It’s almost second nature to reach for a painkiller the moment we feel a headache, backache, or joint pain. Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines like paracetamol or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen, diclofenac, or naproxen are often our first line of relief.While these drugs can be highly effective when taken correctly, using them too often or in large amounts may quietly harm your kidneys. To understand this better, we spoke with Dr. Ranjeet Singh, Professor and Head of General Medicine at NIIMS Medical College and Hospital, who explained the possible risks in detail.What Are NSAIDs?NSAIDs, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, are a group of medicines that help reduce pain, inflammation, and fever. Unlike steroids, they target the chemicals in your body that trigger pain and swelling. They are often used to ease conditions like arthritis, muscle strain, and headaches. Common examples include aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen, available both with and without a prescription, according to the Cleveland Clinic.Painkillers And Kidney Failure: Is It Possible?The kidneys serve as the body’s natural filtration system, removing excess fluids and waste. Dr. Ranjeet Singh explained, “NSAIDs block certain chemicals called prostaglandins that cause pain and inflammation. However, these same chemicals also help maintain healthy blood flow to the kidneys. When prostaglandin levels stay blocked for too long, the kidneys may receive less blood, which affects how well they filter.” Over time, this reduced blood flow can lead to analgesic nephropathy, a chronic form of kidney damage linked to long-term painkiller use.Which Pain Medications Can Damage Your Kidneys?Taking any pain medication irresponsibly, whether it’s aspirin, ibuprofen, acetaminophen, NSAIDs, or prescription opioids, can raise the risk of kidney damage. The biggest concern arises from consuming doses that are too high or using these medicines for longer than advised.Among OTC options, NSAIDs carry the highest potential for long-term harm. Regular or excessive use may cause progressive kidney damage or even sudden kidney failure.In fact, a 2019 study involving more than 764,000 U.S. Army personnel found that those who took over seven doses of NSAIDs per month had a noticeably higher chance of developing acute or chronic kidney disease.Painkillers and Kidney Health: Who Is at Higher Risk?According to Dr. Ranjeet Singh, certain groups are more vulnerable to kidney damage from painkillers:People with existing kidney disease or diabetesOlder adultsIndividuals who are dehydrated or taking diuretics (commonly called “water pills”)Those who frequently use more than one type of painkillerWarning Signs to Watch ForPay attention to these symptoms, which could point to kidney problems:Unusual tiredness or weaknessSwelling around the eyes or in the legsReduced urine outputNausea, vomiting, or loss of appetiteIf you experience any of these, see a doctor right away.Painkillers: Safe Use TipsAlways use the lowest dose that works, and for the shortest time possible.Never combine different painkillers unless your doctor advises it.Keep yourself well hydrated.Consult your doctor before taking painkillers regularly, especially if you have an ongoing health condition.Painkillers can be helpful when used correctly, but long-term or high-dose use can quietly harm your kidneys. If you often find yourself depending on these medicines, it is best to talk to a healthcare professional, your kidneys will thank you later.Disclaimer: The information in this article is meant for general awareness and should not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before taking or changing any medication, especially if you have an existing health condition.
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