One minute you are laughing at a joke, and the next, you are overwhelmed with frustration. People wonder why a comment from a friend, something said in casually, becomes a personal attack all of a sudden. These emotional roller coasters aren't just teenage drama—they have real causes. So, what's really behind these unpredictable shifts in mood? While many associate them with PMS, there's often more to them than just hormonal fluctuations.

Mood swings are rapid, sometimes unexplained changes in emotions, they are a nuisance and can be quite frustrating, not letting you concentrate, connect with people, or even enjoy activities of daily living. If you are on this emotional roller coaster, it may be time to look beyond PMS and the other reasons that are causing these shifting moods.

What Exactly Are Mood Swings?

Mood swings are sudden and intense changes in mood that may leave you feeling happy one moment and irritable or sad the next. Although they are common and generally harmless, they can sometimes interfere with daily life. Mood swings manifest differently for different people—some may experience heightened emotions, others may feel more irritable, and some might struggle with motivation. As common as they seem, knowing what causes them might help you in handling them well.

What Causes Mood Swings?

Mood swings are often regarded as a normal part of growing up, much like changes in body hair or physical development. While they can be frustrating, they usually aren't a cause for concern.

There are many reasons why one might experience mood swings, including stress, irregular sleep patterns, poor eating habits, and social challenges such as misunderstandings with friends or school pressure. However, there's also a scientific reason behind them.

During your teenage years, your brain is developing at a rapid pace. Whether you are choosing a new hair color or questioning personal beliefs, your cognitive abilities are changing. This means your brain is working hard to process emotions, information, and social interactions in new ways. Although this is a healthy and natural process, it can sometimes feel overwhelming, leading to unpredictable mood shifts.

1. Hormonal fluctuations

Hormones have a major influence on emotions, and an imbalance can greatly impact mood. Even though PMS, pregnancy, and menopause are common known causes of hormonal mood swings, changes in estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone levels can affect anyone at any time regardless of gender. During puberty, the "feel-good" neurotransmitter serotonin is produced at a lower level than at any other time in life, making teens especially susceptible to mood swings. This is why adolescence is so often characterized by emotional turmoil.

2. Caffeine and Sugar

Do you have those periods sometimes where after finishing your morning cup of coffee you suddenly get wired up only to crash after an hour? Consuming too much caffeine and sugar creates immediate spurts of release of dopamine and serotonin levels for that euphoria effect but quickly leads to doldrums of a cranky, whiny, anxiety, or sheer fatigue. Now, it is also believed that caffeine somehow influences sleep and leads to mood disorders, so be vigilant with your intake, especially when it triggers moody behavior.

3. Dehydration and Nutrient Deficiencies

Even just a little dehydration changes the cognitive function and mood, and increases irritability, poor concentration and difficulty keeping up with what used to be an easy activity. The worst part is there are studies which show that dehydration encourages angry feelings and fear. In addition, deficiencies in such essential nutrients as magnesium can lead to mood disturbances.

Magnesium is an essential nutrient for the proper functioning of the brain and regulation of mood. Low levels of magnesium have been associated with anxiety and depression. Proper hydration and a balanced diet can stabilize mood swings.

4. Stress and Anxiety

Life's pressures—be it from work, relationships, or personal expectations—can be a huge source of mood swings. Stress triggers the release of cortisol, the body's main stress hormone, which heightens emotional responses. Chronic stress can lead to irritability, anxiety, and even depression. Stressors need to be identified and managed with mindfulness, exercise, and deep breathing.

Also Read: Feeling Moody On Your Periods? These Tips Could Help You Feel Better

5. Fatigue and Sleep Deprivation

Quality sleep is critical to emotional regulation, yet so many individuals suffer from poor rest. Lack of sleep has been proven to hinder the brain's capacity to regulate emotions, making most people hypersensitive, irritable, and prone to mood swings. Lack of quality sleep also interferes with the production of serotonin, making it harder to stabilize the mood. Developing a good sleep habit, avoiding screen time before bedtime, and establishing a calming pre-bed ritual can stabilize mood swings.

6. Underlying mental health conditions

Mood swings that are persistent and interfere with daily life may be a symptom of an underlying mental health disorder. Depression, anxiety disorders, and bipolar disorder often present with fluctuating emotions. If you experience prolonged periods of sadness, are unable to maintain relationships, or have changes in appetite and sleep patterns, it may be time to seek professional guidance. Early intervention and appropriate treatment can make a big difference in managing mood swings related to mental health.

7. Exploration of Identity and Emotional Development

Growing up can be an emotional struggle, particularly at adolescence and in young adulthood. Trying to define personal values, sense of fashion, or whom one would fall in love with may stir emotional battles with self. However much this process is considered to be a part of growing up, it becomes overbearing at times. Therefore, turning to close friends or relatives, as well as therapy sessions, will prove helpful for greater clarification of situations.

How to Manage Mood Swings

Understanding the root cause of your mood swings is the first step in managing them effectively. Here are some strategies to help stabilize emotions:

• Aim for 7-9 hours of quality sleep per night.
• Reduce sugar and caffeine intake, and incorporate magnesium-rich foods like nuts, seeds, and leafy greens.
• Drink at least 8 glasses of water a day to prevent mood-related dehydration.
• Engage in relaxing techniques such as meditation, journaling, or deep breathing.
• Exercise releases endorphins that will naturally help your mood improve.
• If these mood swings overwhelm or persist, consult a therapist or medical doctor.

One of the first impressions we make is from a person’s oral hygiene. How clean their teeth look, if they have any mouth odor, how they eat etc. However, did you know, that your mouth health could also make your heart diseases worse? Could they be the actual reason behind what triggered your heart disease?

New research suggests that the health of your mouth might be connected to the health of your heart. A study found that the fatty clogs in our arteries, known as plaques, often contain bacteria. This hints that a slow, ongoing inflammation caused by these bacteria and our body's reaction to them could be a major factor in heart disease.

According to the American Heart Association, the germs from your mouth can affect your heart? The same bacteria that cause tooth decay and gum disease can travel to other parts of your body, including your heart, potentially leading to serious health problems.

What Is The Connection Between Bacteria and Clogged Arteries?

Plaques are a buildup of fatty stuff inside your arteries, and this is a long-term problem caused by inflammation. For a long time, doctors have wondered if infections play a role in this process. While early studies were promising, giving antibiotics to people with heart disease didn't seem to help much.

This new study proposes a different idea: maybe certain bacteria form a protective "biofilm" inside the plaques, where they sit quietly and cause a low-level inflammation. This biofilm might hide the bacteria from our immune system and make them resistant to antibiotics. Over time, this quiet infection could turn a stable plaque into a dangerous one that could rupture and cause a heart attack.

How Does Oral Bacteria Affect Heart Health?

A type of bacteria called viridans streptococci has been found in these plaques. These bacteria normally live in our mouths and are involved in forming dental plaque. They often get into the bloodstream during dental procedures. The study found that:

• Over half of the plaques from the people studied contained bacteria.
• The most common type of bacteria was the one from the mouth, found in about 42% of the samples.
• The presence of these mouth bacteria was directly linked to severe artery problems and death from heart disease.

The research showed that these bacteria weren't just passing through the arteries; they were setting up a little community—a biofilm—inside the plaques. This biofilm acted like a shield, protecting the bacteria from our immune system.

But when a plaque breaks open, which is what causes a heart attack, the bacteria inside the biofilm get out. This triggers a huge immune response that can weaken the plaque's outer layer, leading to a blood clot that blocks blood flow to the heart.

Is This a New Way To Fight Heart Diseases?

The study concludes that these mouth bacteria are not harmless. Instead, a hidden, long-term bacterial infection in the form of a dormant biofilm may be what turns a stable plaque into a dangerous one. This finding highlights how important inflammation is in heart disease and could lead to new ways to diagnose and prevent it in the future.

Hair is one of the key aspects of a person’s look. A simple haircut can completely change the way you look. So, you can imagine how losing one’s hair can affect them. While it happens to many people, it can completely change the way they view themselves. Although it is a normal part of aging, many men face this challenge from a young age due to many reasons like genetics, male-patterned baldness etc.

While there are ways you can tackle major hair loss like hair transplant, not everyone can afford it. However, a new drug called PP405 might be a game-changer for baldness. Instead of just slowing down hair loss, this new topical drug actually helps "wake up" your hair follicles that have gone to sleep. In early tests, it showed promising results, making hair thicker for some people who used it. If this treatment works in bigger trials, it could be a whole new way to fight baldness.

How the New Hair Growth Drug Works?

The new drug, PP405, is a topical cream that you apply to the scalp. It's different from older treatments because it doesn't just try to slow down hair loss. Instead, it works by waking up the hair follicles that have become dormant, or "asleep." Scientists found that in many people with hair loss, the stem cells in their hair follicles aren't dead—they've just stopped working. This new drug specifically targets these dormant cells to get them growing hair again.

In an early study, led by dermatologist Qing Yu Christina Weng, MD, chief medical officer of Pelage Pharmaceuticals, the results were very promising: some patients saw their hair become more than 20% thicker. The new hair wasn't just thin, "baby hair"; it was thick, mature hair. A key safety feature is that the drug is designed to get into the skin where it's needed without being absorbed into the rest of the body.

Can You Regrow Hair With Medicine?

Dermatologists are excited about the new drug's potential because it offers a completely new way to treat hair loss. However, they are also being cautious. The study so far was small and short, and the results haven't been fully checked by other scientists yet. The drug still needs to go through much larger studies, which could take a few years.

Right now, the only FDA-approved treatments for hair loss are finasteride and a topical solution called minoxidil. While doctors sometimes use an oral version of minoxidil, these treatments don't work for everyone, especially for those with severe hair loss. This leaves many people with limited options, often turning to expensive and unproven treatments like special injections or lasers.

Does The New Hair Growth Drug Work?

If PP405 passes its larger trials, it could be a huge breakthrough. It would be the first new FDA-approved hair loss treatment in over 25 years. This could be especially helpful for people who have more severe hair loss and haven't had success with other medications.

The researchers also believe this drug might one day be used to treat other types of hair loss, such as hair thinning caused by certain medications or hormonal changes. However, experts say that before the drug is used for other conditions, it must be thoroughly tested in larger groups of people to prove it is safe and effective.

Your skincare shelf might be quietly sabotaging your glow—and you don’t even know it. Think about it: the same cream you swipe on at 7 a.m. is also applied at 11 p.m. But your skin isn’t static; it’s a living, breathing organ with different priorities depending on the time of day. Morning skin is on defense, battling sunlight, pollution, and blue light, while nighttime skin is in repair mode, regenerating and replenishing. Using the same products both times may be convenient, but convenience could come at the cost of healthier, radiant skin.

Skincare seems simple on the surface—wash, moisturize, repeat. Many of us follow the same routine morning and night, believing that if a product works once, it works all day. But according to dermatologist Dr. Vikram Lahoria, this approach may be doing more harm than good. Your skin operates on a circadian rhythm, and the way it behaves during the day differs significantly from its nighttime activities. Understanding these differences—and adjusting your routine accordingly can be the difference between healthy, glowing skin and clogged pores, premature aging, or irritation.

How Your Morning Skincare Is A Shield?

Dr. Lahoria explains, “During the day, your skin is exposed to sunlight, pollution, dust, and even the blue light from screens. Its main role is protection. That’s why your morning routine should focus on creating a barrier against these environmental stressors.”

A typical morning routine starts with a gentle cleanser to remove oils and sweat accumulated overnight. This is followed by a light, hydrating moisturizer that won’t feel greasy or clog pores. The most crucial step in your AM routine is sunscreen. No matter the weather, SPF shields your skin from UV rays, reducing the risk of premature aging, pigmentation, and even skin cancer.

Adding an antioxidant serum, particularly one with vitamin C, can further protect against free radicals generated by pollution and UV exposure. “Think of it as giving your skin armor before stepping into the world,” says Dr. Lahoria.

How Your Night Skincare Is To Heal and Recharge?

Once the sun sets and the day winds down, your skin switches gears. “Nighttime is when your skin works hardest to repair itself,” Dr. Lahoria notes. Without sunlight and environmental stressors, skin cells can focus on regeneration and replenishment.

Night creams and serums are designed to support this process. Ingredients like retinol, peptides, hyaluronic acid, and glycolic acid target fine lines, improve texture, and lock in moisture. A thorough cleanse is essential before applying these products to remove makeup, sweat, and dirt that could block pores overnight.

“Nighttime is when your skin absorbs products most efficiently. The lack of UV exposure means potent actives like retinol can work without the risk of sun-induced irritation,” explains Dr. Lahoria.

Why Using the Same Products All Day Can Backfire?

Using identical products morning and night ignores the skin’s shifting priorities. “It’s like feeding your body the same meal for breakfast and dinner,” says Dr. Lahoria. “In the morning, your skin needs protection. At night, it needs repair. One product cannot optimally serve both functions.”

Daytime exposure to retinoids or AHAs, for instance, can increase sensitivity to sunlight, potentially causing irritation, pigmentation, or damage. Conversely, using sunscreen at night is unnecessary, and while it won’t harm your skin, it doesn’t contribute to repair either. Tailoring your routine ensures that ingredients work when they are most effective, rather than canceling each other out or creating unintended side effects.

Why The Order of Products Is Important?

Timing is not the only consideration—the order in which you apply your skincare products matters too. Dr. Lahoria advises layering from thinnest to thickest. This ensures lightweight serums penetrate deeply before being sealed in by heavier creams or oils. Incorrect layering can hinder absorption or even reduce the efficacy of active ingredients.

For example, a vitamin C serum should be applied before moisturizer, while a heavier night cream should go last. By following this approach, each product can work as intended, maximizing benefits without waste or interference.

Personalising Your Routine to Your Skin’s Clock

Your skin, like your body, has a circadian rhythm. During the day, its priority is defense; at night, it focuses on repair. “Ever wonder why your skin behaves differently in the morning than it does at night? That’s your internal clock at work,” Dr. Lahoria points out.

Adjusting your routine according to this natural rhythm ensures your skin gets the right nutrients at the right time. In the morning, protect; at night, repair. Over time, this approach improves skin health, prevents premature aging, and enhances the results from the products you invest in.

Morning and Night Routine Tips

Dr. Lahoria summarizes an effective framework:

Morning:

• Gentle cleanser to remove overnight oils
• Light moisturizer for hydration
• SPF to protect against UV damage
• Optional antioxidant serum for pollution defense

Night:

• Thorough cleanse to remove dirt, makeup, and pollutants
• Serums or creams containing retinol, peptides, hyaluronic acid, or glycolic acid
• Night cream to lock in moisture and support cell repair

Following these guidelines ensures that your skin is supported according to its natural needs, rather than treated with a one-size-fits-all approach.

Skincare is not just about selecting the “right” products—it’s also about using them at the right time. Dr. Lahoria concludes, “Your morning and evening routines should act like a tag team. Each plays its role in protecting, repairing, and energizing your skin. Your clock isn’t just ticking, it’s guiding your glow.”

By understanding your skin’s natural cycles, choosing the right ingredients for day and night, and applying them in the correct order, you ensure your skin remains healthy, radiant, and resilient—without unnecessary irritation or damage.

Dr. Vikram Lahoria is a consultant dermatologist and medical advisor at Ceuticoz in India