The United States has long been known as a uniquely challenging place to survive. But recent research paints a more alarming picture: Millennials and older Gen Z adults that is, people aged 25 to 44 are dying at rates far higher than their peers in other wealthy nations. And COVID-19, despite playing a significant part, only formed part of a much larger and more systemic issue that unfolded over decades.

Each year, approximately three million Americans pass away. Comparing U.S. mortality rates to other affluent nations uncovers a staggering fact: a quarter of those deaths might have been avoided if the U.S. mortality rate was comparable to that of its counterparts. For Millennials alone, the difference becomes staggering. Of Americans aged 25 to 44, a whopping 62 percent of deaths are "excess deaths," i.e., practically two out of every three deaths in this age group would not have happened if conditions were on par with other industrialized countries.

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CDC data emphasizes that death rates in young adults, merging the 25–34 and 35–44 groups, vary between 148 and 237 deaths per 100,000 individuals each year. Of all Americans under age 65, nearly half of the deaths are excess deaths. This terrifying trend indicates an endemic, systemic issue in U.S. health, social, and economic systems.

Has COVID-19 Amplified The Pre-Existing Mortality Trends?

It would be naive to blame this crisis on COVID-19 alone, though the pandemic certainly exacerbated it. Nonelderly Americans suffered disproportionately high deaths relative to their peers in other rich countries. While COVID played a part in driving up the numbers, the American health disadvantage has been rising steadily for decades, decades before the pandemic, and continues to rise in the post-pandemic era.

A 2023 estimate found about 700,000 "missing Americans"—individuals who perished in 2023 but would have been alive had they been living in a different developed nation. This figure matches nearly to the exact number based on pre-pandemic projections, highlighting that America is more deadly by its very nature, particularly among young adults.

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What Are The Systemic Factors Behind the Crisis?

Why are Millennials dying at such high rates? Experts cite a range of interrelated factors. Deindustrialization has left college-educated Americans economically exposed. Flimsy social safety nets—protecting unemployment, healthcare, and pensions—provide inadequate protection relative to other rich countries. Structural deficiencies in the U.S. health system, including underinsurance, high co-payments, and coverage gaps, compound these vulnerabilities.

In addition, lifestyle and public health issues, such as permissive gun laws, extended commuting, increasing rates of obesity and chronic disease, also contribute to mortality. For Millennials, these complicate the intersection with a variety of external stressors: job uncertainty, increasing living costs, and restricted access to quality healthcare.

The Opioid Epidemic and Mental Health Crisis

Opioid epidemic is one of the leading causes of Millennials' excess deaths. According to public health agencies, Millennial opioid overdose fatalities increased more than 500 percent between 1999 and 2017, while synthetic opioid death rates have risen by 6,000 percent. Overdose fatalities, in addition to increasing suicide, homicide, and accident rates, have added to the mortality crisis.

Pandemic stressors amplified these issues. Loss of employment, financial instability, and social isolation led to increased instances of substance use disorders and depression among young adults, compounding mortality patterns already on an upward trend.

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Obesity and Chronic Disease

Obesity is another key factor. Millennials between 30 and 39 have the highest rate of obesity of any age group in the U.S., at 46.4 percent. This severely raises the risk of diabetes, heart disease, and various cancers. Although obesity is a problem across all age groups, it is most important during young adulthood, adding to mortality risks already increased by socio-economic and healthcare disparities.

Economic Disillusionment and Future Prospects

Millennials have also confronted distinct economic and social challenges. Joining adulthood amid the Great Recession, many found themselves unable to achieve financial security, homeownership, or advancement in their careers. The pandemic only added to these challenges, resulting in increased financial insecurity among young adults with restricted health-promoting resource access.

With social mobility on the decline and economic opportunity still in doubt, stress, worry, and unhealthy behaviors become amplified in a vicious cycle. Technological changes and AI-led changes in the workforce could further widen income inequality and access to care, making Millennials even more exposed.

Policy Implications and the Need for Intervention

The glaring disparity in mortality underscores the imperative for policy action. Social safety nets including Medicaid, public health initiatives, and access to affordable care need to be improved to avert more fatalities. Investing in mental health care, treatment of addiction, and preventive care among young adults is the key to halting this ominous trend.

As the Millennial and Gen Z populations approach half of the U.S. electorate, addressing their health and economic inequities is not only a moral imperative but also a political necessity. Policymakers must recognize that investing in the health and well-being of early adults is key to ensuring the country’s long-term social and economic stability.

Is An Entire Generation at Risk?

The American death crisis among Millennials and early Gen Z adults is multifaceted, multi-faceted, and seriously troubling. Between 1980 and 2023, there were nearly 14.7 million excess deaths in the United States, and early adults were disproportionately hit. From the opioid crisis to disease, economic insecurity, and systemic gaps in health care, the drivers of this crisis are complex and widespread.

Without immediate action, these trends will persist, putting Millennials and Gen Z Americans at greater risk of death than comparable peers worldwide. An intervention addressing the underlying causes access to healthcare, financial stability, public health programs, and mental health care is necessary to get young Americans not just to survive but to thrive in a nation that has long neglected to safeguard them.

With Nebraska reporting its first case of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) in dairy cattle last month, officials in three Midwestern states have now confirmed new outbreaks of H5N1 in poultry on commercial farms. While not the first for these states, the latest detections highlight the ongoing presence of the virus. In Iowa, this marks the state’s eighth outbreak in domestic birds this year, and Minnesota has reported eight poultry outbreaks since mid-September.

H5N1 Strikes Poultry Farms Across US

The Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship (IDALS) and the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) confirmed the latest H5N1 case on October 2. Officials discovered the virus in a commercial turkey flock in west-central Iowa. Iowa’s previous poultry outbreak was recorded in April.

Minnesota reported two outbreaks on September 28 at commercial breeder poultry farms in Becker and Otter Tail Counties, which are adjacent to one another in the state’s west-central region. Together, the two farms house over 36,000 birds, according to the University of Minnesota.

Wisconsin followed with another confirmation on October 1 of H5N1 in a commercial flock in Jefferson County, located between Madison and Milwaukee. The Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection (DATCP) issued guidance urging all livestock owners to strengthen biosecurity measures to prevent the virus from spreading to their animals.

What Is H5N1?

H5N1 is a highly pathogenic strain of avian influenza, commonly called bird flu, which primarily infects birds but can also spread to humans and other mammals through close contact with infected animals or contaminated environments. While human-to-human transmission is uncommon, the infection can be severe and has a high mortality rate. The virus has spread worldwide among wild birds and poultry and has recently been detected in mammals, including dairy cows. Health authorities recommend avoiding raw milk and taking protective measures when handling animals, according to the World Health Organization.

Can H5N1 Affect Humans?

Yes, H5N1 can infect humans, causing symptoms such as eye irritation, respiratory problems, and gastrointestinal issues. Although transmission between humans is rare, those who have direct contact with infected birds, mammals like dairy cows, or contaminated environments are at higher risk, per WHO guidelines.

How Humans Get Infected

• Contact with infected animals: Handling sick or deceased poultry, wild birds, or dairy cows can lead to infection.
• Contaminated surfaces: Touching surfaces contaminated with virus-containing fluids from infected birds or animals and then touching your eyes, nose, or mouth.
• Contaminated food: Consuming raw milk from infected cows or other foods contaminated with the live virus.

Is Bird Flu Contagious?

Bird flu rarely spreads from person to person. While a few cases of human-to-human transmission have been documented, none occurred in the U.S. Nearly all human infections so far have resulted from direct contact with infected animals. Still, any human infection carries a risk that the virus could mutate and spread more easily between people.

Advanced DNA sequencing and innovative stem cell research have allowed an international team of scientists to identify a new form of diabetes that affects infants. This rare type of diabetes can appear in babies under six months old, causing symptoms such as fatigue, poor weight gain, and excessive thirst. Using cutting-edge DNA sequencing and a novel stem cell model, researchers from the University of Exeter in the UK and Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) pinpointed mutations in the TMEM167A gene, which is linked to this uncommon form of neonatal diabetes. Let’s take a closer look at the study.

The Study and Its Findings

Published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation (JCI), the study involved researchers from the University of Exeter Medical School, ULB in Belgium, and other collaborators. They discovered that more than 85% of neonatal diabetes cases registered are associated with a genetic mutation. Advanced DNA sequencing and the new stem cell model enabled the team to identify alterations in the TMEM167A gene, which is responsible for this rare condition in infants.

Role of TMEM167A Gene

Investigating how this gene influences diabetes in babies under six months, Professor Miriam Cnop and her team at ULB found that when the TMEM167A gene is altered, insulin-producing cells fail to function properly. This triggers cellular stress mechanisms that can even lead to cell death.

“Identifying the DNA changes behind diabetes in infants gives us a unique window into the genes that are essential for insulin production and secretion. In this collaborative study, pinpointing specific DNA mutations in six children helped us uncover the role of the little-known TMEM167A gene, showing its crucial role in insulin secretion,” explained Dr. Elisa de Franco of the University of Exeter.

What Is Neonatal Diabetes?

Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a rare form of diabetes caused by a single gene mutation, showing up within the first six months of a baby’s life. It leads to high blood sugar because the body doesn’t produce enough insulin. In some cases, the condition is permanent, lasting a lifetime, while in others, it may disappear during infancy but could return later in life.

Symptoms of Neonatal Diabetes

According to the Nationwide Children’s Hospital, infants under six months with neonatal diabetes may display symptoms such as dehydration, increased hunger, and frequent wet diapers.

How Common Is Neonatal Diabetes?

Neonatal diabetes is an extremely rare condition that appears in babies within the first six months of life. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) estimates it occurs in roughly 1 in every 90,000 to 400,000 births.

Neonatal Diabetes: What Parents Should Keep in Mind

Parents of infants diagnosed with neonatal diabetes should monitor their baby closely for signs of dehydration, unusual fatigue, or poor feeding. Regular medical check-ups and frequent blood sugar monitoring are crucial. It’s also important to maintain a consistent feeding schedule and follow the treatment plan prescribed by pediatric endocrinologists. Early intervention, careful observation, and support from healthcare providers can help manage symptoms and ensure healthier growth and development.

India Declares Three Cough Syrups ‘Toxic’ After DEG Contamination

While Coldrif was linked to all the child deaths, regulators in India, the world’s third-largest medicine producer have now advised consumers to avoid Respifresh TR and ReLife as well. None of these syrups have been exported, though the WHO warned of potential risks through unregulated channels.

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Details of the Three DEG-Contaminated Cough Syrups

Health alerts from Gujarat and other states describe both Respifresh and ReLife as containing DEG, “a toxic chemical that can cause serious poisoning, including kidney failure, neurological complications, and even death, particularly in children.”

COLDRIF

This syrup was linked to the deaths of children from Madhya Pradesh, who mostly died of kidney failure in government hospitals in other states. Produced by Sresan Pharmaceutical Manufacturer in Tamil Nadu, tests found it contained 48.6% diethylene glycol, far above the 0.1% limit set by India and WHO. The syrup has been banned, and the company owner has been arrested.

RESPIFRESH TR

So far, this syrup has not been linked to any deaths. It is manufactured by Rednex Pharmaceuticals in Gujarat and was found to contain 1.342% DEG, according to WHO reports. The syrup has been recalled, and the company has been ordered to halt production of all medical products.

RELIFE

Relife syrup also has not been connected to any deaths. Made by Shape Pharma in Gujarat in January 2025, with an expiry date of December 2026, it was found to contain 0.616% DEG. Like Respifresh, it has been recalled and production of all products by the company has been suspended.

WHO Calls Out Gap in India’s Cough Syrup Testing

In response to nationwide outrage over children’s deaths in Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan, the WHO highlighted a “regulatory gap” in India regarding the testing for diethylene glycol and ethylene glycol in domestically marketed medicines. The agency also warned that such contaminated products could reach other countries through unregulated channels.

The WHO expressed deep sorrow over the deaths and extended condolences to the families. It said it had contacted the Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO) for clarification on the contaminated medicines and whether they had been exported. The CDSCO confirmed that DEG was detected in at least three cough syrups, Coldrif, Respifresh TR, and ReLife.

Coldrif Owner Arrested

The owner of Tamil Nadu-based Sresan Pharma, G Ranganathan, was arrested early Thursday morning in connection with the adulterated cough syrup case. The arrest followed the deaths of over 20 children from Madhya Pradesh who had consumed the contaminated syrup allegedly manufactured at the company’s facility. The Tamil Nadu government had previously sealed the factory after the incident came to light.