A study has been released recently based on the analysis of the latest Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data that says that for 15 per cent of all deaths in Delhi in 2023 were caused by air pollution. The analysis was based on the data which was released by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) earlier this month. The data showed that around 17,188 deaths in the national capital were due to the long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution. This is equivalent to 1 in 7 deaths in Delhi. However, the Union Environment Ministry has said that there is "no conclusive evidence" that could directly link air pollution to mortality. The ministry said that it could be one of several contributing factors. Toxic Air: A Public Health EmergencyResearchers at the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (CREA), which analyzed the GBD data said the findings in fact point that there is a need to treat air pollution as a public health emergency. Dr Manoj Kumar, who is an analyst at CREA said, "Air pollution must now be treated foremost as a public health issue, not just an environmental one. India already has over 250 epidemiological studies establishing the link between polluted air and a wide range of health impacts. The science is clear: what's needed now is decisive, coordinated action," said Dr Manoj Kumar, an analyst at CREA, as reported by NDTV. How Can Someone Die By Air Pollution?Particulate matter or PM2.5 and PM10 impacts human far beyond their lungs. When you inhale polluted air, the pollutants can travel from your lungs. It reaches the alveoli and enters the bloodstream. Overtime and after a long time of exposure, these particles could accumulate in blood vessels and reduce oxygen flow to heart and brain. This could trigger strokes, heart attacks, and other chronic illnesses. Rise In Deaths By Air Pollution As per the GBD data, air pollution related deaths in Delhi rose from 15,786 in 2018 to 17,188 in 2023. This is after the authorities had introduced several air quality management related plans. The deaths have been linked to high blood pressure and diabetes during the same period, however, those numbers are lower than air pollution.Dr Kumar has also noted that the assumption most people have that air pollution is just a winter-specific problem is not right. Pollution is a year-round crisis, he points out and the "harmful exposure happens throughout the year". Dr Kumar notes that it is during winter when the speed drops and pollutants settle close to ground, which is why it becomes more visible during the winter. According to CREA’s latest PM2.5 assessment for October 2025, Delhi emerged as the sixth most polluted city in India, logging an average PM2.5 level of 107 µg/m³ — nearly three times its September average. Haryana’s Dharuhera topped the list as the most polluted, with levels reaching 123 µg/m³. It is interesting to note that stubble burning's contribution in Delhi air pollution in October 2025 was 6% less than in other years.
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