Consistent shoulder training can not only give your upper body a toned, strong appearance, but it also plays a significant role in injury prevention, stability, and posture.

Biceps and triceps may often get all the attention when it comes to upper-body strength, but the real foundation lies in your shoulders. These muscles are not only crucial for maintaining proper posture but also play a vital role in functional movement—whether it’s flowing through yoga poses or lifting weights, light or heavy.

Strong shoulders help stabilize the inherently unstable shoulder joint. According to strength coach Geoff Rose, CPT, "The muscles around our shoulder blade have a profound effect on how our shoulder moves. If those muscles aren’t working in unison—if one is tighter or stronger than the other—it can result in pain or even injury."

Why Shoulder Training Matters

To achieve well-rounded strength (and that sculpted upper body many aspire to), it’s important to train all the major muscles surrounding the shoulder joint:

- Deltoids: The three muscles covering the outside of your shoulder

- Trapezius: The muscles that run from the neck and spine to the shoulder blades

- Lats: The large back muscles running from the spine to the armpits

- Rotator Cuff: A group of muscles that keeps the upper arm bone snug in the shoulder socket

Because the shoulders are involved in most upper-body movements, a dedicated shoulder workout once a week can suffice. Alternatively, you can mix shoulder-targeting exercises into your full-body sessions.

Getting Started: Light and Steady Wins the Race

Shoulder muscles are delicate, so it’s perfectly fine to start with lighter weights (3–5 pounds) or resistance bands. Don’t have equipment? No problem—bodyweight and mobility-focused shoulder movements are just as effective.

Here Are Tips To Build A Shoulder Workout

- Time: 25 minutes

- Equipment: Dumbbells, resistance bands (or bodyweight)

- Target Area: Shoulders

Instructions: Choose 3 to 5 exercises from the list below. Perform 3 sets of the suggested reps for each movement, resting between sets as needed. Once complete, move on to the next exercise.

20 Effective Shoulder Exercises For All Levels

1. Upright Row – 15 reps

2. Banded Pull-Aparts – 10 reps

3. Halo (with Dumbbell) – 10 reps per direction

4. Reverse Snow Angel – 12–15 reps

5. Inverted Push-Up – 10 reps

6. Shoulder Complex – 10 reps

7. Tabletop Lift – 10 reps

8. Kettlebell Squat to Overhead Press – 10 reps

9. Front Raise – 12 reps

10. Plank Push-Up with Shoulder Retraction – 10 reps

11. Lateral Raise – 12 reps

12. Bent-Over Rear Delt Fly – 12 reps

13. Half Turkish Get-Up – 10 reps per side

14. Lying T-Lift – 15 reps

15. Serratus Punch – 12–15 reps

16. Plank Shoulder Taps – 12–15 reps

17. Single-Arm Overhead Press – 15 reps per side

18. Banded Shoulder Press – 10 reps

19. Bear Plank Shoulder Tap – 10 reps per side

20. Seated Overhead Press – 15 reps

Many times, the things we like to do aren’t easy to do. While it may suit other people, there is no guarantee that it is the best for you. So how does one go about looking for the exercises that suit us? How about picking exercises according to your personality?

A recent study published in the Frontiers in Psychology journal suggests that picking your exercise according to the kind of personality you have could be the best idea. The study suggests that if your workout fits your personality, you're more likely to stick with it and see better results.

Researchers mentioned that our personality affects how we respond to and engage with exercise. Think of it from a different perspective, like a person who enjoys talking and having conversations with people, they fair better in jobs that allow more face-to-face interactions. Similarly, this study explains that some aspects of our personality could help us find better results with a certain type of exercise. Understanding ourselves and others can help create personalized fitness plans that lead to lasting changes in how active we are.

How Your Personality Shapes Your Workout Choices

Researchers wanted to make physical activity more enjoyable for people. So, they explored how personality affects what kind of exercise people prefer and how committed they are. They studied 86 individuals over eight weeks. First, participants filled out surveys about their stress levels and personality traits, like how friendly or anxious they tend to be. Then, they underwent fitness tests and were divided into two groups:

• A "resting" group that continued their usual daily activities and did some light stretching each week.
• Another group that performed cycling and strength training at home.

Throughout the study, participants regularly reported how much they enjoyed their exercise sessions.

Finding the Best Workout for Your Personality

The study didn't pinpoint exact exercises for specific personality types, but it did reveal some general patterns connecting what are called the "Big 5" personality traits with workout preferences:

• Extroverts often enjoy intense workouts with other people, like team sports.
• Anxious individuals tend to prefer private workouts with breaks built in.
• Conscientious people generally fit in more physical activity each week and show better overall fitness.
• Agreeable people like to exercise for a while but prefer activities that are less intense.
• Open-minded individuals are willing to try different workouts, but they might rate very strenuous or high-intensity exercises lower than other groups.

It makes a lot of sense that your personality strongly affects your workout preferences. Your traits influence your willingness to try new things, how you feel about effort, and your comfort in different environments, making exercise a natural way for these tendencies to show up.

Experts note that this study was stronger because it used objective measurements rather than just relying on what people reported about themselves, which is common in similar research.

However, the study wasn't perfect. More than 70% of participants were described as open-minded, conscientious, and emotionally stable, meaning the group might not fully represent everyone in the general population. Plus, the study didn't account for participants' past exercise experience or why they chose particular workouts.

Your Fitness Journey, Your Choices

Tailoring your fitness program to your personality could potentially boost your exercise gains and overall health. Finding workouts that people will actually do and stick with is crucial for consistent physical activity.

If you're thinking about trying a new workout, experts suggest reflecting on your own personality traits and the types of activities you usually gravitate toward. It's helpful to pay attention to how you feel after different types of sessions, whether it's a strength workout, yoga, or a run. Ask yourself if it energizes you, calms you down, or just makes you too tired for anything else.

However, it's also important to think about other factors that might help you stick with an exercise routine, such as how easy it is to access, any injuries you might have, and your specific fitness goals.

Being willing to adapt and create a plan that truly works for you will help you achieve more long-term benefits. Setting clear goals that include measurable progress is an excellent way to build towards success.

For beginners, weight exercises may seem tedious and something that will take a long time to show results. Many people also find that sometimes even despite exercising regularly, slow progress can make them feel discouraged, leading them to grow tired of working out. However, research shows that you do not need countless hours of working out, there is a specific point and set of habits that lead to the best results.

A new study, a preprint posted in SportRxiv, reviewed 67 studies to pinpoint what exercise habits led to the best muscle and strength improvements. The findings indicate that while doing more sets in a weightlifting session helps with both muscle strength and growth, there's a point where it stops being as effective.

How Many Sets Are Best Per Workout?

One of the study's authors noted that while there's been much research on how often to train and how many sets to do, fewer studies looked at how to split your activity across different workouts. To find answers, the team analyzed many studies involving thousands of people. They looked at two types of sets:

• Direct sets which are exercises that primarily work a specific muscle.
• Indirect sets are exercises where a muscle is working, but it's not the main focus (counted as "half" a set).

Their analysis showed that muscle and strength generally increased with more sets per session. However, the data also showed a stopping point. Muscle growth leveled off after about 11 indirect sets in a single session. On the other hand Strength gains leveled off after around two direct sets in a single session. This means that the first few sets you do in a workout give you the biggest benefits. More sets do seem to help, but only up to a certain point.

Creating Your Ideal Strength Routine

The study's findings can help people make their workouts more efficient and plan their weight training. For strength, it makes sense to train more often—about two to three times a week—with relatively few sets each time. This approach also works for muscle growth. Alternatively, for muscle growth, you could go to the gym less often but do a few more sets in each session. Even if you're not super strict about your routine, know that regular, moderate strength exercise can have a big positive impact on your health.

Why Fewer Sets Can Lead to More Gains

It might seem strange that doing fewer sets could lead to more strength, but these findings match what earlier research has shown.

Fewer sets with heavier weights have long been known to increase strength by helping you improve your ability to produce force. The initial challenging sets help to use the most muscle fibers and kickstart most of the strength-building processes.

Basically, once you've done one or two hard sets, more sets after that add very little extra benefit. Instead, they add a lot more tiredness and make your recovery time longer. If you train too much over time, you'll feel more tired and won't perform as well, especially when it comes to pure strength.

Using Research to Plan Your Next Workout

Whether you're a fitness enthusiast or just starting, this research can guide you on how to get the most out of your weight training: try focusing on just a few sets, repeated about three times throughout the week.

For beginners, it's suggested to start with fewer sets and add more if you stop seeing results. When it comes to the ideal number of repetitions in each set, it depends on your fitness goals:

• Fewer reps (about 1 to 5) are good for strength and power.
• About 6 to 12 reps are best for building muscle.
• Between 13 and 20 reps are recommended for muscle endurance.
• Make sure to allow enough rest between workouts for the same muscle groups
• It also helps to track your workouts—like how many sets, reps, and what weight you lifted—and adjust based on how your body responds.

Running is one of the best ways to fit exercise in your day. Many people enjoy endurance, muscle control, and the co-ordination test that comes with running. However, it can also be an intimidating task; many people are afraid to commit to running as it is not only tiring but also causes muscle spasm and fatigue for those who are not used to running. If the thought of running feels overwhelming or like a huge commitment, you are not alone. There's a less intimidating way to start, which is called slow running. This approach makes running accessible and enjoyable for everyone.

What is "Slow Running"?

The Cleveland Clinic explains that "slow running," also known as low-intensity running, is similar to jogging. The main idea is that by reducing your pace, you can cover more miles and train your body in several beneficial ways. This approach helps build endurance and strengthens your muscles, heart, and lungs.

Overall, it allows your body to adapt to the demands of running and helps prevent injuries, which will ultimately help you run faster in the long run. There's a lot of evidence showing how much your body's ability to use oxygen can improve with slow running.

The best way to understand slow running is to think of it as a comfortable jog. It's a pace where you can easily hold a conversation without huffing and puffing between words. You should even be able to sing along to music if you wanted to. It's an effort you could seemingly sustain forever.

Why Do People Go For Slow Running?

What "slow" means in terms of speed is different for everyone. For example, someone who typically finishes a 5K race in 18 minutes will have a "slow" pace that's still faster than someone who usually takes 25 minutes for a 5K.

When you finish a slow run, you might even feel like you could keep going, instead of feeling tired and out of breath. Your slow run should feel comfortable, not overly challenging.

The goal isn't to stop pushing yourself completely. It's about being smart with your training. You want a good mix of intense and easy runs. Most of your runs should be slow, while others should be where you push for speed. A good general rule is that about 80% of your runs should be slow, and the other 20% should be faster. However, this can depend on your training goals, experience, and past injuries.

If you track your heart rate, for most of your slow runs, you'll want to stay in Zone Two, which is typically around 55% to 65% of your maximum predicted heart rate.

Benefits of Slow Running

Still not convinced that running slower will help you achieve your speed goals? Here are some key benefits:

Builds Endurance

Slow running helps you improve your stamina and ability to resist fatigue. This is because it enhances the function of your mitochondria, which produce most of your body's energy. By running slowly, you can increase the number of mitochondria and improve oxygen delivery to your muscles, allowing you to run longer before feeling tired.

Strengthens Your Body

It helps your joints, ligaments, tendons, and bones adapt to the stress of running. It also strengthens your muscles, heart, and lungs. Running at a slower pace can help you focus on and improve your running technique.

Reduces Injury Risk

When you sprint or run fast, there's much more impact and demand on your body, increasing the risk of injury. Slow running reduces this wear and tear, helping you stay healthy and run longer over time. While there's a place for fast efforts, easy miles are crucial for injury protection.

Gradual Speed Improvement

By consistently building your endurance and heart efficiency through slow running, you'll notice that your "slow" pace gradually becomes faster over months or even a year. For example, if your slow runs are currently a 10-minute mile pace where you can easily chat, you'll find that over time, that same comfortable effort will result in a faster mile time.