In a significant shift, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has announced its plan to reduce its reliance on animal testing for drug development. This is especially for monoclonal antibody therapies and other advanced medicines. The agency now plans to use more human-relevant technologies in order to improve safety, lower costs and also speed up the approval process.

Animal History Traces Back To Ages

Animal testing has remained the cornerstone of all experiments, whether medicine or space. Since the 1930s, when the US passed the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in response to the tragic consequence of untested medication, animal testing was mandated. Scientists have been using mice, rats, rabbits and other animals to test for toxicity, side effects, as well ass efficacy before any new drug could be forwarded for human trial.

Over the decades, this practice also helped introduce many life-saving treatments. However, it has also raised ethical concerns and scientific questions, especially on how accurately can animal models really predict human response.

Why Is FDA Now Moving Away From Animal Testing?

The FDA’s new initiative represents a "paradigm shift," according to its Commissioner, Dr. Martin A. Makary. There are several reasons behind this change:

Limited Predictive Value: Drugs that work safely in animals don’t always perform the same way in humans. This mismatch can lead to failed clinical trials or unexpected side effects in people.

Ethical Concerns: As public awareness and concern about animal welfare have grown, so too has the demand for more humane research methods.

Cost and Time: Animal testing is expensive and time-consuming. Each stage of testing can take months or years and cost millions of dollars.

Scientific Advancements: New technologies now offer better ways to model human biology and disease. These methods not only spare animals but also yield more accurate data.

What Can Replace Animal Testing?

The FDA is planning to incorporate innovative tools like computer modeling and AI, human organoids, and organ-on-a-chip technology, as well as real world human data.

How Will these Work? The computer modeling and AI will allow the scientists with the help of simulations to predict how a drug will behave in the human body based on its chemical structure, genetics, and existing medical data.

Furthermore, human organoids are miniature, lab-grown versions of human organs like a liver or brain which are made from stem cells. They also closely mimic how real organs function and could be used to test drug safety and effectiveness.

Organ on a chip technology involves tiny chips that simulate the activity of the entire organ systems. For instance, how the heart beats or the lungs breathe. It allows for more accurate and efficient testing.

The agency is also planning to rely more on existing human clinical data from other countries with comparable regulatory standards. If a drug has already been tested and used abroad, repeating animal testing for the same in the US should not be any longer a mandate.

The new approach will be applied immediately to investigational new drug applications—essentially, the first step in bringing a new treatment to the U.S. market. This means that pharmaceutical companies can now submit non-animal safety data as part of their applications.

Importantly, this doesn’t mean animal testing will be banned entirely. In some cases, it may still be required to answer specific safety questions. However, the goal is to make animal studies the exception, not the rule.

Every year on September 17, the world pauses to reflect on one of the most pressing challenges in healthcare, patient safety. Since its launch by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019, World Patient Safety Day has become a global campaign calling for stronger collaboration, awareness, and action to prevent avoidable harm in healthcare systems.

In 2025, the theme is “Safe care for every newborn and every child”, with the slogan “Patient safety from the start!”. The message is clear: children are not just fragile as they do not have the same levels of immunity as adults, they require special attention, protection, and tailored medical care from the very beginning of life.

Why Patient Safety Matters

Patient safety is not an isolated goal; it is the very foundation of healthcare. Without safe practices, no system can achieve universal health coverage or progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The WHO emphasizes that unsafe care remains one of the top ten causes of death and disability worldwide, disproportionately affecting vulnerable groups such as newborns and children.

The objectives of World Patient Safety Day include:

• Increasing public awareness and commitment to safety.
• Promoting global solidarity for safer healthcare.
• Addressing specific issues that put patients at risk.
• Empowering families and communities to play an active role.

Focus on Children’s Health

Children are particularly vulnerable to risks in healthcare. Unlike adults, they cannot decide which clinic to visit or which treatment to accept. They must rely entirely on parents, caregivers, and healthcare professionals. Their smaller bodies, developing immune systems, and emotional needs mean they often respond differently to illness and medical interventions.

The German Coalition for Patient Safety (APS) stresses that children should not be treated through an “adult lens.” Its slogan for 2025: “Patient safety from childhood onwards, an investment for life", captures the long-term importance of safe care for the youngest patients. APS is also encouraging parents, pediatricians, obstetricians, and nurses to share their experiences and identify both strengths and gaps in healthcare delivery.

A Global Call for Action

The urgency of this year’s theme is evident in global statistics. WHO’s Regional Director for Africa, Dr. Mohamed Janabi, recently highlighted that poor quality care, rather than lack of access, accounts for 60% of maternal deaths and 56% of neonatal deaths in low- and middle-income countries.

While access to hospitals has improved in many regions, unsafe practices, such as inadequate infection prevention, misdiagnosis, or insufficiently trained staff, continue to harm patients. Encouragingly, 21 African countries have already introduced National Quality Policies and Strategies that include patient safety measures like infection control, but more progress is needed.

Building on Past Efforts

World Patient Safety Day campaigns in previous years have focused on areas such as safe childbirth, medication safety, health worker safety, and diagnostic safety. This year’s emphasis on paediatric and newborn care builds on those efforts, recognizing that safety at the start of life shapes long-term health outcomes.

The Global Patient Safety Action Plan 2021–2030 provides a roadmap to strengthen safe practices through:

• Safer clinical processes.
• Improved training and workforce competencies.
• Stronger patient and family engagement.
• Advocacy and education beginning from childhood.

From Awareness to Action

World Patient Safety Day 2025 is not just about raising awareness, it is also about mobilizing concrete action. Governments, hospitals, professional associations, and civil society organizations are being urged to implement sustainable strategies to safeguard children’s health. Parents and caregivers, too, are encouraged to actively participate in their child’s medical journey by asking questions, understanding treatment plans, and advocating for safe care.

Around the world, awareness activities will include advocacy campaigns, technical discussions, and the illumination of landmarks in orange, the signature color of the campaign. These symbolic gestures serve as powerful reminders that safe healthcare is a universal right, not a privilege.

Patient Safety From the Start

This year’s slogan, “Patient safety from the start!”, underscores that ensuring safe care from birth is not optional, it is essential. Protecting children from avoidable harm is both a moral responsibility and an investment in healthier societies.

World Patient Safety Day 2025 is a reminder that safe care is achievable when everyone, from policymakers to frontline nurses, and from parents to international organizations, works together. After all, safeguarding the health of children today ensures a stronger, healthier world tomorrow.

Just 10 days after the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) declared an Ebola virus outbreak in Kasai province, health authorities have rolled out a vaccination drive targeting frontline workers and contacts of patients, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed in its latest update.

First Vaccines Arrive in Bulape

The first consignment of 400 doses of Ervebo (VSV-EBOV) was dispatched to Bulape health zone from a national stockpile of 2,000 doses stored in Kinshasa. Some frontline health workers in the capital had already received the vaccine. The WHO said additional shipments are expected in the coming days to sustain the response effort.

Health teams are deploying a “ring vaccination” strategy, which prioritizes those at the highest risk of infection, including patient contacts and health workers directly exposed to cases.

Also Read: What Is Babesia That Could Block Your Lyme Disease Recovery?

Global Support for Vaccine Supply

To ensure adequate coverage, the International Coordinating Group on Vaccine Provision has approved an additional 45,000 doses to be sent to the DRC. The WHO is assisting the Ministry of Health in formalizing a request for these doses and has also worked with partners to draw up a detailed immunization plan. Training sessions for vaccination teams are underway to streamline the rollout.

Alongside vaccines, treatment options are being reinforced. Courses of the monoclonal antibody therapy MAb114 (ansuvimab-zykl, commercially known as Ebanga) have already been dispatched to treatment centers in Bulape to support patient care.

Rising Case Numbers and Death Toll

Despite these interventions, the outbreak continues to grow. At a meeting of the provincial Ebola emergency committee on September 13, officials reported a sharp increase in infections and fatalities. According to the DRC’s National Public Health Laboratory (INRB), total cases have now risen to 81, with 28 deaths recorded, marking a case-fatality rate of 34.6%.

The latest figures represent a significant jump from a few days earlier, when authorities reported 68 suspected cases (including 20 confirmed) and 16 deaths.

Also Read: Congo Ebola Outbreak Caused By The Zaire Strain So Far Has 28 Deaths, Confirms WHO

Of seven new suspected cases detected in the Bulape health zone, five have been confirmed through laboratory testing. This highlights both the rapid spread of the virus and the crucial role of diagnostic capacity in containing the outbreak.

Expanding Contact Tracing

Efforts to trace and monitor contacts are also being scaled up. Health officials identified 58 new contacts in recent days, bringing the total to 716. Contact tracing is a cornerstone of the response, enabling teams to vaccinate and monitor individuals most likely to have been exposed.

In a further boost to local capacity, another 360 vaccine doses have arrived in Tshikapa, the provincial capital of Kasai. This shipment is expected to support wider vaccination efforts in neighboring areas.

With Ebola continuing to claim lives in Kasai, health authorities in the DRC and their global partners are racing to contain the outbreak. Vaccines, therapeutic drugs, and intensive contact tracing remain at the heart of the strategy. However, the rising case count underscores the urgent need to maintain momentum and secure sufficient supplies before the virus spreads further.

Amoebic meningoencephalitis, a rare and often deadly brain infection caused by the free-living amoeba Naegleria fowleri, has recently raised alarms in Kerala. The state confirmed a new case involving a 17-year-old boy from Thiruvananthapuram, intensifying concerns amid the ongoing 2025 outbreak. Known as the “brain-eating amoeba,” this infection enters the body through the nose and attacks the brain, causing rapid health deterioration and a high risk of death.

The boy is believed to have contracted the infection while bathing in a pool with friends. Following the diagnosis, the Kerala health department has closed the swimming pool at Akkulam Tourist Village and sent water samples for testing.

Brain-Eating Amoeba: What Is This Brain Infection?Brain-eating amoeba is a type of amoeba that usually lives in warm freshwater or unclean, untreated water. When it enters the human body, it causes a deadly infection that inflames and destroys brain tissue. Medically, this condition is called primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM).

You can only contract this infection if water contaminated with the amoeba enters your nose. While Naegleria exists in several species, only Naegleria fowleri is responsible for causing PAM.

ALSO READ: Panic In Kerala As Brain-Eating Amoeba Claims 5 Lives In A Month, 11 Under Watch

Where Can You Find Brain-Eating Amoebas?

• Warm ponds, lakes, and rock formations
• Mud holes
• Rivers with warm currents, especially those with low water levels
• Spas and swimming pools with untreated water
• Untreated municipal or well water
• Geothermal water sources, including hot springs
• Thermally contaminated water, like aquarium runoff from power plants
• Water play areas for children
• Aquatic parks

Brain-Eating Amoeba Cases Surge in Kerala

ALSO READ: ICMR Flags Misuse Of Critical Drugs, Suggests New Antibiotics Be Sold Only In Hospitals

“We urge people to avoid swimming in unchlorinated or stagnant water and to maintain strict hygiene when using water bodies for bathing,” she said. The government has also acted swiftly by closing the implicated swimming pool and enhancing water safety testing protocols.

Prevention remains the most effective protection. Experts recommend:

• Avoid swimming or diving in warm, stagnant freshwater
• Use nose clips when swimming in lakes or rivers
• Avoid putting your head underwater in hot springs or untreated water
• Ensure swimming pools are properly cleaned and chlorinated
• Avoid water-related activities

To tackle waterborne diseases, Kerala has launched the comprehensive ‘Water is Life’ campaign under the Haritha Keralam Mission. This statewide effort emphasises chlorinating wells, cleaning public water sources, and running awareness programmes in schools and local communities.