Diabetes is a complex metabolic condition that affects multiple systems in the body, often leading to serious complications. While much attention is given to blood sugar management through diet and medication, the role of leg health in diabetes control is often overlooked. However, research suggests that maintaining strong and healthy legs is crucial in preventing and managing diabetes-related complications, including neuropathy, poor circulation, and even amputation.

Diabetes, especially if not well-controlled, has a significant impact on the nerves and blood vessels of the lower limbs. High sugar levels can damage the nerve endings, causing a condition known as diabetic neuropathy. This manifests as persistent pain in the legs, tingling, numbness, and in extreme cases, ulcers that do not heal properly.

Diabetic leg pain is one of the most common complaints of diabetic patients. The pain may be a dull ache or sharp stabbing. It worsens at night and can be caused by even the slightest pressure, such as a bed sheet rubbing against the skin. In more advanced stages, symptoms often begin in the feet and progress up the legs and hands.

Poor circulation is also another major problem. Diabetes hurts the small vessels that are accountable for providing well-oxygenated blood to extremities. Since the circulation would be poor in such cases, wounds may heal slowly, causing diabetic ulcers and infections that can be followed by severe problems like amputations if it is not taken care of.

Why Do Legs Suffer the Most?

The legs experience great stress throughout the day, and in people with diabetes, this is increased because of the nerve dysfunction and weakened blood vessels. Diabetic neuropathy is caused by prolonged high blood sugar levels damaging nerves by causing pain, numbness, and injury. Peripheral artery disease narrows the arteries further and restricts blood flow to the legs, thus making the problem worse.

For example, some types of entrapment neuropathies, like femoral nerve entrapment and tarsal tunnel syndrome, may also be associated with lower limb nerve compression and are a source of pain and discomfort. These indicate the need for active management of diabetes to avoid damage to the nerves.

Is Diabetic Leg Pain Reversible?

Although many types of diabetic neuropathy cannot be reversed, prompt intervention slows the progression of symptoms and may manage them adequately.

• Strict blood sugar control may delay neuropathy for several years.
• Pain relievers, anticonvulsants, and antidepressants may also help alleviate pain associated with the nerves.
• Lifestyle changes and weight management may be helpful to alleviate symptoms and further deterioration.
• Supplementation with vitamin B12 is important because people on Metformin for diabetes are more prone to develop a deficiency in this vitamin.
• Physical therapy and specialized footwear can aid mobility and reduce discomfort.

Effective Tips for Diabetic Leg and Foot Care

Taking care of your legs and feet is an essential part of diabetes management. The American Diabetes Association recommends the following preventive measures:

1. Prioritize Blood Sugar Control

The most excellent way to prevent nerve damage and circulatory problems is maintaining optimal blood sugar levels. Daily monitoring, healthy dieting, and adherence to prescribed medicines are essential for everyday activity.

2. Cleanliness of Feet

• Clean your feet daily with mild soap and warm water.
• Dried thoroughly, especially the space in between the toes, to avoid fungal infections.
• Apply moisturizer to the feet, but not between the toes, so as not to cause bacteria growth.

3. Daily Foot Examination

Examine your feet daily for blisters, cuts, sores, redness, or swelling.

Use a mirror to check hidden areas.

Go see a doctor for any infections or slow healing.

4. Wearing Correct Footwear

Wear fitted, cushioned shoes to prevent pressure sores.

Change socks every day, and use moisture-wicking socks to keep feet dry.

Get diabetic footwear for easy pressure release and improved circulation.

5. Avoid Extreme Temperature End

Avoid hot water bags or heating pads, as nerve damage can impair sensation and increase the risk of burns.

Keep feet away from cold temperatures to avoid complications associated with poor circulation.

6. Quit Smoking and Limit Alcohol

Smoking and excessive alcohol use can exacerbate peripheral vascular disease, thereby limiting blood flow to the legs. Quitting can significantly slow the progression of neuropathy and improve overall circulation.

7. Exercise with Caution

Low-impact activities, such as walking, swimming, or cycling, can encourage good circulation.

• Stay away from any activity that can cause stress to the feet if neuropathy has already occurred.
• Consult with a doctor before trying any new exercise program.

Preventing Diabetic Leg Pain

While not always preventable, many risk factors associated with diabetic leg pain can be mitigated by adopting lifestyle changes. Here is how:

• Follow a diabetes-friendly diet: High-fiber foods, lean proteins, and healthy fats should be included while avoiding processed sugars and refined carbs.
• Work with a nutritionist: Personalized meal plans can help maintain stable blood sugar levels.
• Monitor blood sugar regularly: Frequent checks help catch fluctuations early.
• Stay active: Regular exercise improves insulin sensitivity and circulation.
• Adhere to treatment plans: Following medical advice ensures better diabetes management.

When to Seek Medical Attention

If you have diabetes and experience chronic leg pain, numbness, tingling, or slow healing of wounds, seek medical help right away. Early intervention is key to the prevention of such severe complications, thereby improving one's quality of life.

Your legs are essential in keeping you in balance, on the move, and healthy. For a diabetic, leg health is even more important in avoiding severe complications like neuropathy and amputation. With proper control of blood sugar, proper care of the feet, and adjustment of lifestyle, you can take care of your legs and overall health. A visit to a healthcare professional would be the first step in controlling diabetes if symptoms occur.

South Asia has emerged as the global epicentre of anemia among adolescent girls and women, with more than 259 million currently affected, according to a joint warning issued by the United Nations agencies and the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC).

The condition, often overlooked, is not only a health concern—it’s a signal of deeper systemic failures across health, nutrition, and education sectors.

The Hidden Toll of Anemia

Anemia impairs the body's ability to carry oxygen, leading to chronic fatigue, weakened immunity, and in severe cases, complications during pregnancy and childbirth. It also limits educational attainment and economic participation, reinforcing gender inequality and poverty.

The impact extends beyond individuals. An estimated 40% of the world’s low birth weight cases are linked to maternal anemia, contributing to poor childhood growth, delayed cognitive development, and lifelong disadvantages.

In economic terms, anemia costs South Asia a staggering $32.5 billion every year, draining resources and limiting regional development.

Anemia in Girls: A Preventable but Persisting Health Crisis

Despite its scale, anemia is both preventable and treatable. Public health experts emphasize that the tools already exist: regular iron and folic acid supplementation, diets rich in iron and essential vitamins, clean water and sanitation, deworming, and access to quality maternal health care.

However, to make meaningful progress, countries must take an integrated, multi-sectoral approach—linking health, nutrition, education, and social protection systems.

Countries And Their Strategies To Combat Anemia

Several countries in the region are already demonstrating how focused interventions can bring results.

Sri Lanka, where nearly one in five women of reproductive age is anemic, is expanding its national nutrition programmes, targeting high-burden districts with stronger maternal services.

India has begun integrating iron supplementation into school and antenatal care in high-prevalence states, aiming to reach adolescent girls and expectant mothers directly.

Pakistan is piloting community-based nutrition and reproductive health services, improving early detection and follow-up care in rural areas.

Bangladesh is leveraging school systems to deliver fortified meals and health education to adolescents, with ministries of health, education, and agriculture working in tandem.

Smaller nations like the Maldives and Bhutan are also stepping up, focusing on early prevention, public awareness, and food fortification. Both have invested in data-driven anemia monitoring and inter-ministerial collaboration.

Nepal, meanwhile, has shown what sustained, community-driven action can achieve. Since 2016, the country has reduced anemia among women of reproductive age by 7%, with particularly notable improvements in low-income regions. Much of this progress is credited to the efforts of female community health volunteers, who counsel families, connect them to services, and distribute nutrition support packages such as the Sutkeri Poshan Koseli—a food and cash support scheme for new mothers.

Understanding the Root Causes of This Preventable Condition

The new report emphasizes that ending anemia is not just a medical goal—it’s a developmental imperative. While governments must lead the charge with strong policies and investments, meaningful change also requires engagement from communities, schools, health workers, and families.

Integrated health systems, targeted data, and cross-sector action can help South Asia’s girls and women break the cycle of malnutrition and unlock their full potential. Ultimately, addressing anemia is about more than preventing disease—it's about building resilient communities, stronger economies, and a healthier future for all.

Everything around is us responsible for how well we age. From what kind of food we eat, what kind of lifestyle we lead to what kind of air we breath.

Many people want to live longer and healthier, often trying things like special diets or supplements. But would you ever consider paying a lot of money to have your blood's liquid part, called plasma, replaced?

This procedure, known as plasma exchange therapy, is becoming popular, especially among the wealthy and those who are into extreme "biohacking" (trying unconventional methods to improve their health). However, the question arises, does it actually help you live longer?

A small, recent study published in the journal Aging Cell suggests it might have some anti-aging benefits. However, experts warn that we still need a lot more research to be sure.

What Exactly Is Plasma Exchange Therapy?

Think of plasma exchange therapy as a "blood cleanse." Here's how it works:

• Medical staff take blood out of your body.
• They then separate and remove your old plasma, which contains various substances.
• This old plasma is replaced with new plasma from a donor or a special solution (usually saltwater and protein).
• Finally, your "cleaned" blood, with its new plasma, is put back into your body.

This treatment has been used for a long time to help with various illnesses, like blood problems, autoimmune diseases (where your body attacks itself), and nerve disorders. However, using it to slow down aging is a very new idea that hasn't been fully proven yet.

What the Latest Study Found

A recent, small study offers more support for the idea of plasma exchange as an anti-aging treatment. Forty-two healthy adults, with an average age of 65, underwent the procedure multiple times over several months. Some received a regular replacement fluid, while others were given extra immune antibodies. A small group received a fake treatment for comparison.

After the treatment, researchers used different ways to measure the participants' biological age—a concept that suggests your body can be physically older or younger than your actual years. The group that didn't get the treatment continued to age normally. However, the plasma exchange group showed some signs of reversal in aging.

Those who received plasma exchange combined with immune antibodies saw the biggest effect, appearing biologically 2.6 years younger on average. Those who only had monthly plasma exchange looked about 1.3 years younger. While promising, the researchers are careful to say they don't know for sure if this means people will actually live longer.

Does Plasma Exchange Really Work for Longevity?

Even though the new study is exciting, it has some important limitations. It was small and relatively short. Also, the idea of biological age itself is still new, and there isn't one perfect way to measure it, which can lead to varying results.

Experts also point out that the participants in the study might have made other healthy lifestyle changes, which could have influenced the results. At this point, it's still just a guess whether plasma exchange therapy will truly help people live longer. Many experts agree that while plasma exchange is safe and effective for treating certain diseases, there isn't enough solid information yet to recommend that healthy people spend a lot of money on it just to live longer. Even the scientists who helped create the procedure advise against it for healthy adults right now.

For years, stopping antidepressants was considered a relatively minor medical event—just a temporary adjustment phase. Official guidelines, particularly in the UK and the US, once described withdrawal symptoms as “brief and mild.” But now, emerging research is painting a very different picture—one that could affect millions of long-term users.

Recent findings suggest that withdrawing from antidepressants, especially after prolonged use, can trigger severe and long-lasting symptoms, sometimes lasting months or even years. Despite mounting evidence, some recent reviews—funded in part by pharmaceutical ties—continue to rely on outdated, short-term studies that don’t reflect the real-world experiences of long-term patients.

The modern class of antidepressants—SSRIs and SNRIs—were introduced in the 1980s and ’90s. When regulatory guidelines were first drafted, they leaned heavily on industry-funded clinical trials, where participants had taken the medications for only 8 to 12 weeks.

Because withdrawal symptoms in those short-term trials were limited and often transient, major healthcare bodies like NICE (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence in the UK) assumed the same would hold true for all patients.

That assumption, however, ignored the experiences of millions of people who were on antidepressants for much longer periods.

A comprehensive new study of NHS patients in the UK has shed light on the scale and severity of antidepressant withdrawal. The findings reveal that patients who had been on antidepressants for more than two years were ten times more likely to experience withdrawal symptoms compared to those who had taken the medication for less than six months. Moreover, the likelihood of experiencing severe symptoms increased fivefold in long-term users. Perhaps most strikingly, symptoms that lasted for three months or more were found to be 18 times more common among those who had used antidepressants for extended periods.

In contrast, those who took antidepressants for six months or less mostly experienced mild and short-lived symptoms. Around 75% reported mild or no withdrawal, and only one in four had difficulty stopping but for long-term users, it’s a different story altogether. Two-thirds reported moderate to severe withdrawal symptoms, and nearly a third had symptoms that persisted for over three months.

In some cases, withdrawal effects were so debilitating that patients sought emergency care.

Against this backdrop, a newly published review in JAMA Psychiatry is drawing criticism. The review—which includes authors with known financial ties to pharmaceutical companies—relied on 11 short-term studies, most involving people who took antidepressants for 8 to 12 weeks. Only one study included participants on the medication for more than six months.

Not surprisingly, the review concluded that withdrawal symptoms from antidepressants are not clinically significant. It even went so far as to suggest the symptoms might be caused by the “nocebo effect”—the idea that negative expectations can create physical symptoms.

But experts argue that this reasoning is flawed and potentially harmful. The review failed to account for long-term users, excluded several studies with high withdrawal rates, and assumed that common symptoms like dizziness or fatigue are indistinguishable from genuine withdrawal effects.

Another glaring issue? The authors treated withdrawal symptoms reported by people stopping a placebo as equivalent to those reported by people stopping real antidepressants—despite clear evidence that the intensity, duration, and impact of symptoms differ significantly between the two. According to recent investigations:

• In England, 2 million people have been taking antidepressants for over five years.
• In the United States, that number is at least 25 million.

That’s tens of millions of people whose withdrawal experiences are underrepresented in medical literature and underserved by health systems.

To use an analogy, relying on eight-week antidepressant studies to predict withdrawal is like testing car safety at 5 km/h, when most people drive at 60 km/h. It simply doesn’t capture the full risk.

Is Antidepressant Withdrawal A Real Thing?

Yes, antidepressant withdrawal is real—especially if you stop the medication abruptly after taking it for more than four to six weeks. These symptoms, also known as antidepressant discontinuation syndrome, can last for several weeks and vary depending on the type of antidepressant.

Importantly, experiencing withdrawal doesn’t mean you’re addicted. Addiction involves compulsive use, cravings, and harmful consequences—none of which apply to antidepressants.

To avoid uncomfortable withdrawal effects, always consult your doctor before stopping. Most healthcare providers recommend gradually tapering the dose over weeks or months to help your body adjust. In some cases, a temporary switch to another medication might be advised to ease the transition.

If you're switching to a new antidepressant, your doctor may overlap medications to prevent withdrawal symptoms.

Since withdrawal can mimic a relapse of depression, it's essential to stay in close contact with your healthcare provider. If symptoms of depression return, your doctor may suggest restarting treatment or exploring alternative therapies.

Always follow a medical plan when discontinuing antidepressants—never stop them on your own.

What Withdrawal Feels Like?

Withdrawal symptoms can vary, but often include:

• Dizziness or “brain zaps”
• Nausea
• Headaches
• Anxiety and panic
• Mood swings
• Insomnia
• Irritability
• Sensory disturbances (like sensitivity to light or sound)

For some, these symptoms are manageable. But for others—especially those stopping medication after years of use—they can be overwhelming and life-altering.

Withdrawal from antidepressants is real, and it’s often far more difficult than current medical literature suggests—especially for long-term users. Reviews that lean on short-term, pharmaceutical-funded data do little to help the millions of people struggling silently.

Mental health treatment should never be a one-way street. People deserve a clear roadmap for both starting and stopping antidepressants safely, compassionately, and with evidence-based support.