Scientists at Northwestern Medicine have made a major discovery: a much better and faster way to help bones heal. They wrote about their work in the science journal Nature Communications. We have always known that the loss of bones and teeth can be a permanent one, while we have artificial methods to fix the irregularities, we can no longer grow this tissue back. However, this new method is very exciting because it could totally change how doctors create implants, the plates, screws, or replacement parts used in surgery. The main goal is to improve healing by getting the body to use its own natural tools to repair itself. Can We Regrow Our Bones? Guillermo Ameer, ScD, the lead researcher, believes this technique could revolutionize surgeries for bones and joints, (orthopedic) and for the face and skull (craniofacial). Instead of just being a passive structure, these new implants actively encourage healing using the body's own cells and repair mechanisms. Dr. Ameer noted that damage from injuries is very common. Usually, doctors put in artificial materials like metal or plastic to fill the gap. He explained that their work, called regenerative medicine, is focused on helping the body regrow its own natural tissue to fix the damaged area permanently. Can We Use Cells To Rebuild Bones? Dr. Ameer’s team had previously developed a unique implant. Its surface isn't smooth; it has tiny, engineered micropillars (small bumps). When special repair cells called mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) stick to the implant, these tiny bumps physically push on and change the shape of the cell's center, called the nucleus. The big new finding from this latest study is that these cells—whose nuclei have been squished—start to release special healing proteins. These proteins actively promote bone growth in other nearby cells, not just the ones touching the implant. How Can You Regrow Bones? In their most recent experiment, the scientists watched closely to see exactly how the new implants caused bone to grow. They found that when the MSCs had their nuclei changed by the micropillars, they quickly increased their release of proteins that organize the extracellular matrix (ECM). Scaffolding is the process of construction where a temporary structure is made to support the workers while they do the construction. The ECM is basically the natural, supportive scaffolding around all tissues in the body This newly organized scaffolding then tells other nearby MSCs to start making bone, even if they aren't directly on the implant. It's like a secret instruction being passed through the structural environment. To test this in a real situation, the team placed the micropillar implants into mice with small holes in their skull bones. They saw that the cells on the implants made much more of a key protein called collagen, which is the main building block of bone structure. The result was significantly faster and better bone healing in the injured area. What Is Cellular Communication? These results show a special way cells talk to each other, called matricrine signaling. Instead of using direct contact or typical chemical messages, cells influence their neighbors by changing the extracellular matrix which is the scaffolding around them. Dr. Ameer explained that when a cell's nucleus is deformed, its internal structure is rearranged. This makes the cell favor the production and release of proteins that tell other cells, "Start making bone!" He clarified that these released proteins actually change the environment (the matrix) surrounding nearby cells, instructing them to support new bone growth. This discovery opens up huge possibilities for designing implants that don't just act as supports, but actively guide and speed up the natural healing process. Dr. Ameer also mentioned that this idea might be useful for repairing other tissues in the future, such as cartilage. He stressed that losing cartilage, particularly in conditions like arthritis, is a major issue because the body has trouble regrowing it on its own. He noted that his team is already working on ways to use 3D printing to apply a similar strategy and help the body regenerate damaged cartilage.
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