Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide, and its increasing incidence has sparked global concern. While many factors, such as genetics, play a role in breast cancer risk, a growing body of research shows that lifestyle choices, particularly diet and exercise, can significantly reduce the risk.

According to the American Cancer Society, 1 in 8 women will develop breast cancer in their lifetime. However, adopting healthy habits may help lower this statistic. Studies published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology highlight the link between diet, physical activity, and reduced breast cancer risk.

Diet and Its Impact on Breast Cancer Risk

A well-balanced diet can be a powerful tool in reducing the risk of breast cancer.

Foods That Lower the Risk:

- Fruits and Vegetables: A diet rich in fruits and vegetables, particularly cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, kale, and cauliflower, provides antioxidants that fight free radicals in the body, which can help prevent cancer cells from growing.

- Fiber-rich Foods: Whole grains, legumes, and seeds like flaxseeds are excellent sources of fiber. Research in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition shows that a high-fiber diet can reduce estrogen levels, which is key in lowering breast cancer risk.

- Healthy Fats: Omega-3 fatty acids found in fish like salmon, mackerel, and plant sources such as walnuts and flaxseeds have been shown to reduce inflammation, a contributing factor to cancer development.

Foods to Avoid:

- Processed and Red Meat: Studies suggest that consuming large amounts of processed meats and red meats can increase the risk of breast cancer due to high levels of saturated fats and carcinogenic compounds formed during processing and cooking.

- Alcohol: Regular alcohol consumption, even in moderate amounts, is linked to an increased risk of breast cancer. It's essential to limit intake, as even one drink per day can raise risk levels.

Exercise and Breast Cancer Prevention

Physical activity not only aids in maintaining a healthy weight but also plays a crucial role in regulating hormones that influence breast cancer development, including estrogen and insulin.

Exercises That Help:

- Cardio Workouts: Regular aerobic exercises such as walking, jogging, cycling, or swimming have been found to lower the risk of breast cancer by 20-30%, according to research published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.

- Strength Training: Resistance exercises, such as weight lifting, help maintain muscle mass and reduce body fat, both important factors in reducing cancer risk.

Exercises to Avoid:

While no exercises directly harm breast health, women who have undergone treatments such as mastectomies or lumpectomies should avoid heavy upper-body lifting immediately after surgery to allow the body time to heal. Always consult with a physician before engaging in strenuous activity post-surgery.

Key Lifestyle Tips for Lowering Breast Cancer Risk

- Maintain a Healthy Weight: Obesity is a major risk factor for breast cancer, particularly after menopause. Regular monitoring of your Body Mass Index (BMI) and incorporating a balanced diet can help in managing weight effectively.

- Stay Physically Active: Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous exercise weekly, combined with strength training exercises.

- Limit Alcohol: As mentioned earlier, limiting alcohol intake can reduce your breast cancer risk significantly.

“Prevention starts with awareness. By making conscious choices about what we eat and how we move, we have the power to reduce our breast cancer risk. A healthy lifestyle is not only about prolonging life but enhancing its quality, so let’s make those small changes today for a healthier tomorrow.”

Incorporating these tips into your daily routine can go a long way in reducing the risk of breast cancer and fostering overall well-being. Let's make health a priority for ourselves and the women we care about.

Emergency rooms are handing out significantly fewer opioid prescriptions to people experiencing lower back pain. Researchers reported in the Annals of Emergency Medicine on July 12 that the rate of opioid prescriptions for back pain in ERs dropped by more than half between 2016 and 2022.

Dramatic Decline in Opioid Prescribing

Just a few years ago, in 2016, almost one out of every three visits to the ER for back pain ended with a prescription for opioid painkillers. But by 2022, that number had fallen dramatically to just over one in ten visits. This big drop means that doctors are learning from the available information and changing the way they practice medicine, especially as more people become aware of the widespread problems caused by opioid addiction. It's a positive sign that medical professionals are actively working to curb the opioid crisis.

Understanding the Study and Patient Experience

To figure this out, researchers looked at records from nearly 53 million ER visits for low back pain that happened between 2016 and 2022. These records were gathered by a national health statistics centre. The study found that when people went to the ER for back pain, they were usually in a lot of discomfort, rating their pain at more than 7 out of 10. On average, they had to wait about 37 minutes before a doctor saw them and spent around four hours in the emergency room getting treatment.

Why Opioid Usage Is Risky For Patients

A 2023 study even found that opioids may not be as effective for back pain. Published in the JAMA network, a 2023 study conducted a trial on those who were experiencing back pain. The trial involved 347 adults who had been experiencing pain for up to 12 weeks. Everyone in the study received standard care, which included reassurance, advice to avoid bed rest, and encouragement to stay active. Half of the participants also received a combination of oxycodone and naloxone (an opioid), while the other half received a placebo (a dummy pill).

The study also revealed that while side effects were similar for both groups, there was a significant difference in the risk of opioid misuse. One year later, 20% of the participants who took opioids were at risk of misusing them, compared to only 10% of those who received the placebo. This suggests that even for short-term pain relief, opioids carry a greater risk of future misuse.

NSAIDs Emerge as Preferred Treatment

Now, when you go to the ER with low back pain, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, often called NSAIDs (like ibuprofen), are the most common painkillers prescribed. They're given to almost 29% of patients. It's not just about prescriptions either; fewer patients are actually given opioids while they are being treated in the ER. That number went down from 35% of cases in 2016 to less than 25% by 2020, showing a clear shift away from immediate opioid use during emergency care for back pain.

Next Issues People Must Tackle

Even though there's good progress with reducing opioids, ER doctors still have some areas where they could improve how they treat back pain. For example, many patients with back pain are still getting X-rays that they don't really need. In 2022, about 37% of patients had an X-ray, which is pretty much the same as in 2015. In fact, in 2021, almost 44% of cases involved an X-ray, which was the highest rate. It's tough to get this number down because deciding whether to order an X-ray can be complicated and depends on what both the doctor and the patient think is best.

Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is a rare type of cancer that can quietly grow in the connective tissues of the body—such as fat, muscles, nerves, blood vessels, or beneath the skin. Although it represents less than 1% of all cancers, its quiet nature often leads to late detection, making treatment more challenging.

When a Lump Deserves Closer Attention

It’s common for people to dismiss a lump under the skin as harmless—perhaps a cyst or muscle knot. However, some features can indicate something more serious. You should consult a doctor if the lump is:

• Larger than 5 cm (roughly the size of a golf ball),
• Located deep under the muscle,
• Firm and doesn’t move easily,
• Or steadily increasing in size.

Pain is not always present in the early stages. Often, discomfort only appears when the lump starts pressing against nearby nerves or tissues. Unfortunately, the absence of pain can lead to delayed diagnosis.

*Aryan’s Story: The Power of Acting Quickly

Twelve-year-old a=Aryan's parents noticed a firm swelling on his thigh. At first, they thought it was a sports injury as he had a recent fall while playing football. Since it didn’t hurt, they waited. But the lump continued to grow. When Aryan finally underwent imaging, doctors diagnosed him with a high-grade synovial sarcoma.

It was a heart-wrenching moment no parent is ready for. Yet, prompt medical attention changed everything. Aryan received surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation over several months. Now, two years later, he’s cancer-free and back on the football field. His story is a powerful testament to timely diagnosis, expert medical care, and quiet strength.

Diagnosing STS: A Careful, Coordinated Approach

Diagnosing soft tissue sarcoma involves multiple steps:

• MRI or CT scans to assess the tumour’s size and how far it has spread.
• A biopsy, performed or guided by a cancer specialist, to avoid compromising future surgery.
• PET-CT scans in aggressive cases to check if the cancer has spread.

It’s crucial to involve a specialized sarcoma team—surgical, medical, and radiation oncologists—for accurate diagnosis and an effective treatment plan.

Treatment: Experience Matters

The main treatment for STS is surgery to remove the tumor completely. Depending on the type and grade of the sarcoma, doctors may recommend radiation or chemotherapy before or after the operation.

For advanced or metastatic sarcomas, new therapies such as targeted drugs and immunotherapy are sometimes used. Research shows that outcomes are significantly better when patients are treated at specialised sarcoma centres.

Don’t Ignore a Suspicious Lump

Most lumps are harmless. But overlooking a cancerous one could be life-changing. If a lump is growing, unusual, or doesn’t go away—get it checked.

Golden rule: “If it’s growing, deep, or persistent—see a doctor.”

*Names have been changed to protect the identity of the individual.

Doctors may soon have a powerful new tool to help catch a serious eye disease caused by diabetes. Researchers have created an AI-powered retina tracker that is incredibly accurate at finding diabetic retinopathy, a condition that can lead to blindness. In a news release by the Endocrine Society, researchers detail how this new AI technology revolutionizes health and eye care, bringing it to the next level.

Fast, Accurate, and Accessible Eye Screening

This new program, called the Simple Mobile AI Retina Tracker (SMART), showed over 99% accuracy in its ability to screen for diabetic retinopathy. This impressive result was announced recently at a medical conference.

SMART uses advanced AI to quickly and accurately look at images of the retina – the light-sensing part at the back of your eye. What makes it truly special is that it can work on any device with internet access, even basic smartphones.

This means eye specialists can screen patients more easily and quickly. It also allows general doctors to include eye exams during regular visits. Most importantly, it helps bring high-quality eye checks to places where there aren't many eye doctors.

Tackling Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy is a condition where tiny blood vessels in the eye leak and damage the retina. It's a major cause of blinedness that could be prevented, affecting over 100 million people worldwide.

To develop SMART, researchers trained the AI using thousands of retinal images from a diverse group of patients across six continents. When they tested the AI on new images, it could detect diabetic retinopathy almost every time, processing each image in less than one second. The tracker could also tell the difference between diabetic retinopathy and other eye conditions.

Symptoms And Issues Associated With Diabetic Retinopathy

According to the US National Eye Institute, Diabetic retinopathy is an eye problem that can affect anyone with diabetes. It happens when high blood sugar damages the tiny blood vessels in your retina, the light-sensing part at the back of your eye. Early detection and managing your diabetes are key to protecting your vision.

Diabetes harms blood vessels throughout your entire body. In your eyes, this damage begins when high blood sugar changes the tiny blood vessels that feed your retina. These changes make it harder for blood to flow, leading to some blood vessels getting blocked or starting to leak fluid or blood.

Warning Signs

In its early stages, you usually won't notice any problems with your vision. However, some people might notice subtle changes, like difficulty reading or seeing things far away. These changes might even come and go.

As the condition gets worse, blood vessels in your retina can start to bleed into the jelly-like fluid that fills your eye. If this happens, you might see dark, floating spots or streaks, almost like cobwebs. Sometimes these spots clear up on their own, but it's crucial to get medical help right away. If left untreated, scars can form at the back of your eye, or the bleeding might start again or get worse.

Who Will This New AI Help?

Developing this new AI has the potential to make eye care available to a vast number of people globally, simply by using mobile technology. Experts believe this innovation could screen billions worldwide, significantly cutting down vision loss from diabetic retinopathy. It could also completely change how healthcare is provided.

Anyone with diabetes can get diabetic retinopathy, whether they have type 1, type 2, or gestational diabetes (diabetes that develops during pregnancy).

Your risk goes up the longer you've had diabetes. In fact, over half of people with diabetes will develop diabetic retinopathy eventually. The good news is that you can significantly lower your risk by keeping your blood sugar levels under control.

Women with diabetes who become pregnant, or those who develop gestational diabetes, are at a higher risk. If you have diabetes and are pregnant, you should get a full eye exam with dilated pupils as soon as possible.

This research highlights how AI can be a positive force, helping to bridge gaps in medical care and offering hope to millions who are at risk of losing their sight.