Air Quality Numbers Explained: As pollution in Delhi continues to rise without pause, residents are constantly checking the AQI levels to decide when it might be safe to step outdoors. Air Quality Index (AQI) figures now dominate headlines and social media updates, yet many still do not understand what these numbers actually mean for their health. Is an AQI of 180 cause for concern? Should you skip your morning jog when it touches 250? What do these AQI readings really represent, and at what point does the air become unsafe to breathe outside?What Is the Air Quality Index?The Air Quality Index (AQI) is a numerical scale used by environmental agencies to measure pollution levels in the air and communicate those findings to the public. A higher AQI means a greater proportion of people are likely to experience harmful health effects. Measuring AQI involves collecting data on pollutant concentrations over a set time period using air monitoring equipment. These results are then divided into ranges, each assigned a color, description, and public health message as per the System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting and Research (SAFAR).Historically, most regions around the world have used the model created by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It uses a segmented linear function to translate pollutant concentrations into AQI values. When several pollutants are recorded at a monitoring site, the highest hourly AQI reading is reported for that location. However, pollution sources and types vary from country to country, so the exact composition of pollutants may differ even when AQI values appear similar.Air Quality Index in IndiaIndia’s National Air Quality Index (NAQI) was introduced by the Minister for Environment, Forests & Climate Change, Shri Prakash Javadekar, on 17 September 2014. The initiative is part of the government’s effort to promote a “culture of cleanliness,” responding to the country’s growing air pollution problem, especially in densely populated cities.The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) manages the National Air Monitoring Programme (NAMP), which operates across 240 cities. The system was developed by the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur (IIT Kanpur), and provides real-time air quality data accessible to the public. You can check these updates on the CPCB’s official website.How Do the Air Quality Numbers Work?Understanding AQI is simple once you know the six main categories: Good, Satisfactory, Moderately Polluted, Poor, Very Poor, and Severe. Each range corresponds to specific health impacts.0–100 (Good): The air is safe for most people.101–200 (Moderate to Poor): Sensitive groups such as children, the elderly, and those with lung or heart conditions may experience mild discomfort.201–300 (Very Poor): The air becomes unhealthy for everyone, possibly causing irritation, fatigue, or breathing difficulties.Above 300 (Severe): The air is considered hazardous, and protective steps should be taken immediately.As per AirNow, India’s CPCB tracks and updates AQI levels in real time through the National Air Quality Monitoring Programme, helping citizens stay informed about local air conditions.When Is It Safe To Step Outside?There is no need to panic every time air quality drops, but it is wise to adjust your outdoor activity based on daily AQI readings.When AQI Is Good or Satisfactory (0–100):You can safely spend time outdoors, exercise, and keep your home ventilated. The risk to the general population is minimal.When AQI Is Moderate or Poor (101–200):People who are more vulnerable—such as children, older adults, and those with asthma or heart conditions—should limit strenuous outdoor activities. Wearing an N95 or FFP2 mask while commuting can help reduce exposure to fine particles.When AQI Is Very Poor (201–300):Everyone should try to stay indoors more often. Avoid outdoor workouts or walks, especially early in the morning. Keep doors and windows closed, and use air purifiers if available. Indoor plants such as peace lilies and snake plants can slightly improve indoor air quality.When AQI Is Severe (300+):Remain indoors as much as possible and avoid physical activity outside. If you experience chest tightness, wheezing, or difficulty breathing, seek medical help promptly.As the smog season settles in, small and consistent steps, like staying informed, wearing a mask, and improving indoor air can make a real difference. Cleaner air depends on collective effort, but protecting your health begins with awareness and mindful daily choices. Learn to read the AQI numbers, know when it is safe to step outside, and if you must, mask up and stay safe.
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