Five years have come and gone since the world first got acquainted with the virus that would eventually be known by the name SARS-CoV-2. Originating in Wuhan, China, in late 2019, the new coronavirus had unleashed a global pandemic which had laid bare vulnerabilities in public health systems, redesigned societal norms, and left a very complex medical and emotional legacy that humanity grapples with today. The virus remains a dynamic force in the public health domain, demanding attention and adaptation from the end.

Tracing the Origins of SARS-CoV-2 and Unanswered Questions

The origin of SARS-CoV-2 is the most highly contested area of discussion for the origin of the pandemic. It is common knowledge that bats are a known reservoir for coronaviruses, and it is possible that they could have transmitted the virus to humans through intermediary species such as raccoon dogs, civet cats, or bamboo rats. This is similar to the mode by which the SARS virus was transmitted in the early 2000s.

However, other theories indicate that the virus could have leaked from a laboratory, as Wuhan is a hub for coronavirus research. Political tensions and lack of access to crucial data have further made it difficult to identify the origins of the virus. According to WHO Director Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, the true origins might never be known, at least not in years to come.

Assessing the Global Human Toll and the Pandemic's Impact

The human cost due to COVID-19 has been so massive, with the World Health Organization now estimating that well over 20 million people died from the coronavirus pandemic, despite official records having reported more than 7 million deaths.

In the United States, the virus still disproportionately affects the older population. Last year, deaths averaged at around 900 per week. The majority of hospitalizations and deaths are people aged 75 years and above. Though mortality rates have reduced, the persistent presence of the virus underlines the continued public health interventions that are needed.

Also Read: New Virus Outbreak In China After COVID-19: What is HMPV? Know Symptoms And Preventive Measures

Rapid Development and Role of Vaccines

The rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines marked a watershed moment in medical science. Leveraging mRNA technology, scientists at Pfizer and Moderna achieved what was previously unimaginable: effective vaccines available within a year of the virus's identification. These vaccines have been instrumental in reducing severe disease and death, with over 13 billion doses administered globally since 2021.

Despite these success stories, vaccine limitations remain. The immunity declines gradually and requires a booster to deal with emerging variants.

Public frustration with repeated vaccination has once again necessitated a need for next-generation products including nasal vaccines which may better prevent infection.

Variants Strains and Their Challenges

As viruses replicate, genetic mutations occur, giving rise to variants. From alpha to omicron, SARS-CoV-2 has consistently adapted, posing challenges for scientists and public health officials.

Omicron, which emerged late in 2021, was on average less virulent than its predecessor, delta, partly because of increased population immunity. But its subvariants, such as XEC—now dominant in the U.S.—continue to demand attention. While existing vaccines and treatments remain effective against many of these variants, the virus's evolution underscores the importance of ongoing surveillance and vaccine updates.

Challenges of Long COVID

Long COVID represents the puzzling, often debilitating after-effect of this virus. An illness that already affects millions across the globe presents as long-standing symptoms: including fatigue, impairments to thinking and cognition--often termed "brain fog," and cardiovascular difficulties. Such manifestations can be persisting for months or even years, drastically diminishing quality of life.

Research into long COVID is in its infancy. There is some evidence that vaccination reduces the risk, but it can occur in anyone, of any age, and even without severe infection. Some emerging evidence may relate to the presence of residual virus in some, but not all, affected individuals; however, this does not explain all cases. The discovery of effective treatments should be the priority.

Lessons Learned From COVID-19 For Future Pandemics

COVID-19 has exposed the disparities in global healthcare systems, from unequal vaccine distribution to unequal access to life-saving treatments. It has also highlighted the importance of scientific collaboration and the resilience of communities in the face of unprecedented challenges.

Looking ahead, public health priorities must include the development of universal coronavirus vaccines, strengthening of global surveillance systems, and expansion of healthcare infrastructure to address future pandemics. Equally critical is combating misinformation, which has eroded public trust and hampered vaccination campaigns.

As we look back on five years since SARS-CoV-2 burst onto the world stage, it is evident that the virus has been a serious opponent. Despite vaccines and natural immunity reducing the immediate threat, an evolving virus, along with the impact of long COVID, reminds us of the problems yet to be overcome.

CDC Museum COVID-19 Timeline. CDC

Netflix and adult film star Kylie Page's sudden death just at the age of 28 has come has a shock for the entertainment industry and her family. She was found dead at her apartment on June 25 after a friend called the cops when the friend was unable to reach her.

By the time the fire department arrived at her Hollywood residence, she had already been pronounced dead.

Kylie Page Death Reason

According to US Weekly's report the evidence suspect a drug overdose case as the police confirmed for finding fentanyl and drug paraphernalia. According to publicly available records from the Los Angeles County Medical Examiner, her cause of death is currently listed as “deferred,” indicating further investigation is underway, possibly involving suspected foul play. Her death was confirmed by the Canadian adult entertainment company she worked for.

Also Read: Kate Middleton Opens Up About Her 'Really Difficult' Time During Chemotherapy And How Nature Helped Her Heal

"The Brazzers team is deeply saddened to learn of Kylie Page’s passing,” the company said in a statement on X. “Kylie will be remembered for her laughter, kindness, and bringing light wherever she went. We extend our heartfelt condolences to Kylie’s family, friends, and fans during this difficult time.”

Fentanyl & Paraphernalia overdose: How These Drugs Impact Your Body?

Page's death has again reminded people of drug use and abuse in the entertainment industry cases like Matthew Perry's death and Liam Payne's death.

In case of Page, fentanyl and drug paraphernalia was found in her home.

As per the Edge Treatment Center that is licensed by the California State Department of Health Care Services, and US federal law, drug paraphernalia is any device, item, or component of any type which is mainly meant or crafted for the purpose of production, compounding, transforming, obscuring, generating, processing, prepping, injecting, inhaling, consuming, or otherwise including a banned drug into our bodies.

Common Drugs Linked with Paraphernalia

• Marijuana/cannabis
• Cocaine
• Heroin and other opioids
• Methamphetamines
• Ecstasy
• Inhalants

What Is Fentanyl and Why Is It So Dangerous?

As per the United States Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), fentanyl is a potent synthetic opioid drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use as an analgesic (pain relief) and anesthetic. It is approximately 100 times more potent than morphine and 50 times more potent than heroin as an analgesic.

It is also known as Apace, China Girl, China Town, Dance Fever, and by other various names. It can be consumed through snorting, sniffing, smoking, or orally by pill or tablet. It could also be spiked onto blotter paper, patches or sold alone or in combination with heroin and other substances.

How Fentanyl Affects the Body and Mind

As per the National Institute on Drug Abuse, US, Fentanyl and other illegally produced synthetic opioids have played a major role in the overdose crisis in the United States since 2013.

Since about 2017, overdose deaths often involve use of multiple drugs. In many cases, fentanyl is one of these drugs. When fentanyl is mixed with other drugs, either on purpose or unknowingly, the combination can have more serious health effects.

Like other opioid pain relievers, fentanyl can cause a range of effects including relaxation, euphoria, pain relief, sedation, confusion, drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, urinary retention, constricted pupils, and slowed breathing.

In cases of overdose, symptoms may include stupor, altered pupil size, cold and clammy skin, bluish discoloration (cyanosis), coma, and respiratory failure, which can be fatal. A combination of coma, pinpoint pupils, and respiratory depression is a strong indicator of opioid intoxication.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has announced a significant update to the labeling of all extended-release medications used to treat Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The change specifically targets the use of these drugs in children younger than six, warning about the risk of weight loss and other adverse reactions.

What Is ADHD?

ADHD is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that typically begins in childhood. It is characterized by symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that can interfere with a child's development and daily functioning. Treatment usually involves a combination of behavioral therapy and medication, including stimulants like amphetamines and methylphenidate.

Labeling Change Reflects Off-Label Prescribing Trend

Although extended-release stimulants are not approved for use in children under six, the FDA notes that healthcare professionals sometimes prescribe them “off-label” to younger patients. This is typically done in cases where other treatments have failed or when symptoms are especially severe. However, the FDA warns that clinical trials have shown young children process these drugs differently from older children, often resulting in higher concentrations of the medication in the body.

These higher drug levels have been associated with an increased likelihood of side effects, including clinically significant weight loss. As a result, the FDA is requiring drug manufacturers to include a new “Limitation of Use” section in the prescribing information for all extended-release stimulant medications.

This section will outline the risks specific to children under six, including:

• Higher plasma concentrations of the drug
• Greater rates of side effects, including reduced appetite and weight loss
• The fact that extended-release formulations are not approved for this age group

Monitoring and Alternative Options Recommended

For young children already taking extended-release ADHD stimulants, the FDA advises healthcare providers to closely monitor the patient’s growth and development. Pediatricians should regularly chart weight and height to detect early signs of weight loss. If weight loss becomes a concern, alternative treatments should be considered.

These may include:

• Switching to immediate-release stimulants, which may be easier to manage in younger children
• Exploring non-medication interventions, such as behavioral therapies and parent training programs
• Reevaluating the overall treatment plan to ensure it aligns with the child’s developmental needs and physical health

What Should Parents and Caregivers Do?

Parents and caregivers are encouraged to stay alert for signs of weight loss in children taking extended-release stimulants. If any concerning changes in appetite or weight are noticed, it’s essential to consult the child’s pediatrician. The doctor can then weigh the benefits and potential harms of continuing the current medication and discuss safer alternatives if needed.

The FDA's move comes as part of its ongoing effort to improve pediatric medication safety and ensure that drug use in children is backed by evidence, especially when used outside of official guidelines.

Kate Middleton or Catherine, Princess of Wales reflected on the aftermath of chemotherapy in her first public appearance since she had unexpectedly withdrawn from Royal Ascot just two weeks ago.

She has called the entire experience "really difficult". On her visit to a wellbeing garden at Colchester Hospital in Essex, England on Wednesday, she told the patients, "You put on a sort of brave face, stoicism through treatment, treatment’s done – then it’s like ‘I can crack on, get back to normal.’ But actually the phase afterwards is really difficult, you’re not necessarily under the clinical team any longer, but you’re not able to function normally at home as you perhaps once used to."

Also Read: Kylie Page Death: Netflix Star Sudden Death Raises Questions About Drug Use, As Fentanyl And Drug Paraphernalia Found In Apartment

The reason she visited the hospital garden in the Southeast of England was to "celebrate the incredible healing power of nature", noted Kensington Palace.

She also met with patients and hospital staff at the Cancer Wellbeing Centre "to understand how gardens in healthcare setting play a crucial role in promoting good health outcomes, preventing poor health and supporting increased recovery time."

Now 43, Kate herself has pointed out to the importance of nature in her health journey over the last year.

Is There Any Scientific Proof That Nature Could Actually Heal you?

Lisa A Cooper, MD, MPH writes in the 'Letter from the Director' at John Hopkins Medicine that nature does have healing power. She notes that green spaces play a role in cardiovascular health, and also facilitates to interact with other people who are there to enjoy nature. The American Psychological Association (APA) also noted that spending time in nature is linked to both cognitive benefits and improvements in mood, mental health and emotional well-being. The University of Cincinnati also points out that being out in nature can further reduce anxiety, lower blood pressure, enhance immune system function, and boost self esteem and mood.

Also Read: Scientists Discover 20 New Bat Viruses in China: Global Health Implications and Disease Risk Assessment

In fact in a video, which was posted by Kate on X to mark Mental Health Awareness Week in May, she said, "over the past year, nature has been my sanctuary."

Kate Middleton Cancer Timeline

In March, Princess Kate publicly shared her cancer diagnosis and confirmed she had begun chemotherapy. As she focused on her recovery, she stepped away from the public eye, making only a few limited appearances over the summer. By September, she announced she had completed chemotherapy and was "doing what I can to stay cancer-free."

Since then, the Princess of Wales has been gradually re-engaging with her royal responsibilities. While she has increased her public appearances this year, palace insiders say she is carefully managing her return to balance her health with her official duties.

Earlier this summer, Kate made high-profile appearances at key royal events, including the Trooping the Colour parade in London and the Order of the Garter service in Windsor. However, she later withdrew from the Royal Ascot at the last minute, signaling that her return to full-time royal duties is still being handled with care.

Just last week, Kate resumed in-person engagements, joining Prince William in hosting philanthropist Melinda French Gates at Windsor Castle. The meeting, reportedly focused on their shared philanthropic interests, marked one of her first official engagements in recent weeks.

On Wednesday, the Princess made a meaningful visit to Colchester Hospital, where she helped plant several “Catherine’s Rose” plants—a specially bred rose named in her honor by the Royal Horticultural Society. The visit coincided with the hospital receiving a donation of 50 such plants.

The rose holds special significance: proceeds from its commercial sale will go to The Royal Marsden Cancer Charity, supporting cancer patients through treatment and beyond. The funds will help the charity develop a dedicated program focused on improving quality of life for those living with cancer and those who have completed treatment.

Also Read: Why Everyone Is Suddenly Talking About Ivermectin As A Cancer Breakthrough?

Princess Kate has deepened her connection with the Royal Marsden since her diagnosis. In January, Kensington Palace announced she had been named joint patron of The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, the specialist cancer center in Chelsea, west London, where she received treatment.

Her involvement with the charity and efforts to raise awareness reflect her commitment to supporting others navigating a cancer diagnosis. While her return to public life is cautious and measured, each appearance signals both her resilience and her intention to use her platform for meaningful causes.

As she continues to recover and adjust, the Princess of Wales remains one of the most admired and closely followed members of the royal family—balancing personal healing with her public role.