The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) has urged travellers to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) for Umrah and the upcoming pilgrimages to ensure they are vaccinated against meningococcal disease with the MenACWY vaccine. This notice has been issued in the backdrop of the ongoing outbreaks of serogroup W (MenW) disease, which is associated with travel to KSA. As of now, UKHSA has confirmed 5 cases of MenW disease between February and March 2025 in people who had recently returned from KSA or had close contacts with those who returned to England and Wales. What Is Serogroup W (MenW) Disease?As per the 2014 study published in Cambridge University Press, these strains have been emerging throughout the current century with most of the isolates belonging to the sequence type (ST11)/electrophoretic type (ET37) clonal complex (ST11/E37 CC). This has been particular since the international outbreak following Hajj 2000. Meningococci are capsulated bacteria. The international emergency was first reported following the annual Hajj season in Saudi Arabia in March 2000. This is a serious bacterial infection that can lead to severe illness and even death. It is characterized by the onset and can manifest in various ways, including meningitis, septicemia and pneumonia. MenW IMD has increased in the recent years. What Are The Symptoms?It can start with a high fever, headache, stiff neck, vomiting, and a petechial or purpuric rash. In some cases there could be atypical presentations too, especially when the patient has pneumonia, septic arthritis, and upper respiratory or ophthalmological symptoms. A "2013 strain" is also associated with gastrointestinal symptoms like diarrhea ad vomiting. What Happens In This Disease?Invasive meningococcal disease is rare, however, it is a serious condition. What happens here is that the lining of the brain and spinal cord gets inflamed and thus it can kill people or leave them with life-changing disabilities.What Are Pilgrims Asked To Do?Travellers performing Hajj or Umrah, as well as seasonal workers, must show proof of a valid MenACWY vaccination certificate, issued between 10 days and 3 to 5 years before arriving—depending on the type of vaccine they received. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Travel Health Network and Centre (NaTHNaC) also recommend that all travellers to Saudi Arabia consider getting the quadrivalent MenACWY vaccine, especially in light of the ongoing MenW outbreak.What Does The Expert Say?Dr Shamez Ladhani, who is a Consultant Epidemiologist at UKHSA said, "The MenACWY vaccination is essential for pilgrims travelling to KSA for Umrah and Hajj, particularly given recent cases among UK returnees and their families. Meningococcal disease can be fatal and may leave survivors with serious lifelong conditions including hearing loss, brain damage and limb amputations. Pilgrims should ensure vaccination at least ten days before travel and remain vigilant for symptoms like sudden fever, severe headache, stiff neck, or rash. If you or anyone at home becomes unwell with any symptoms of meningitis within two weeks of returning from Saudi Arabia, contact your GP or NHS 111, mentioning your recent travel history, or dial 999 in case of emergency."The UKHSA has also advised the following guideline for UK travellers: avoid consuming raw or undercooked animal productsavoid contact with camels and animal wastepractise good hygiene, particularly washing hands after visiting farms, barns or markets