Inside all your blood vessels is a layer of specialized cells called the endothelium. But inside your brain, this layer is different. While this layer allows the exchange of fluids, nutrients, and gases between the blood and surrounding tissues in the rest of the body, it is tightly packed in the inside of your brain's blood vessels and forms the blood-brain barrier.

They're so tightly packed that there's almost no space for anything to slip through without help. These cells have a lipid-based outer membrane. It is because of this tightly packed structure that it is able to defend the brain from harmful substances, germs and other dangerous things. Besides, this layer also protects the delicate chemical balance inside the brain.

Now, a new research study, led by Jonathan D Santoro, MD, Director of the Neuroimmunology Program at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, linked the dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier and inflammation in the central nervous system with Down syndrome Regression Disorder (DSRD). The study was published in the Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology in February 2025. The researchers analyzed cerebrospinal fluid from three groups-individuals with DSRD, those with neuroinflammatory conditions like multiple sclerosis, and healthy controls. Using advanced proteomic, metabolomic, and immune marker profiling, they found that DSRD patients showed signs of neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier dysfunction—similar to patterns seen in other immune-related neurological disorders. The study, led by Dr. Santoro, found elevated immune proteins and metabolites indicating a disrupted immune system and poor barrier integrity in the brain. These findings support the idea that DSRD may be driven by immune-related processes.

What Is Down Syndrome?

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How To Identify Down Syndrome?

People with Down syndrome may showcase various degrees of symptoms, depending on the severity of their condition. From behavioural to cognitive differences being traced with the average person as context - there are certain recognisable tell-tale signs of Down syndrome.

Some behavioural symptoms of this condition may include impulsiveness, stubbornness, obsessive disorders and compulsive movements. They may often throw tantrums and fail to pay attention for long spans of time.

Besides, there are physical symptoms too, which may also manifest in the child, and become more prominent as they grow up. For example, upward pointed slanting eyes, a flatter nose bridge region, shorter neck, smaller hands, ears and feet, palmar crease, small-pinky finger inclining towards the thumb, overall shorter stature and non-prominent muscle tone are some physical signs of the condition.

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Six weeks after undergoing breast cancer surgery, singer Jessie J revealed that she was unexpectedly hospitalized again, this time due to a suspected lung issue. The 37-year-old artist, known for her chart-topping hits like Price Tag and Domino, shared that she returned to the same hospital ward where she had recovered post-surgery.

In an emotional update on Instagram, she wrote: “Six weeks post-surgery and I was back in the same ward I was after my surgery. Not expected or planned.”

Doctors initially suspected a blood clot in her lung due to concerning symptoms, but further tests ruled that out. Instead, they discovered she had an infection and a small amount of fluid in her lungs. The exact source of the infection is still being investigated.

Despite ongoing symptoms and difficulty breathing, Jessie J said she chose to discharge herself from the hospital: “I hate being in hospital and will continue the investigation as an outpatient.”

What Happened To Her?

The singer said she was experiencing troubling symptoms that hinted at a pulmonary embolism. “I had and still have symptoms that pointed towards a blood clot on the lung. IT IS NOT A BLOOD CLOT THANK GOD,” she shared. “They ran a lot of tests, which ended up showing I have an infection (still trying to figure out what) and a little fluid on my lungs.”

In the post, she also included a photo showing a cannula inserted in her arm, highlighting the seriousness of her condition and the fatigue that comes with recovery.

Adjusting to a Slower Recovery

The singer underwent a mastectomy and breast reconstruction surgery after being diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer earlier this year. In July, she had celebrated the news that there was no sign of cancer spread.

However, her latest update highlights the emotional and physical toll of recovery. “The recovery physically is far from quick or easy,” she said. “And mentally, it’s been the most challenging time for me, especially as a mum with a toddler and being unable to be the mother I usually am.”

Jessie J welcomed her son, Sky Safir Cornish Colman, in 2023 after previously experiencing a miscarriage in 2021. She has been open about the complexities of motherhood alongside serious health challenges.

Impact on Career and Mental Health

The star also spoke about the career setbacks caused by her ongoing health issues. “Having to change the plans for my career for this year has been frustrating after working so hard to get to this point and excited to do it all. But it’s life. I know that,” she admitted.

She said that while getting the all-clear from cancer was “incredible,” it didn’t make the physical healing from surgery any easier. The reality, she added, is that recovery takes time and patience.

A Reminder to Slow Down

Known for her high-energy performances and fierce work ethic, Jessie J described the shift in pace as a tough adjustment. “As an ADHD Aries, fire-breathing dragon T-Rex, I can do it myself, I’m always ok woman. That slow pace has been a hard reality to accept to be honest,” she wrote.

Despite the frustrations, she acknowledged that this health scare served as a wake-up call. “This isn’t a speedy recovery, and it isn’t meant to be,” she said. “It’s a reminder to myself to slow down, even though I felt I already was.”

Jessie J's History of Health Battles

This isn’t Jessie J’s first experience with serious health issues. Diagnosed with a heart condition at the age of eight, she suffered a minor stroke at 18 and temporarily lost hearing in 2020. Yet despite her setbacks, the Brit Award-winning artist has remained candid about her health journey and determined to keep going.

Jharkhand Education Minister Ramdas Soren remains in critical condition after suffering a severe brain injury following a fall in the bathroom at his residence early Saturday morning.

According to officials, the minister was initially admitted to a hospital in Jamshedpur, where doctors detected a blood clot in his brain. He was later airlifted to a private hospital in Delhi for more advanced treatment.

Health Minister Irfan Ansari confirmed the incident and said that Soren’s condition deteriorated rapidly after the fall. “Ramdas Soren’s health suddenly declined. He suffered a serious brain injury and internal bleeding in the brain. I have been in constant touch with his family and am monitoring the situation closely,” Ansari said.

Airlifted to Delhi for Advanced Care

After initial treatment in Jamshedpur, the decision was made to transfer the minister to Delhi for more specialized care. Former Union Minister and senior BJP leader Arjun Munda, who was present at Sonari Airport during the airlift, said, “I have spoken to the director of Delhi Apollo Hospital, and he has assured that treatment will begin as soon as the minister reaches. The doctors have diagnosed a brain hemorrhage due to a sudden increase in pressure. His condition is critical, but we are hopeful.”

On Saturday evening, the Delhi hospital issued a statement confirming that the minister was on life support and under the care of a multidisciplinary team of senior specialists. “A close watch is being kept on all vital parameters,” a spokesperson for the hospital said.

Understanding Brain Hemorrhage: What Happened to Ramdas Soren?

A brain hemorrhage, commonly known as a brain bleed, occurs when there is bleeding either inside the brain tissue or in the space between the brain and the skull. It is a medical emergency that can cause damage by increasing pressure on the brain, reducing oxygen supply, and killing brain cells.

Doctors categorize brain hemorrhages based on where the bleeding occurs:

Bleeding Outside Brain Tissue (Within Skull)

Epidural Hemorrhage: Occurs between the skull and the outer membrane (dura mater)

Subdural Hemorrhage: Bleeding between the dura mater and the arachnoid membrane

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Bleeding between the arachnoid and the innermost membrane (pia mater)

Bleeding Inside Brain Tissue

Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Bleeding within the brain’s tissues

Intraventricular Hemorrhage: Bleeding into the brain’s internal cavities that hold cerebrospinal fluid

In Soren’s case, doctors suspect a form of intracerebral or subdural hemorrhage, given the mention of clotting and pressure build-up.

Symptoms and Risks

Brain bleeds can come on suddenly and include symptoms like severe headache, nausea, vomiting, confusion, weakness or numbness (especially on one side of the body), vision problems, dizziness, seizures, slurred speech, and even coma. A particular warning sign is the so-called “thunderclap headache”, a sudden, intense pain that can signal a subarachnoid hemorrhage.

When not treated immediately, such bleeds can be fatal or lead to long-term neurological complications. In some cases, surgery is required to relieve pressure and remove clots.

What’s Next?

As of Saturday night, Ramdas Soren continues to remain on life support. No additional medical bulletins have been released since his transfer to Delhi, but officials have indicated that his condition is still being evaluated. “We are hoping for positive progress, but his condition remains critical,” said Arjun Munda.

Family members and close colleagues are at the hospital, and the Jharkhand government has said it will provide all necessary support for his treatment.

The political and public community has expressed concern and extended wishes for the minister’s speedy recovery. Further updates are awaited from the hospital and health authorities.

FDA Recalls Butter: In a growing food safety alert, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has escalated a butter recall to a Class II risk level following concerns over undeclared allergens. The product in question, European Style Butter Blend manufactured by Bunge North America Inc., was found to contain milk that was not listed on the packaging label.

Class II Recall Indicates Moderate Health Risk

The risk reclassification, issued on Wednesday, July 30, places the product under the FDA’s second-highest warning level. According to the FDA, a Class II recall involves “a situation in which use of or exposure to a violative product may cause temporary or medically reversible adverse health consequences or where the probability of serious adverse health consequences is remote.”

While no illnesses or allergic reactions have been reported so far, the undeclared presence of milk poses a potential health hazard to people with dairy allergies or lactose intolerance.

Initial Voluntary Recall Announced in Mid-July

The recall began as a voluntary measure by Bunge on July 14, when the company announced it was pulling approximately 64,800 pounds, or 1,800 cases, of its one-pound butter blocks from shelves. The recalled butter was packed in white paperboard cases, each containing 36 one-pound blocks.

The affected products carry the lot code 5064036503 and were shipped to 12 distribution centers across the United States and one in the Dominican Republic.

Why the Undeclared Milk Is a Serious Concern

Milk is one of the nine major food allergens identified by the FDA, alongside eggs, fish, crustacean shellfish, tree nuts, peanuts, wheat, soybeans, and sesame. The FDA mandates clear labeling of such allergens because exposure, even in small amounts, can cause a range of reactions, from mild discomfort to life-threatening symptoms.

Food-related allergic reactions may include hives, facial swelling, vomiting, coughing, and skin irritation. More severe responses can result in anaphylaxis, a rapid-onset, whole-body allergic reaction that may lead to shock and, in extreme cases, death.

According to the Mayo Clinic, anaphylaxis occurs when the immune system floods the body with chemicals in response to an allergen. This can cause a sudden drop in blood pressure, narrowing of the airways, and potential organ failure if not treated immediately.

FDA Reiterates Importance of Allergen Labeling

In light of the recall, the FDA has emphasized the importance of allergen labeling and said it continues to enforce regulations requiring companies to clearly list all ingredients and potential allergens on packaging.

“More specific labeling requirements exist for foods that can cause allergies or other hypersensitivity reactions,” the agency stated. “These rules are designed to prevent accidental consumption of allergens and to protect consumers with dietary restrictions.”

The FDA also advised that anyone who experiences symptoms of an allergic reaction after consuming the recalled butter should “stop eating the food immediately, evaluate the need to use emergency medication (such as epinephrine), and seek medical attention.”

Company Yet to Comment

As of August 2, Bunge North America has not issued an updated public statement in response to the FDA’s reclassification and did not respond to a request for comment.

Food Safety Under Scrutiny Amid Other Recent Recalls

This butter recall follows a string of other high-profile food safety incidents this year. In recent weeks, more than 110,000 cases of popular chocolate ice cream bars were recalled across 23 states. Target-branded baby food was also pulled from shelves for containing “elevated levels of lead.”