Today at Times Network India Health Summit and Awards 2025, a special panel discussion focused on “Battling Dengue in India: Crisis, Control & the Promise of a Vaccination”. The panel brought together three experts: Dr. Sanjeev Bagai, Chairman of Nephron Clinic, Senior Consultant Paediatrician & Nephrologist, Padma Shri awardee, Dr. K. Madan Gopal, Advisor and Head of Public Health Administration, National Health Systems Resource Centre and Dr Atul Kakar, Chairperson of the department of Internal medicine, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital. Together, they shared insights on how India can fight the growing dengue crisis.Dengue Testing And UnderreportingDr. Sanjeev Bagai began by explaining the challenges of testing. He noted that the NS1 antigen test, one of the most common diagnostic tools, does not turn positive until the end of the first day of infection. This often leads to false negatives if testing is done too early, adding to underreporting. He further talked about how many rural cases are never tested or are simply classified as “viral fever,” further skewing national numbers.From a Seasonal Illness To A Perennial ProblemDr. Madan Gopal stressed that dengue can no longer be considered a post-monsoon illness alone. “Over the decades, it has evolved from being a seasonal problem to becoming a perennial health threat,” he said, highlighting factors like rapid urbanisation, water stagnation, waste management failures, and climate change. “We need civic, community, and government surveillance working hand in hand to prevent mosquito breeding and control outbreaks,” he added.Recognising The Dengue SymptomsDr Atul Kakar agreed that public awareness of warning symptoms is critical. Severe headaches, pain behind the eyes, back pain, and high-grade fevers should alert both patients and healthcare providers. Dr. Bagai explained that the infection passes through four phases, acute febrile, critical, plateau, and recovery. Importantly, he warned that a fall in fever does not signal recovery. Dr Bagai told us, “Instead, this is often when platelet counts dip, and complications can arise.”Managing the Patient BurdenOn hospital preparedness, Dr. Madan Gopal underlined that 70–80% of dengue cases can be managed at home with proper hydration and monitoring. He emphasised building capacity in both public and private healthcare sectors to identify warning signs early and prevent unnecessary hospital admissions that overwhelm facilities.Dangers of Self-Medication During DengueDr. Bagai strongly cautioned against relying on home remedies or inappropriate drugs. “Yoga, papaya leaf juice, or herbal concoctions do not cure dengue,” he said. He also warned against taking aspirin, ibuprofen, or antibiotics, as these can worsen bleeding risks and damage the liver or kidneys. The only safe medicine for managing fever, he stressed, is paracetamol along with adequate fluids.Long DengueA critical takeaway from Dr. Bagai was that dengue does not end with the fever. He pointed to new research showing long-term complications, including higher risks of cardiac issues, autoimmune conditions, kidney damage, and neurological problems—sometimes lasting for months after infection. This “long dengue syndrome,” he said, is an emerging challenge that must be factored into health planning.Dengue Vaccine When asked about the future of a dengue vaccine, Dr Bagai was cautious. He explained that while early vaccine trials have taken place, the long-term efficacy is poor, with protection falling sharply after four to five years. “Some vaccines work only in the early stages of infection and fail against later serotypes. Others carry the risk of worsening the disease due to the body’s unpredictable immune response,” he said.Dr Bagai added that dengue’s overlap with other viral exposures, including influenza, COVID-19, and Zika, complicates vaccine development. “The worst thing you can do is give a vaccine that ends up triggering a more severe infection. Some global studies have shown exactly that an increase in hospitalisations among vaccinated individuals,” he warned.Instead of banking on a vaccine anytime soon, Dr. Bagai stressed that prevention must remain the priority. “The safest and most effective protection is to keep mosquitoes out of your homes, manage water storage, and prevent breeding grounds. Vaccines for dengue are still a far, far distance away,” he said.Dr. K. Madan Gopal agreed that while research continues, community action, civic surveillance, and strong preventive measures remain India’s best defence in the near term.The panel concluded that India’s fight against dengue requires:Early testing and accurate diagnosis to reduce underreporting.Mass public awareness campaigns on prevention and warning signs.Stronger civic action to control mosquito breeding.Responsible treatment with hydration, paracetamol, and medical supervision.Focus on vaccination research, given the presence of four dengue serotypes and risks of repeat infections.Dr. Bagai summed it up: “Dengue is not just a seasonal fever anymore. It is a national health crisis that demands prevention, awareness, and scientific management, not myths or shortcuts.”The partners of the Times Network India Health Summit are:Powered by- INTASCo-powered by- Novartis and All outknowledge partner- MGR UniversitySupporting partner- FIT INDIAStrategic alliance partner- OneXtelWealth Partner- NuvamaOutdoor partner- Heights
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