Light regulates almost all mechanisms inside the body. Therefore, sleep, mood, and even metabolic health will vary with it. For those who consider light, this is particularly crucial during mornings, when it becomes a natural synchronizer of their circadian rhythms and their health. Let's dig in as to why morning light is important for healthy life:.

Our body clock, or circadian rhythm, consists of a complex system of biological processes that function in approximate 24-hour cycles. The internal timekeeper within us is controlled by some environmental cues, but the main one is light. Our central body clock is contained in the hypothalamus section of the brain and interfaces with clocks in individual cells throughout the body. They affect different functions such as sleep-wake cycles, digestion, and hormone discharge.

This central clock is reset daily by morning light exposure. A light-sensing cell found in the retina sends signals to the brain to mark a new day. This has the effect of synchronizing bodily functions with external environmental change, optimizing health and productivity.

Benefits of Morning Light for Sleep and Mental Health

One of the very important benefits of morning light is its effect on sleep quality. When morning light resets our body clock, it enables better regulation of melatonin - a hormone that makes one sleep. Melatonin production declines due to bright light experienced during the morning hours and creates a feeling of freshness in the body. Later during the night, melatonin increases once again, preparing our body for sleep.

In addition to sleep, morning light also helps improve mental health by inducing serotonin production. Serotonin, commonly known as the "feel-good" hormone, is essential for mood regulation and emotional well-being. The lack of serotonin has been associated with depression and anxiety. Exposure to natural light daily can reduce the risk factors associated with these conditions and improve overall mental health.

Role of Morning Light in Metabolism and Physical Health

Morning light doesn't just affect sleep and mood; it also affects physical health. Research has shown that getting early sunlight exposure can lead to better metabolic function and fewer chances of obesity. In addition, morning light exposure also controls cortisol levels, the stress hormone that peaks at its highest in the early hours. Proper regulation of cortisol helps maintain energy levels, boost immune function, and help control blood sugar.

Light exposure also impacts our digestive system. The gut is a circadian-based organ, and processes like movement of waste are more effective during the day. Therefore, morning light helps us get these processes in sync to ensure proper digestion and absorption of nutrients.

Why Timing Matters

The timing of light exposure is as important as the light itself. Exposure to light in the morning adjusts our circadian rhythms with the natural day-night cycle, thus better health in general. On the other hand, exposure to artificial light at night disrupts the rhythms, causing sleep problems, metabolic disorders, and even chronic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

For sleep disorders victims, light therapy is among the most recommended treatment plans that should be followed. Early exposure to bright light that is achieved through sunlight exposure or daylight simulators in any light box can correct imbalances in the body clocks and reduce symptoms of insomnia among other circadian rhythm diseases.

How to Get Morning Light into Your Daily Routine

You don't have to do much to incorporate morning light into your day. Small actions can add up:

• Spend 30 to 45 minutes outside within an hour of waking.
• Take a walk or enjoy breakfast on the porch to maximize exposure.
• Let sunlight directly hit your skin and eyes (don't wear sunglasses).
• The light coming through windows or umbrellas isn't as effective.

Consistency is key. Try to wake up at the same time every day and add light exposure to your morning routine. Even on overcast days, natural light has good effects. Open windows or take a step outside to garner its benefits.

Effect of Light Misalignment

While morning light is beneficial, exposure to light at the wrong time can have serious health consequences. Light pollution, even from dim artificial sources, disrupts the natural sleep-wake cycle. This can impair heart rate, glucose metabolism, and mental health, increasing the risk of depression and anxiety.

Night owls and night shift workers are especially susceptible to these impacts, as their routines frequently conflict with the natural cycles of the body. Research indicates that such mismatched exposure to light increases risks for chronic diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease.

Apart from effects on sleep and metabolism, morning light impacts attention, alertness, and productivity. Mental acuity is greater in the afternoon and evening but is heavily influenced by the amount of early light exposure. Activities requiring concentration - such as driving or working-on benefit from a well set body clock.

It regulates morning light with respect to muscle activity and blood pressure. Since the liver and kidneys break down toxins and drugs in the human body, that too speaks to the importance of maintaining one's health and fitness level.

Exposure to morning light is a simple and powerful tool for improving your health. From regulating sleep to mood, boosting metabolic, and physical functions, exposure to morning light is abundant and well-documented. Find ways to incorporate morning light into your daily routine in the form of stepping outside in the morning, having a breakfast al fresco or opening your windows.

Get your body clock aligned to natural light and pave a way for better health and improved well-being and a more productive day.

When talking about fertility in routine practice, we usually refer to the World Health Organization’s guideline of roughly 15 million sperm per millilitre (and around 39–40 million total per ejaculate) as the lower boundary of “normal.”

But the count alone doesn’t tell the full story. The quality of sperm, their motility, shape, and the couple’s overall reproductive health are equally important. We got in touch with Dr. Meenakshi Priya, Clinical Director & Fertility Specialist, Nova IVF Fertility, Coimbatore, who told us more about the same.

What Is The Normal Sperm Count To Get Pregnant?

Dr Meenakshi said, “Think of sperm count like lottery tickets. More tickets (higher count) give you better odds, fewer tickets lower your chances — but even one well-functioning ticket (a motile, properly shaped sperm) can win.”

That’s why fertility clinics look at several factors: concentration, total number, progressive motility (whether sperm swim forward), and morphology (shape). The WHO manual provides the standard method and cut-offs used worldwide in labs, serving as the referee for semen analysis.

However, numbers matter clinically. Research over decades shows fertility starts to drop gradually below about 40 million/ml (or in older studies, 40 million total per ejaculate was a useful marker). The WHO threshold of 15 million/ml marks the lower edge of normal — values between 15 and 40 are a “grey zone,” where conception is possible but may take longer. So a man with 12 million/ml isn’t infertile, but the couple might need help like IUI or IVF depending on other factors.

But don’t get fixated on one number. A “normal” semen report is a combination of factors:

• Concentration ≥15 million/ml

• Total sperm count ≥39–40 million per ejaculate

• Progressive motility roughly >30%

• Normal morphology about 4% (Kruger criteria)

What Changes A Sperm Count?

Lifestyle and health have a big impact on sperm. Smoking, heavy drinking, extra weight, prolonged heat exposure (saunas, hot tubs, tight underwear), certain medications, recent fevers, and conditions like varicocele or hormonal imbalances can all lower the numbers.

The good news? Most of these are reversible. Dr Meenakshi said, “Quitting smoking, reducing alcohol, losing a bit of weight, avoiding hot tubs for a few months, and treating infections can improve sperm.” Remember, sperm take time to renew but it usually takes 2–3 months of healthier habits for improvements to appear in a report. Be patient; your body is making changes even if you don’t see results immediately.

When To Be Concerned And Consult A Doctor?

If semen analysis repeatedly shows very low sperm (oligozoospermia), no sperm (azoospermia), poor motility, or if a couple has been trying for a year (or six months if the woman is over 35) without success, it’s time to consult a specialist. One abnormal test isn’t the final word — tests are usually repeated, and a more thorough assessment may include hormone checks, ultrasounds, or genetic tests if needed.

Dr Meenakshi said, “Sperm count gives a headline, not the full story. It’s a useful screening tool, but fertility decisions are personal. If you’re concerned, get a proper semen analysis and speak with a fertility specialist — many fertility issues are treatable, and acting early makes a real difference.”

Norovirus, often called the stomach bug, has returned. Between August 1 and December 11, health officials recorded 268 norovirus outbreaks, with numbers climbing steadily as winter travel increases and more people spend time indoors. The virus triggers stomach-related symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain or cramping.

Some people also develop fever, headaches, and body aches. Although case numbers are not rising as sharply as flu, doctors remain concerned because norovirus spreads extremely easily. Making matters worse, norovirus is difficult to kill. Many of the common precautions used against flu and COVID offer little protection against this so-called winter vomiting bug.

How Contagious Is the Norovirus?

Norovirus is among the most infectious viruses doctors deal with. “It can tear through a household and then circle back, with people repeatedly passing it to each other,” says Amy Edwards, MD, associate professor of pediatrics at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine in Cleveland, Ohio, who specializes in infectious diseases. “It also spreads very quickly in crowded, closed settings like cruise ships.”

While contaminated surfaces can transmit norovirus, doctors say person-to-person spread is most common. An infected person can pass on the virus even before symptoms appear, throughout the illness, and after they start to feel better, Jennings warns.

What to Do If You Get Norovirus?

For most people, norovirus symptoms ease within a few days, according to Jennings. However, the illness can be more serious for those with weaker immune systems, including young children, older adults, and people with certain health conditions.

If you think you have norovirus, focus on staying well hydrated. Ongoing vomiting can quickly lead to fluid loss and electrolyte imbalance. To prevent nausea from getting worse, Jennings recommends taking small sips of clear fluids like water, ginger ale, or coconut water.

Most importantly, seek medical care right away if you become dehydrated or if diarrhea lasts for weeks. Fischer explains that dehydration may cause sunken eyes, less frequent urination, dry skin and mouth, and extreme tiredness.

Common Norovirus Symptoms That You Should Be Aware Of

Norovirus symptoms often come on suddenly and may include:

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Stomach pain or cramps
• Watery or loose diarrhea
• General feeling of illness
• Mild fever
• Muscle aches

Symptoms usually begin 12 to 48 hours after exposure and last for one to three days. Even after recovery, people can continue shedding the virus in their stool for weeks. In some cases, especially among those with other medical conditions, shedding can continue for months. Some people infected with norovirus never develop symptoms at all. Even so, they can still spread the virus to others.

Norovirus Causes

Norovirus spreads very easily from one person to another. Because it is highly contagious, an infection can pass quickly through homes, schools, or other shared spaces. The virus is released through stool and vomit, and a person can spread it from the moment symptoms begin until several days after they feel better. Norovirus can also survive on surfaces and objects for days or even weeks.

You can catch norovirus by:

1. Eating food that has been contaminated
2. Drinking unsafe or contaminated water
3. Touching your mouth after your hands have come into contact with a contaminated surface or object
4. Having close contact with someone who is infected with norovirus

Norovirus is especially hard to get rid of because it can survive extreme hot and cold temperatures and is resistant to many common disinfectants.

The NHS has issued fresh advice for people taking a widely prescribed medicine used to manage heart and circulation conditions. Across the UK, millions rely on beta-blockers to treat heart and blood vessel problems. Each year, more than 50 million prescriptions are written for these drugs, which help manage issues ranging from high blood pressure and abnormal heart rate to certain conditions affecting the brain and nervous system. Doctors most commonly prescribe bisoprolol, which NHS England lists as the seventh most prescribed medicine in the country.

What Is Bisoprolol Used For?

Bisoprolol, sold under brand names such as Zebeta, Bisotab, and Concor, belongs to a group of medicines called beta-blockers. It is mainly used to treat various heart-related conditions by slowing the heart rate and relaxing blood vessels. This reduces strain on the heart and helps it pump blood more efficiently, according to the CDC. The NHS also explains that bisoprolol is used to prevent chest pain caused by angina and to manage atrial fibrillation and other irregular heart rhythms. By slowing the heart, it allows the heart muscle to work more effectively.

Data from 2024–25 shows that bisoprolol was dispensed around 32 million times in England alone. The NHS notes that for people with high blood pressure, taking bisoprolol can help lower the risk of future heart disease, heart attacks, and strokes.

Bisoprolol Side Effects: Why Is NHS Warning Against Bisoprolol?

Like most medicines, bisoprolol can cause side effects, and patients are advised to stay alert to them. People starting the medication are often told to take their first dose at night, as it can make some feel dizzy. There are several common side effects that affect more than one in 100 people. According to the NHS, these are usually mild and tend to settle over time. They include:

• feeling dizzy or sick
• headaches
• cold hands or feet
• constipation
• diarrhoea

However, there are less common but more serious side effects that should not be ignored, as they may require urgent medical attention. The NHS advises contacting a doctor or calling 111 if:

• you experience shortness of breath with a cough that worsens during physical activity, swelling in the ankles or legs, or an irregular heartbeat, as these can point to heart problems
• the whites of your eyes or your skin turn yellow, which may be harder to notice on darker skin tones, as this can signal liver issues

Bisoprolol Warning: When Should You See Medical Emergency

The NHS also urges people to seek immediate help if certain symptoms appear. These include:

• chest pain, which could indicate heart trouble
• shortness of breath, wheezing, or tightness in the chest, which may suggest lung-related problems

Emergency services should be contacted straight away if there are signs of a severe allergic reaction, known as anaphylaxis. The NHS says to call 999 immediately if:

• your lips, mouth, throat, or tongue suddenly swell
• you are breathing very fast or struggling to breathe, with wheezing or a choking sensation
• your throat feels tight or you have difficulty swallowing
• your skin, lips, or tongue turn blue, grey, or pale, which may be more visible on the palms or soles in people with darker skin
• you suddenly feel very confused, extremely drowsy, or dizzy
• someone collapses and cannot be woken
• a child becomes limp, floppy, or unusually unresponsive, with difficulty holding their head up or focusing

The NHS stresses that while bisoprolol is effective and widely used, knowing when side effects are harmless and when they signal an emergency is key to staying safe.