Health and Me

Itisha Arya

11 Brain And Nerve Symptoms Neurologists Say Can Become Life-Threatening

neurological symptoms

It can feel overwhelming to understand the wide range of conditions neurologists deal with. Their work spans cerebrovascular problems such as stroke and carotid artery disease, seizure disorders, and progressive illnesses like Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia. They also treat headaches and facial pain, movement disorders including Parkinson’s, muscle conditions, sleep disorders such as narcolepsy, and many other issues.

“If there’s a nerve somewhere, a neurologist could get involved,” explains Dr. Andrew Dorsch, division chief for general neurology at Rush University System for Health and a specialist in neurologic rehabilitation. “Nerves run through the entire body. That means there are countless ways the nervous system can be affected, and figuring out the cause often requires real detective work.” He notes that many people dismiss <span>neurological symptoms</span> for years, blaming them on ageing or assuming they will pass. That delay can be costly.

Neurological symptoms are warning signs that something may be affecting the brain, spinal cord, or nerves. They can look very different from person to person. Some experience headaches, changes in vision, speech, or hearing, or sensations like numbness and tingling. 

Others notice tremors, weakness, poor balance, or trouble coordinating movements. Cognitive changes such as memory lapses, confusion, seizures, sleep problems, and intense pain can also fall under this category. These symptoms happen when nerve signals are disrupted, interfering with sensation, movement, thinking, and even consciousness, according to the Cleveland Clinic.

<h2>Neurological Symptoms That Can Become Life-Threatening</h2>

According to TIME, four neurologists shared the symptoms that should never be brushed aside, along with what they could mean.

Double vision affecting one eye is a symptom many people underestimate. It can stem from a range of serious conditions, including multiple sclerosis, stroke, aneurysm, myasthenia gravis, brain tumours, or infections of the brain, says Dr. Luis Cruz-Saavedra, a neurologist at Memorial Hermann Health System.

So when does it require action? “Right away,” he says. “Sudden double vision is a reason to go straight to the emergency room.” Doctors will assess vital signs, look for <span>signs of stroke</span>, examine the eyes and nervous system, and may recommend imaging tests such as a CT scan or brain MRI.

Have you noticed one leg dragging when you walk, or found yourself limping without a clear reason? Maybe holding a cup or writing with your usual hand has become difficult. If so, it is time to see a doctor.

“I’m always struck by how many people downplay weakness on one side of the body,” Cruz-Saavedra says, noting this is far from a good thing. “Patients often come in months after it starts. Many assume it’s a pinched nerve, but it could signal a stroke, a brain tumour, multiple sclerosis, or inflammation in the brain.” During evaluation, neurologists assess muscle strength, reflexes, coordination, and walking patterns to narrow down the cause.

Some neurological conditions cause brief moments where a person seems to switch off, then quickly returns to normal without remembering what happened. These episodes are often linked to temporal lobe seizures, which affect brain areas involved in memory and emotional processing, Cruz-Saavedra explains.

Stroke remains one of the leading causes of death in the United States, yet many people fail to recognize its signs and delay seeking help. “I hear stories all the time where someone has stroke symptoms and decides to lie down and wait it out,” says Dr. Enrique Leira, director of the division of cerebrovascular diseases at the University of Iowa.

Stroke symptoms usually come on suddenly and involve a loss of function. Speech changes are a common example. A person may slur words, speak unusually slowly, struggle to find the right words, or have trouble understanding others. In such cases, immediate medical attention is essential, Leira stresses.

<h2>Sudden Headache During Physical Effort</h2>

Headaches can be tricky for neurologists because there are so many possible causes, many of them harmless. Still, certain types raise red flags. A headache that is extremely intense and appears out of nowhere, rather than building gradually, deserves attention. If it strikes during physical exertion, that concern increases.

“If it’s severe, sudden, and linked to effort, it needs to be checked right away,” Leira says, as it could point to something serious like a stroke.

When patients report numbness, it most often affects their fingers or toes. “That usually means the nerves aren’t sending signals back to the brain properly,” Dorsch explains. “The nerve may be temporarily stunned, or in some cases, permanently damaged.” This differs from tingling, which tends to suggest irritation rather than loss of signal.

The first step is a thorough evaluation to identify which nerves are involved and why. Diabetes is a common cause, but not the only one. Genetic disorders or immune conditions that attack nerves can also be responsible, Dorsch says.

Almost everyone experiences déjà vu now and then. But frequent episodes are a different matter. “If it’s happening regularly, it’s worth getting evaluated,” Dorsch advises. Repeated déjà vu can be an early sign of temporal lobe seizures. He recalls treating a patient who experienced these episodes weekly or every few weeks, far more often than is typical.

<h2>Difficulty Getting Out Of A Chair On A Regular Basis</h2>

With age, stiffness and slower movement are common. Still, certain difficulties stand out. If standing up from a chair becomes a recurring struggle, a medical check-up is important.

“It could be joint-related, but we also need to rule out problems with the muscles, nerves, or spinal cord,” Dorsch says. Conditions such as Parkinson’s disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) may be involved. “That’s not something I’d want anyone in my family to ignore.”

Neurologists watch closely for changes in how someone speaks. One example is hypophonic speech, where the voice becomes unusually soft or breathy, which can be a sign of Parkinson’s disease, says Dr. Alexandru Olaru, a neurologist at University of Maryland St. Joseph Medical Center. Slurred speech, on the other hand, may point to a stroke.

Another concerning sign is wet dysarthria, when speech sounds gurgly, often due to saliva or mucus pooling at the back of the throat. “Muscle loss in that area makes it harder to manage saliva,” Olaru explains. Common causes include Parkinson’s disease, ALS, and multiple sclerosis.

Occasional muscle twitching is normal. It can happen anywhere in the body and may even be visible under the skin as small ripples. “You can sometimes feel it if you place your hand over the muscle,” Olaru says. Persistent or widespread twitching, however, may warrant further evaluation.

Sudden shifts in behaviour or personality can signal neurological disease. Conditions such as autoimmune encephalitis, frontotemporal dementia, or other cognitive disorders may present this way. One frequent example is new-onset paranoia. A person might believe they are being targeted, betrayed, or plotted against, even when there is no logical basis, Cruz-Saavedra says.

Neurologists also take note when a typically reserved person becomes unusually talkative or disinhibited. “Some people may develop hypersexual behaviour or make inappropriate remarks,” he adds. Others may change in the opposite direction, becoming withdrawn and quiet. Dementia can also show up as new obsessive behaviours or hoarding, Cruz-Saavedra notes.

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It can feel overwhelming to understand the wide range of conditions neurologists deal with. Their work spans cerebrovascular problems such as stroke and carotid artery disease, seizure disorders, and progressive illnesses like Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia. They also treat headaches and facial pain, movement disorders including Parkinson’s, muscle conditions, sleep disorders such as narcolepsy, and many other issues.“If there’s a nerve somewhere, a neurologist could get involved,” explains Dr. Andrew Dorsch, division chief for general neurology at Rush University System for Health and a specialist in neurologic rehabilitation. “Nerves run through the entire body. That means there are countless ways the nervous system can be affected, and figuring out the cause often requires real detective work.” He notes that many people dismiss neurological symptoms for years, blaming them on ageing or assuming they will pass. That delay can be costly.What Are Neurological Symptoms?Neurological symptoms are warning signs that something may be affecting the brain, spinal cord, or nerves. They can look very different from person to person. Some experience headaches, changes in vision, speech, or hearing, or sensations like numbness and tingling. Others notice tremors, weakness, poor balance, or trouble coordinating movements. Cognitive changes such as memory lapses, confusion, seizures, sleep problems, and intense pain can also fall under this category. These symptoms happen when nerve signals are disrupted, interfering with sensation, movement, thinking, and even consciousness, according to the Cleveland Clinic.Neurological Symptoms That Can Become Life-ThreateningAccording to TIME, four neurologists shared the symptoms that should never be brushed aside, along with what they could mean.Double Vision In One EyeDouble vision affecting one eye is a symptom many people underestimate. It can stem from a range of serious conditions, including multiple sclerosis, stroke, aneurysm, myasthenia gravis, brain tumours, or infections of the brain, says Dr. Luis Cruz-Saavedra, a neurologist at Memorial Hermann Health System.So when does it require action? “Right away,” he says. “Sudden double vision is a reason to go straight to the emergency room.” Doctors will assess vital signs, look for signs of stroke, examine the eyes and nervous system, and may recommend imaging tests such as a CT scan or brain MRI.Weakness In One Hand Or LegHave you noticed one leg dragging when you walk, or found yourself limping without a clear reason? Maybe holding a cup or writing with your usual hand has become difficult. If so, it is time to see a doctor.“I’m always struck by how many people downplay weakness on one side of the body,” Cruz-Saavedra says, noting this is far from a good thing. “Patients often come in months after it starts. Many assume it’s a pinched nerve, but it could signal a stroke, a brain tumour, multiple sclerosis, or inflammation in the brain.” During evaluation, neurologists assess muscle strength, reflexes, coordination, and walking patterns to narrow down the cause.Transient UnresponsivenessSome neurological conditions cause brief moments where a person seems to switch off, then quickly returns to normal without remembering what happened. These episodes are often linked to temporal lobe seizures, which affect brain areas involved in memory and emotional processing, Cruz-Saavedra explains.Problems With SpeechStroke remains one of the leading causes of death in the United States, yet many people fail to recognize its signs and delay seeking help. “I hear stories all the time where someone has stroke symptoms and decides to lie down and wait it out,” says Dr. Enrique Leira, director of the division of cerebrovascular diseases at the University of Iowa.Stroke symptoms usually come on suddenly and involve a loss of function. Speech changes are a common example. A person may slur words, speak unusually slowly, struggle to find the right words, or have trouble understanding others. In such cases, immediate medical attention is essential, Leira stresses.Sudden Headache During Physical EffortHeadaches can be tricky for neurologists because there are so many possible causes, many of them harmless. Still, certain types raise red flags. A headache that is extremely intense and appears out of nowhere, rather than building gradually, deserves attention. If it strikes during physical exertion, that concern increases.“If it’s severe, sudden, and linked to effort, it needs to be checked right away,” Leira says, as it could point to something serious like a stroke.Numb Feet And FingersWhen patients report numbness, it most often affects their fingers or toes. “That usually means the nerves aren’t sending signals back to the brain properly,” Dorsch explains. “The nerve may be temporarily stunned, or in some cases, permanently damaged.” This differs from tingling, which tends to suggest irritation rather than loss of signal.The first step is a thorough evaluation to identify which nerves are involved and why. Diabetes is a common cause, but not the only one. Genetic disorders or immune conditions that attack nerves can also be responsible, Dorsch says.A Sense Of Déjà VuAlmost everyone experiences déjà vu now and then. But frequent episodes are a different matter. “If it’s happening regularly, it’s worth getting evaluated,” Dorsch advises. Repeated déjà vu can be an early sign of temporal lobe seizures. He recalls treating a patient who experienced these episodes weekly or every few weeks, far more often than is typical.Difficulty Getting Out Of A Chair On A Regular BasisWith age, stiffness and slower movement are common. Still, certain difficulties stand out. If standing up from a chair becomes a recurring struggle, a medical check-up is important.“It could be joint-related, but we also need to rule out problems with the muscles, nerves, or spinal cord,” Dorsch says. Conditions such as Parkinson’s disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) may be involved. “That’s not something I’d want anyone in my family to ignore.”Changes In VoiceNeurologists watch closely for changes in how someone speaks. One example is hypophonic speech, where the voice becomes unusually soft or breathy, which can be a sign of Parkinson’s disease, says Dr. Alexandru Olaru, a neurologist at University of Maryland St. Joseph Medical Center. Slurred speech, on the other hand, may point to a stroke.Another concerning sign is wet dysarthria, when speech sounds gurgly, often due to saliva or mucus pooling at the back of the throat. “Muscle loss in that area makes it harder to manage saliva,” Olaru explains. Common causes include Parkinson’s disease, ALS, and multiple sclerosis.Persistent Muscle TwitchesOccasional muscle twitching is normal. It can happen anywhere in the body and may even be visible under the skin as small ripples. “You can sometimes feel it if you place your hand over the muscle,” Olaru says. Persistent or widespread twitching, however, may warrant further evaluation.ParanoiaSudden shifts in behaviour or personality can signal neurological disease. Conditions such as autoimmune encephalitis, frontotemporal dementia, or other cognitive disorders may present this way. One frequent example is new-onset paranoia. A person might believe they are being targeted, betrayed, or plotted against, even when there is no logical basis, Cruz-Saavedra says.Neurologists also take note when a typically reserved person becomes unusually talkative or disinhibited. “Some people may develop hypersexual behaviour or make inappropriate remarks,” he adds. Others may change in the opposite direction, becoming withdrawn and quiet. Dementia can also show up as new obsessive behaviours or hoarding, Cruz-Saavedra notes.