health and sleep health and how it is becoming increasingly relevant. With rising rates of obesity, diabetes, and sedentary lifestyles worldwide, the demand for integrated, accessible treatment solutions has never been greater.Although the TGA’s decision currently applies only to Australia, it could influence regulatory bodies in the U.S., Europe, and other parts of the world to consider similar approvals. Already, sleep and obesity researchers across the globe are taking note of this development as a potential shift in OSA treatment paradigms.For millions battling the exhausting cycle of sleep apnea and obesity, this new use for Mounjaro could be a life saver provided it is prescribed responsibly, accessed affordably, and used as part of a long-term wellness plan.

this weight loss injection can now treat sleep apnea; are there any side effects?

Ishita Roy

Is It The Next Pandemic? New COVID-19 Like Virus From China Raises Global Health Concerns

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A new strain of <span>coronavirus</span> discovered in China, known as HKU5-CoV-2, could be only a few mutations away from triggering the next deadly pandemic, say American scientists. The virus was identified by researchers at Washington State University (WSU). The researchers have said that it shares close genetic similarities with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)—a highly lethal virus that kills nearly a third of those it infects. The findings have raised serious concern in the global scientific community.

MERS, which emerged in 2012 and has caused sporadic outbreaks primarily in the Arabian Peninsula, is known for its severe respiratory symptoms and high mortality rate. HKU5-CoV-2, the new virus under scrutiny, belongs to the merbecovirus family—a group of viruses that includes MERS. While not yet known to infect humans, scientists warn that a minor genetic mutation could allow it to do so, raising the possibility of another global health emergency similar to <span>COVID-19</span>.

“This virus may be only a small step away from being able to spill over into humans,” said Professor Michael Letko, a virologist at WSU and co-lead author of the study.

The study focused on how HKU5-CoV-2 interacts with human cells. Originally found in bats, this virus was identified by Chinese scientists from the same lab some speculate may have been linked to the origins of COVID-19. In the new study, WSU researchers examined the virus's ability to bind to human ACE2 receptors—proteins located in the nose, mouth, and throat that serve as entry points for coronaviruses.

Using advanced cryo-electron microscopy, researchers captured detailed images of the virus's spike protein, revealing that key segments of the spike often remain “closed.” This closed structure typically makes infection harder—but not impossible.

The team observed that while human cells generally resist infection from HKU5-CoV-2, the virus could latch onto human ACE2 receptors if specific mutations occur. These mutations could enable the virus to enter human cells more effectively, increasing its potential to cause disease.

<h4>Risks from Intermediate Animal Hosts</h4>

Another concern is the possibility of the virus mutating in intermediate animal hosts, such as mink or civets, before jumping to humans. Such transmission chains have been seen in other coronavirus outbreaks, including both SARS and MERS. If HKU5-CoV-2 were to infect these animals, it might gain the ability to infect humans more efficiently, scientists warn.

“Viruses that are already this close to MERS in structure and function are definitely worth monitoring,” Letko emphasized.

Earlier in 2025, researchers in Wuhan reported that one strain of HKU5—Lineage 2—already shows the ability to bind to human ACE2 receptors without further mutation. This suggests that some forms of the virus may already be equipped to infect humans.

Building on that discovery, the WSU team expanded their research to look at the entire merbecovirus family. Their findings indicate that several other strains, not just Lineage 2, may only require minimal changes to become capable of infecting humans.

As the world continues to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic, scientists stress the importance of ongoing surveillance and pre-emptive research into emerging viruses like HKU5-CoV-2. Even if they cannot yet infect humans, understanding their structure and behavior is crucial for early intervention.

"The lesson from COVID-19 is clear—we cannot afford to ignore even small viral threats," Letko concluded.

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A new strain of coronavirus discovered in China, known as HKU5-CoV-2, could be only a few mutations away from triggering the next deadly pandemic, say American scientists. The virus was identified by researchers at Washington State University (WSU). The researchers have said that it shares close genetic similarities with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)—a highly lethal virus that kills nearly a third of those it infects. The findings have raised serious concern in the global scientific community.A Close Cousin of MERSMERS, which emerged in 2012 and has caused sporadic outbreaks primarily in the Arabian Peninsula, is known for its severe respiratory symptoms and high mortality rate. HKU5-CoV-2, the new virus under scrutiny, belongs to the merbecovirus family—a group of viruses that includes MERS. While not yet known to infect humans, scientists warn that a minor genetic mutation could allow it to do so, raising the possibility of another global health emergency similar to COVID-19.“This virus may be only a small step away from being able to spill over into humans,” said Professor Michael Letko, a virologist at WSU and co-lead author of the study.What the Study FoundThe study focused on how HKU5-CoV-2 interacts with human cells. Originally found in bats, this virus was identified by Chinese scientists from the same lab some speculate may have been linked to the origins of COVID-19. In the new study, WSU researchers examined the virus's ability to bind to human ACE2 receptors—proteins located in the nose, mouth, and throat that serve as entry points for coronaviruses.Using advanced cryo-electron microscopy, researchers captured detailed images of the virus's spike protein, revealing that key segments of the spike often remain “closed.” This closed structure typically makes infection harder—but not impossible.The team observed that while human cells generally resist infection from HKU5-CoV-2, the virus could latch onto human ACE2 receptors if specific mutations occur. These mutations could enable the virus to enter human cells more effectively, increasing its potential to cause disease.Risks from Intermediate Animal HostsAnother concern is the possibility of the virus mutating in intermediate animal hosts, such as mink or civets, before jumping to humans. Such transmission chains have been seen in other coronavirus outbreaks, including both SARS and MERS. If HKU5-CoV-2 were to infect these animals, it might gain the ability to infect humans more efficiently, scientists warn.“Viruses that are already this close to MERS in structure and function are definitely worth monitoring,” Letko emphasized.Lineage 2 and Immediate ThreatsEarlier in 2025, researchers in Wuhan reported that one strain of HKU5—Lineage 2—already shows the ability to bind to human ACE2 receptors without further mutation. This suggests that some forms of the virus may already be equipped to infect humans.Building on that discovery, the WSU team expanded their research to look at the entire merbecovirus family. Their findings indicate that several other strains, not just Lineage 2, may only require minimal changes to become capable of infecting humans.Vigilance NeededAs the world continues to recover from the COVID-19 pandemic, scientists stress the importance of ongoing surveillance and pre-emptive research into emerging viruses like HKU5-CoV-2. Even if they cannot yet infect humans, understanding their structure and behavior is crucial for early intervention."The lesson from COVID-19 is clear—we cannot afford to ignore even small viral threats," Letko concluded.

is it the next pandemic? new covid-19 like virus from china raises global health concerns

Anthrax Outbreak at Thai Tourist Hotspot: 1 Dead, 4 Hospitalized

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An <span>anthrax</span> outbreak has hit Thailand's top tourist areas and has killed man, while four have been hospitalized, confirmed health officials. 

As per the authorities, they are now racing against the time to trace the source of this dangerous livestock disease, which has a highly infectious bacterial infection. 

As per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), anthrax is a serious disease usually caused by Bacillus anthracis bacteria. The bacteria is found in soil around the world and commonly affect livestock and wild animals. People who usually get sick with anthrax may have come in contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products. 

People can breathe in anthrax spores, eat food or drink water contaminated with spores or get spores in a cut or scrape in the skin. 

According to Thai authorities, the 53-year-old victim from Mukdahan, near the Laos border, died after showing symptoms consistent with anthrax. He developed a dark lesion on his hand just days after slaughtering a cow last month. Soon after, he experienced swollen lymph nodes, dizziness, and seizures. Although he sought treatment at a local hospital, he died before doctors could intervene effectively. Laboratory tests later confirmed that he had contracted anthrax, local media reported.

Early investigations suggest the man was exposed to anthrax after a cow was slaughtered during a religious ceremony. The meat was shared and consumed within the village, and four other people from the same province later fell ill—each case linked to infected cattle or contaminated meat.

Doctors say three of the infected individuals are close to full recovery, though a fifth case has now been reported. In response, officials have quarantined all animals—including vaccinated cattle—within a five-kilometre radius of the outbreak. Tests on meat, knives, chopping boards, and soil came back positive for anthrax spores. Authorities are currently monitoring over 600 people who may have been exposed to infected livestock or meat.

As per the World Health Organization (WHO), local authorities have “identified and provided post-exposure prophylaxis to all high-risk contacts” and “implemented a robust set of control measures.” They added: “Currently, due to the robust public health measures implemented by Thailand, the risk of international disease spreading through animal movement remains low.”

Cutaneous anthrax is the most common—and least dangerous—form of the infection. It occurs when anthrax spores enter the body through a cut, scrape, or open wound on the skin. This often happens while handling infected animals or contaminated animal products like wool, hides, or hair. The infection typically appears on the head, neck, forearms, or hands as a sore that turns into a black-centered ulcer.

This is the most severe and life-threatening type of anthrax. It happens when someone breathes in airborne spores, often in environments like wool mills, slaughterhouses, or tanneries where infected animal products may be present. The disease usually begins in the lymph nodes of the chest before spreading rapidly throughout the body.

Gastrointestinal anthrax occurs when someone eats raw or undercooked meat from an infected animal. Although rare—especially in the United States—it can affect the throat, esophagus, stomach, and intestines. Symptoms vary but can include sore throat, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and severe digestive issues.

Recently identified, this rare form of anthrax has been found in welders and metalworkers. It leads to severe pneumonia and can be fatal. Workers in metal industries who experience sudden fever, cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, or coughing up blood should seek medical attention immediately.

This type has been reported among heroin-injecting drug users in northern Europe. It occurs when spores are introduced deep under the skin or into the muscle through contaminated drugs. Though similar to cutaneous anthrax, it causes more severe infections in deeper tissues. It has not yet been reported in the United States.

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anthrax outbreak thailand

An anthrax outbreak has hit Thailand's top tourist areas and has killed man, while four have been hospitalized, confirmed health officials. As per the authorities, they are now racing against the time to trace the source of this dangerous livestock disease, which has a highly infectious bacterial infection. What Is Anthrax?As per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), anthrax is a serious disease usually caused by Bacillus anthracis bacteria. The bacteria is found in soil around the world and commonly affect livestock and wild animals. People who usually get sick with anthrax may have come in contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products. People can breathe in anthrax spores, eat food or drink water contaminated with spores or get spores in a cut or scrape in the skin. What Is Happening In Thailand?According to Thai authorities, the 53-year-old victim from Mukdahan, near the Laos border, died after showing symptoms consistent with anthrax. He developed a dark lesion on his hand just days after slaughtering a cow last month. Soon after, he experienced swollen lymph nodes, dizziness, and seizures. Although he sought treatment at a local hospital, he died before doctors could intervene effectively. Laboratory tests later confirmed that he had contracted anthrax, local media reported.Early investigations suggest the man was exposed to anthrax after a cow was slaughtered during a religious ceremony. The meat was shared and consumed within the village, and four other people from the same province later fell ill—each case linked to infected cattle or contaminated meat.Doctors say three of the infected individuals are close to full recovery, though a fifth case has now been reported. In response, officials have quarantined all animals—including vaccinated cattle—within a five-kilometre radius of the outbreak. Tests on meat, knives, chopping boards, and soil came back positive for anthrax spores. Authorities are currently monitoring over 600 people who may have been exposed to infected livestock or meat.As per the World Health Organization (WHO), local authorities have “identified and provided post-exposure prophylaxis to all high-risk contacts” and “implemented a robust set of control measures.” They added: “Currently, due to the robust public health measures implemented by Thailand, the risk of international disease spreading through animal movement remains low.”What Are The Types Of Anthrax?Cutaneous AnthraxCutaneous anthrax is the most common—and least dangerous—form of the infection. It occurs when anthrax spores enter the body through a cut, scrape, or open wound on the skin. This often happens while handling infected animals or contaminated animal products like wool, hides, or hair. The infection typically appears on the head, neck, forearms, or hands as a sore that turns into a black-centered ulcer.Inhalation AnthraxThis is the most severe and life-threatening type of anthrax. It happens when someone breathes in airborne spores, often in environments like wool mills, slaughterhouses, or tanneries where infected animal products may be present. The disease usually begins in the lymph nodes of the chest before spreading rapidly throughout the body.Gastrointestinal AnthraxGastrointestinal anthrax occurs when someone eats raw or undercooked meat from an infected animal. Although rare—especially in the United States—it can affect the throat, esophagus, stomach, and intestines. Symptoms vary but can include sore throat, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and severe digestive issues.Welder’s AnthraxRecently identified, this rare form of anthrax has been found in welders and metalworkers. It leads to severe pneumonia and can be fatal. Workers in metal industries who experience sudden fever, cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, or coughing up blood should seek medical attention immediately.Injection AnthraxThis type has been reported among heroin-injecting drug users in northern Europe. It occurs when spores are introduced deep under the skin or into the muscle through contaminated drugs. Though similar to cutaneous anthrax, it causes more severe infections in deeper tissues. It has not yet been reported in the United States.

anthrax outbreak at thai tourist hotspot: 1 dead, 4 hospitalized

Top 10 US Cities With Worst Air Pollution

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As per the latest American Lung Association report, nearly half of Americans, around 156 million people live in areas that received a failing grade in air quality. 

The East Coast has seen a rise in <span>air pollution</span> that came after wildfires and heatwaves, breaking through West Coast city domination of the most annual exposure to fine particulate matter. These were based on the association's "State of the State" report based on 2021 to 2023 data. Most of this is to be attributed to the 2023 Canadian wildfires and the extreme heatwaves. 

Three indicators were used to measure air quality, namely: ozone air pollution, short-term particle pollution and long-term particle pollution. 

Exposure to unhealthy air can cause many health risks to a person and could increase the chance of stroke, ischemic heart disease, severity in asthma attacks, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and pneumonia. Air pollution is also linked with increased fetal and infant mortality and pregnancy complication, along with cognitive decline. 

Here Are The Top <span>10 US Cities With Worst Air Pollution</span>:

This region continues to perform poorly on particulate matter pollution. The area has also been prone to wildfire smoke, use of wood-burning stoves, aggressive heating methods, and large vehicles.

This region experienced a dramatic fall that placed it from 54th to ninth rank in highest exposure of annual particulate matter. 

It is on the list due to the ozone pollution. 

<h4>7. San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, California</h4>

The Bay Area is one of six regions in California that rank among the top 10 in the country for annual particle pollution exposure. Frequent wildfires driven by dry conditions contribute to poor air quality across all three pollution measures in the report. The region also ranks 11th for short-term particle pollution and 14th for ozone pollution. These environmental hazards impact a population of 9 million people, nearly 6 million of whom are people of color.

<h4>6. Detroit-Warren-Ann Arbor, Michigan</h4>

The Detroit metro area is a latest addition in the long-term air pollution list, the region was impacted by the Canadian wildfires. 

<h4>5. Lod Angeles-Long Beach, California</h4>

This is the worst rank for ozone pollution in the 25th time in the 26-year history of the 'State of the Air' report. 

This has ranked third for short-term air quality. The pollution has affected 381,000 people. 

<h4>3. Fresno-Hanford-Corcoran, California</h4>

This region scored firth for both short-term and long-term air pollution and ozone pollution, and has slightly improved from precious years. 

This city experienced the highest-ever spike in particulate pollution since the start of the report. 

<h4>1. Bakersfield-Delano, California</h4>

This region top the worst air pollution list for the sixth consecutive year, affection a population of 914,000 people.

Previously, residents of the US, Canada, and UK also reported mysterious, dense fog. Many residents posted videos that claimed the fog smelled like "burning chemical". 

Many on TikTok shared the video of the dense fog, calling it "toxic". The people also shared: "The weirdest part is the taste and smell. It smells like after you set off a bunch of fireworks, and the air tastes toxic. It is super weird". Someone else on X, previously Twitter claimed that the air smells like burning plastic.

Pollution is related with many health risks, a thick fog during winter may not be a reason for concern. However, the residents claiming it to be toxic due to the smell or the adverse affects on their health may lead to it being a cause of concerns. Also, new research highlights a disturbing connection between long-term exposure to air pollution and a heightened danger of deadly blood clots, a condition which is underappreciated but also poses significant health risks. A study, published in Blood, examined how long-term exposure to some pollutants, including fine particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and nitric oxide, may heighten the chances of VTE hospitalizations.

The outcomes showed that the individuals who had exposure to pollutants in the higher quartile had:

<ul><li>43% increased risk of hospitalization for VTE associated with fine particulate matter.</li><li>2.8 times increased risk from nitrogen dioxide exposure.</li><li>2.3 times increased risk due to nitric oxide.</li></ul>

Another 2021 study titled Effect of Air Pollution on Obesity in Children: A systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, there is a connection between air pollution and weight gain through biological behavioral mechanism. The major pollutants causing obesity are nitrous oxides, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and particulate matter. These could lead to systematic inflammation and metabolic disturbances, which can lead to weight gain and obesity. The study mentions that fine particulate matter [PM2.5], when it enters our body, it influences the metabolism rates.

A different study published in the JAMA Network Open, stated that higher levels of particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure can increase the risk of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.

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As per the latest American Lung Association report, nearly half of Americans, around 156 million people live in areas that received a failing grade in air quality. The East Coast has seen a rise in air pollution that came after wildfires and heatwaves, breaking through West Coast city domination of the most annual exposure to fine particulate matter. These were based on the association's "State of the State" report based on 2021 to 2023 data. Most of this is to be attributed to the 2023 Canadian wildfires and the extreme heatwaves. How Was Air Quality Measured?Three indicators were used to measure air quality, namely: ozone air pollution, short-term particle pollution and long-term particle pollution. Exposure to unhealthy air can cause many health risks to a person and could increase the chance of stroke, ischemic heart disease, severity in asthma attacks, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and pneumonia. Air pollution is also linked with increased fetal and infant mortality and pregnancy complication, along with cognitive decline. Here Are The Top 10 US Cities With Worst Air Pollution:10. Fairbanks-College, AlaskaThis region continues to perform poorly on particulate matter pollution. The area has also been prone to wildfire smoke, use of wood-burning stoves, aggressive heating methods, and large vehicles.9. Cleveland-Akon-Canton, OhioThis region experienced a dramatic fall that placed it from 54th to ninth rank in highest exposure of annual particulate matter. 8. Houston-Pasadena, TexasIt is on the list due to the ozone pollution. 7. San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CaliforniaThe Bay Area is one of six regions in California that rank among the top 10 in the country for annual particle pollution exposure. Frequent wildfires driven by dry conditions contribute to poor air quality across all three pollution measures in the report. The region also ranks 11th for short-term particle pollution and 14th for ozone pollution. These environmental hazards impact a population of 9 million people, nearly 6 million of whom are people of color.6. Detroit-Warren-Ann Arbor, MichiganThe Detroit metro area is a latest addition in the long-term air pollution list, the region was impacted by the Canadian wildfires. 5. Lod Angeles-Long Beach, CaliforniaThis is the worst rank for ozone pollution in the 25th time in the 26-year history of the 'State of the Air' report. 4. Eugene-Springfield, OregonThis has ranked third for short-term air quality. The pollution has affected 381,000 people. 3. Fresno-Hanford-Corcoran, CaliforniaThis region scored firth for both short-term and long-term air pollution and ozone pollution, and has slightly improved from precious years. 2. Visalia, CaliforniaThis city experienced the highest-ever spike in particulate pollution since the start of the report. 1. Bakersfield-Delano, CaliforniaThis region top the worst air pollution list for the sixth consecutive year, affection a population of 914,000 people.Air Pollution And Its ImpactPreviously, residents of the US, Canada, and UK also reported mysterious, dense fog. Many residents posted videos that claimed the fog smelled like "burning chemical". Many on TikTok shared the video of the dense fog, calling it "toxic". The people also shared: "The weirdest part is the taste and smell. It smells like after you set off a bunch of fireworks, and the air tastes toxic. It is super weird". Someone else on X, previously Twitter claimed that the air smells like burning plastic.Pollution is related with many health risks, a thick fog during winter may not be a reason for concern. However, the residents claiming it to be toxic due to the smell or the adverse affects on their health may lead to it being a cause of concerns. Also, new research highlights a disturbing connection between long-term exposure to air pollution and a heightened danger of deadly blood clots, a condition which is underappreciated but also poses significant health risks. A study, published in Blood, examined how long-term exposure to some pollutants, including fine particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and nitric oxide, may heighten the chances of VTE hospitalizations.The outcomes showed that the individuals who had exposure to pollutants in the higher quartile had:43% increased risk of hospitalization for VTE associated with fine particulate matter.2.8 times increased risk from nitrogen dioxide exposure.2.3 times increased risk due to nitric oxide.Another 2021 study titled Effect of Air Pollution on Obesity in Children: A systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, there is a connection between air pollution and weight gain through biological behavioral mechanism. The major pollutants causing obesity are nitrous oxides, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and particulate matter. These could lead to systematic inflammation and metabolic disturbances, which can lead to weight gain and obesity. The study mentions that fine particulate matter [PM2.5], when it enters our body, it influences the metabolism rates.A different study published in the JAMA Network Open, stated that higher levels of particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure can increase the risk of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. 

top 10 us cities with worst air pollution

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