Pneumonia is one of the most common infections that was responsible for 14% of all deaths in children under the age of five, influencing the death of 740,180 children in 2019. It is a form of acute respiration infection that affects the lungs, making it difficult or painful to breathe. The Centers of Disease Control and Prevention statistics explain that the number of visits to the emergency department due to pneumonia happens to be 1.4 million people in 2021.

The symptoms and effects of pneumonia can be mild like coughing, shortness of breath to fever, chest pains nausea, vomiting or diarrhea. However, since the infection can be severe, doctors must treat them with urgency. To help them identify severe cases quicker, a new study published in the Lancet May 2025, reveals new models that can help doctors distinguish severe cases from the moderate ones.

Can This Help Lower The Risk Of Pneumonia

The researchers made an interesting discovery about common cold symptoms. They found that if a child has a runny nose and feels stuffed up, they are actually less likely to have a more serious type of pneumonia. In fact, the chances are lower by quite a bit! On the other hand, the study also pointed out some warning signs that suggest a child might have severe pneumonia.

The research showed that some common cold symptoms, like a runny nose and congestion, actually means a child is less likely (by 41%) to have a more serious form of pneumonia. On the other hand, certain signs like stomach pain, difficulty breathing, a fast heartbeat, and low oxygen levels in the blood point to a higher chance of severe pneumonia in children.

The study pointed out that doctors haven't had a good way to know for sure which of these children are in danger of getting much sicker. This new research is trying to fix that problem by giving doctors better tools to quickly identify the kids who need the most help right away.

Symptoms That Identified Mild from Severe Pneumonia

The researchers analyzed 2,200 children between the age bracket of 3 months and 14 years of age. The symptoms that were associated with increased risk of moderate or severe pneumonia

• Children with stomach pain had a significantly higher chance (52%) of having moderate or severe pneumonia.
• Kids who wouldn't drink fluids also faced a greater likelihood (57%) of a more serious pneumonia case.
• If a child had already been given antibiotics before coming to the emergency room, their risk of moderate or severe pneumonia was notably higher (64%).
• Labored breathing made the risk of moderate or severe pneumonia almost three times (2.8 times) as high.
• A faster than normal heartbeat also indicated a considerably increased risk (64%) of more serious pneumonia.

Pneumonia's Impact on Children's Health

Pneumonia is not just a minor illness; it's actually one of the most common infections that affects children all across the globe. It's also a very frequent reason why children in the United States end up needing to be admitted to the hospital. This shows just how important it is for doctors and scientists to really understand pneumonia and find the best ways to diagnose it, treat it, and even predict how serious it might become for each child who gets it.

Researchers pointed out that said that while most kids who get pneumonia will thankfully have a milder form of the illness, there's a small group, about 5 out of every 100 children, who will become very sick and might develop serious health problems. It's absolutely crucial for doctors to be able to spot these children very early on. This way, they can start strong and fast treatments to stop their condition from getting worse and potentially causing long-term issues.

Impact of This Study On Pneumonia Care

Being able to tell how severe a child's pneumonia will be doesn't just help the very sick kids. It can also help the kids who are likely to have a milder illness. If doctors can confidently say that a child's pneumonia is not serious, they can avoid doing extra medical tests that might not be needed. They can also prevent the child from having to stay in the hospital if it's not really necessary, which can be a big relief for both the child and their family.

One of the hardest things many people go through is losing their memories. Slowly forgetting your loved ones, the memories that you formed with them, essentially losing a huge part of yourself and this disease is sadly not an uncommon one. Dementia affects millions of people thought the globe. The World Health Organization said 57 million people all over the world had dementia in 2021, with nearly 10 million new cases every year.

One of the most unfortunate parts of this disease is that the causes of it are now well known, new studies are done regularly to find out things that affect dementia, early signs and cures as well. However, till date, the best way to tackle this disease is by catching its early signs and slowing down the disease.

Spotting the first signs of dementia can be tough, but a quick 60-second test might reveal if you have mild cognitive impairment, which can sometimes lead to the condition. This tests is explained in a 2007 article published the journal Psychiatry. This simple test involves naming as many items as you can within a chosen category.

Category Naming" Test

This easy test simply asks you to pick a common category, for example, animals, and then try to name as many different objects or types of animals that fit into that group as quickly as you can. A study from 2007 suggested that if you can name over 21 things, you are probably fine. However, if you struggle to name 15 or more, it could mean you have cognitive impairment, which significantly increases your risk of Alzheimer's disease—potentially by 20 times.

"Letter Word" Test

Another useful variation of this quick mental check involves asking you to say as many words as you can that begin with a specific letter, such as "F," all within a strict one-minute timeframe. Combining the results from this "letter word" test with the "category naming" test can provide valuable hints about the specific type of memory or thinking problem someone might be experiencing. For instance, if you find it noticeably harder to list words starting with "F" compared to naming items in a group, it could point towards vascular dementia.

Mini-Cog Test

Researchers have also described a third helpful assessment called the Mini-Cog test. This test involves two simple steps: first, you're asked to remember three unrelated words, and then you draw a clock face. After drawing the clock, you are asked to recall the three words. If you can easily remember all the words, it generally suggests your memory is good and you likely don't have dementia. If you only remember one or two words, the accuracy of your clock drawing then becomes a crucial factor in the assessment.

Why Early Detection Matters

It's estimated that around one million people in the UK are currently living with dementia, but a significant portion, about one-third, haven't been officially diagnosed. Identifying the underlying diseases that cause dementia at an early stage is incredibly important. Early diagnosis allows individuals to access vital treatments and support services sooner, which can help manage symptoms, improve their quality of life, and allow them to plan for the future more effectively.

For decades, gut health was treated as a special issue but as research keeps revealing the central role that the gut microbiome plays in everything from immunity to mood, the world is now taking notice. Some of the same habits that individuals form under the banner of health and wellness may be quietly sabotaging the microbial ecosystem inside, an ecosystem so important that researchers now call it a "second brain."

From sugar-free treats to fad diets, numerous "clean living" habits might be doing more harm than good. Let's understand the overlooked risks hidden behind these healthy-looking habits and see how you can help your gut thrive for years to come.

Ultra-Processed "Health" Foods

That protein bar you stash in your gym bag? That low-calorie snack you munch between Zoom meetings? Although they might look like good decisions, many ultra-processed foods have a health halo that's partially illusory. Foods with "diet-friendly" or "low-fat" labels tend to use emulsifiers, artificial sweeteners, preservatives, and other additives for shelf life extension or flavor enhancement — but these substances wreak havoc on the gut microbiome.

Scientific research has demonstrated that widespread additives such as polysorbate 80 and carboxymethylcellulose — often contained in processed snacks — will change microbial makeup and enhance intestinal permeability, otherwise known as "leaky gut." Such a condition will potentially lead to increased vulnerability for inflammatory disease, metabolic illness, and even mood instability.

Antibiotics are certainly life-saving when prescribed rightly. But the excess usage and misuse of these drugs have resulted in extensive collateral damage. Antibiotics aren't finicky they decimate good gut bacteria along with bad germs, rendering your microbiome weak and depleted.

Frequent use of antibiotics, particularly for viral infections (which antibiotics are ineffective for), is linked with long-term microbial imbalance. This can lead the way to gastrointestinal ailments, compromised immunity, and repeated infections.

Rather than resorting to antibiotics, try a "watch and wait" for low-level infections. Ask your doctor whether medication is really needed, and if prescribed, take the antibiotic course together with probiotics — before, during, and after treatment — to restore healthy bacteria.

Why Restrictive Dieting Might Be To Blame?

In the keto, paleo, Whole30, and elimination diets age, "clean eating" has come to equate with eliminating entire food groups. Though a temporary restriction here or there may aid in the determination of food sensitivities, extended elimination of a varied group of plant foods will deprive the microbiome of the fiber and polyphenols necessary for health.

Microbial diversity is a keystone of good gut health. A study from the American Gut Project reveals that individuals eating 30+ diverse plant foods per week possess more resilient and diverse microbiomes compared to those eating restrictive diets. Diversity isn't simply eating more fruits and vegetables — it's also adding legumes, nuts, seeds, whole grains, and fermented foods.

Why Artificial Sweeteners Are Not So Sweet for Your Gut?

Sugar substitutes can be helpful for keeping calories in check, but some research has concluded that non-nutritive sweeteners sucralose and aspartame can upset the balance and function of gut bacteria. Such alterations impair glucose tolerance, disrupt insulin sensitivity, and ironically lead to weight gain — the exact opposite of what many are trying to prevent by using these products.

Alternatives are best in the form of small quantities of natural sweeteners such as raw honey or maple syrup or less invasive alternatives like monk fruit extract. Even better, habituate your taste buds to love the natural sweetness within whole foods, bypassing the need for added sugars altogether.

Are Cooking Oils A Hidden Gut Barrier Threat?

We’re often told to avoid saturated fats in favor of vegetable oils like corn, canola, and soybean oil — but this advice might come with unintended consequences. These oils, often refined and rich in omega-6 fatty acids, have been associated with increased inflammation, particularly when consumed in excess.

Inflammation damages the gut lining and disrupts barrier function, which in turn leads to various chronic conditions. On the other hand, unprocessed oils like extra virgin olive oil, avocado oil, and ghee have bioactive molecules that maintain gut integrity and have anti-inflammatory action.

How to Rebuild a Healthier Gut?

If you’re realizing your well-intentioned habits may have damaged your microbiome, don’t despair. The gut is remarkably resilient — given the right environment, it can bounce back.

Begin by boosting the amount of fiber-dense, plant-based foods in your diet. Add fermented foods such as yogurt, kefir, kimchi, sauerkraut, and miso, which bring in beneficial probiotics. Cut back on artificial sweeteners, processed foods, and inflammatory oils. Supplement your gut lining with L-glutamine, zinc, and omega-3 fatty acids.

Lastly, take care of stress, exercise your body often, and sleep well. These lifestyle factors also affect your gut reminding us that health is never solely about what we consume.

Healthy trends are tantalizing, they deliver quick gains and easy fixes in a world that is getting more complicated by the minute but when it comes to the gut, shortcuts only end in reverse. A really healthy gut takes more than supplements and low-calorie marks — it thrives on balance, diversity, and consistency.

What's it like to live with ADHD or dyslexia or know how a neurodivergent friend actually feels in their mind-not just the textbook definitions, but the day-to-day emotional rollercoaster? In Chris Packham’s groundbreaking new documentary, Inside Our ADHD Minds, we’re invited into the lives of Henry and Jo, two individuals navigating the invisible yet overwhelming terrain of neurodivergence.

Henry, a vibrant tour guide in Soho, speaks with honesty about forgetting to eat, losing track of time, and the deep fear that even those closest to him don’t truly understand who he is. Then there’s Jo, whose story hits a different chord. After 14 career changes and years of being labeled “too much,” it took her daughter’s comment to spark the realization that ADHD might have been part of her life story all along.

What follows in the documentary is not just awareness it’s a revelation. With stunning personal films, expert insights, and Chris Packham’s own neurodivergent lens guiding the way, Inside Our ADHD Minds dismantles stereotypes and replaces them with empathy, clarity, and humanity. This isn’t just about attention or hyperactivity it’s about identity, grief, resilience, and the need to be truly seen.

the two-part documentary series offers an emotionally intelligent and deeply personal exploration into the minds of individuals living with ADHD and dyslexia. It’s a follow-up to Packham’s earlier acclaimed project, Inside Our Autistic Minds, and again leans into empathy, science, and storytelling to deepen public understanding of neurodivergence.

As rates of ADHD and dyslexia diagnoses rise globally, especially among women and adults, Packham’s series couldn’t be more timely. But unlike dry medical overviews, this is narrative-driven, first-person neurodivergence—seen through the eyes of those who live it. From chaotic inner worlds to coping mechanisms that go unnoticed, here are the seven most compelling takeaways from Inside Our ADHD Minds—and what they reveal about the realities of neurodiverse thinking.

1. ADHD Isn’t an Attention Deficit- It’s Attention Dysregulation

One of the first myths the documentary busts is right there in the name: “attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.” As Packham candidly explains while walking through the woods—a signature format in the series—ADHD is not about lacking attention. It's about struggling to control and regulate it. One expert likens it to having six televisions on in your brain, all blaring at once, with no remote control.

This reframing is important. People with ADHD don’t lack focus—they often focus too much, too intensely, or on the “wrong” thing from a neurotypical perspective. Recognizing this nuance allows for more compassionate, functional approaches to support and treatment.

2. Gender Disparities in Diagnosis Persist

A vital theme running through the series is the gendered nature of neurodivergence diagnosis. While ADHD has historically been associated with hyperactive boys in classrooms, Packham interviews experts who explain how girls—like Jo, one of the documentary’s protagonists—often display symptoms differently. They may internalize their restlessness, mask their distress, or be mislabeled as emotional, disorganized, or lazy.

This misrecognition delays diagnosis, sometimes for decades. Jo wasn’t diagnosed until adulthood, after navigating 14 careers and hitting emotional and professional burnout. Her journey reflects a broader issue: ADHD and dyslexia in women are under-diagnosed, under-researched, and misunderstood—something healthcare systems globally must address.

3. Expressive Storytelling Can Be Transformative

Perhaps the most powerful element of the documentary is the way it allows neurodivergent individuals to represent themselves. Both Jo and Henry, the two central figures with ADHD, are given the opportunity to make short films to express what their minds feel like from the inside.

Henry’s film is a chaotic collage of missed alarms, cluttered thoughts, and forgotten meals—offering his family a visceral insight into why even small daily tasks can feel overwhelming. Jo’s story is more emotional, showing the grief she carries for the person she might have become if she had been diagnosed earlier.

These segments remind us that self-expression and creative agency are critical tools for mental health and healing. They can bridge the chasm between external behavior and internal reality in ways clinical language cannot.

4. Dyslexia Is More Than Letter Confusion

In the second episode, Packham shifts the lens to dyslexia—a learning difference that affects up to 10% of the population. While commonly associated with reading difficulties, the documentary underscores the broader cognitive landscape of dyslexia: challenges with time management, memory, verbal expression, and navigation.

One striking insight comes from the lived experience of Packham’s stepdaughter, Megan McCubbin, who was told by a teacher that she would never succeed in science due to her dyslexia. Today, she holds a degree in zoology. Her story is a testament to the fact that neurodivergence often coexists with creativity, adaptability, and resilience—not deficiency.

5. Living with Neurodivergence Means Managing Constant Fatigue

A subtle but crucial theme throughout the series is the sheer exhaustion of navigating a world not built for you. Dyslexic individuals often expend extraordinary energy simply trying to remember appointments, organize their day, or communicate clearly. ADHD minds, bombarded by sensory input and interrupted thoughts, can find even simple decisions emotionally taxing.

This cognitive labor takes a toll. Many neurodivergent individuals live with chronic fatigue, which further exacerbates symptoms and can lead to a cycle of self-blame and burnout.

6. Medication Isn’t One-Size-Fits-All

Both Jo and Henry try medication as part of their ADHD management—but with mixed results. Henry, diagnosed during his school years, disliked how the medication made him feel. Jo, however, found relief. This mirrors real-world experiences: medication can be life-changing for some, while others prefer alternative or supplemental strategies like cognitive behavioral therapy, coaching, and lifestyle modifications.

The documentary handles this with grace—there’s no agenda or judgment, only individual stories and honest reflection. It’s a reminder that treatment for neurodivergent conditions must be personalized and patient-centered.

7. Neurodivergent People Need Understanding—Not “Fixing”

Ultimately, Inside Our ADHD Minds is about asking for understanding, not solutions. Henry isn’t asking his parents to change him. Jo isn’t looking for retroactive pity. What both seem to want is acknowledgment: “This is how I operate, and I’m okay.”

This message lands at a time when the neurodiversity movement is gaining traction globally—from classrooms in the U.S. to boardrooms in Europe and universities in Asia. Creating truly inclusive societies means moving beyond awareness to acceptance and adaptation.

As Chris Packham himself notes, “By better understanding neurodivergent people’s lived experiences, we can help remove barriers to their success.”

And that’s the real takeaway here: empathy, not diagnosis, is the first step toward meaningful support.