The Supreme Leader of North Korea, Kim Jong Un, is reported to have gained weight and is suffering from obesity. This is reported by South Korea’s spy agency National Intelligence Service. The report says that Kim is suffering from obesity-related health problems such as high blood pressure, and diabetes and the officials are looking for medicines abroad.

This 40-year-old leader has a habit of heavy drinking and smoking and comes from a family who have had a history of heart problems. Kim’s father and grandfather who also ruled over North Korea have died of heart disease.

With Kim suffering from obesity, it also brings our attention to us and to keep our health in check.

What is obesity?

The reason that one can face difficulty in losing weight may be inherited, psychological and environmental.

How is it diagnosed?

Lifestyle that leads to Obesity

Unhealthy Diet: When you consume food that is high in calories and lacks fiber, you may be at risk of obesity. Oversized portions or emotional eating may also lead to that.

Liquid Calories: You can also consume calories through liquid. For instance, the calories that you get from alcohol or aerated drinks can also lead to the risk of obesity.

Lack of physical activities: Sitting at one place throughout the day, and not doing any physical activity may also lead to the risk of obesity.

Nowadays, even children are at risk of obesity, however, there are ways to prevent it.

By feeding appropriate portion size one can limit the calories a child is consuming. Other ways could be to focus on child’s relationship with food. A child’s diet must contain all kinds of vegetables and fruits. The child must be taught to respect the food and consume healthy food over packaged ones.

As a parent, one can restrict the amount of packaged food that comes into the house. You can stock your pantry and fridge with more healthy food options. Lastly, the child must be encouraged to engage in physical activities.

Prevent Obesity in Adults

Try to include a balanced diet, where you incorporate fruits, vegetables, and fiber into your diet and engage in physical activities.

When it comes to tackling chronic disease, the United States is lagging behind its peers. A new study published in The Lancet reveals that among 25 high-income Western countries, the US has shown the slowest progress in reducing deaths from noncommunicable diseases such as cancer, heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.

The research, led by Imperial College London, analyzed mortality data from 185 countries between 2010 and 2019. While most nations reported overall declines in the probability of dying before age 80 from chronic disease, the US not only saw smaller reductions compared with other wealthy countries but also a troubling rise in deaths among younger adults aged 20 to 45.

The data show that between 2010 and 2019, deaths from chronic disease decreased in most US age groups but increased among young adults, a rare and alarming trend for a high-income country. Researchers describe this as “a rare phenomenon in high-income Western countries,” suggesting that the problem is systemic, not just demographic.

Majid Ezzati, the study’s senior author and professor of global health at Imperial, explained that while older Americans benefited from improved treatments and detection for heart disease and cancer, younger generations faced new and worsening risks including obesity, alcohol use disorders, and neuropsychiatric conditions like dementia.

The global picture provides a stark contrast. Roughly 80 percent of countries saw reductions in chronic disease mortality during the past decade, covering more than 70 percent of the world’s population. Denmark led the high-income group with the steepest decline, followed closely by Norway and Finland. Germany performed poorly as well, showing only slightly better results than the US.

While all high-income countries experienced a slowdown in the rate of decline compared to earlier decades, the United States stood out for its stagnation in working-age adults and actual increases in younger adults. Other countries managed to balance slower declines in older age groups with sharper improvements in working-age populations, but the US did not.

Why Is the US Falling Behind in Mortality?

The study did not dive into root causes, but experts point to a combination of health system and social factors:

Healthcare access and disparities: Millions of Americans lack consistent primary care, delaying diagnosis and treatment of chronic conditions. Without a physician close to home, routine screenings often fall through the cracks.

Social determinants of health: Income inequality, food insecurity, and limited access to healthy lifestyles all disproportionately affect younger and working-age adults.

Rise in neuropsychiatric conditions: While cancer and heart disease deaths declined, increases in dementia, alcohol use disorders, and mental health-related conditions offset gains.

Obesity and lifestyle factors: Rising rates of obesity, poor diets, and sedentary behavior have made chronic diseases harder to control, particularly among younger people.

Ezzati emphasized that underinvestment in public health is a common denominator. “In both the US and Germany, there are segments of the population in which there has been less investment in public health, and these disparities in investment can lead to broad barriers to accessing care,” he said.

Is This A Global Slowdown, Not Just an American Problem?

The US may be the slowest among wealthy nations, but it is not alone in struggling. Nearly two-thirds of all countries saw slower progress in reducing chronic disease mortality during 2010–2019 compared with the previous decade.

In northern Europe, for example, Denmark and Finland reported slower improvements among older adults, but these were offset by faster progress among working-age adults. That balance prevented them from stagnating as the US did.

Globally, the slowdown raises concerns about whether countries will meet the UN Sustainable Development Goal of reducing premature mortality from noncommunicable diseases by one-third by 2030.

So what sets top performers like Denmark apart? Researchers credit strong investment in preventive health, early detection, and broad access to primary care. Comprehensive strategies for cardiovascular disease prevention, aggressive anti-smoking campaigns, and early cancer screening programs have made a measurable impact.

By contrast, the US has struggled to implement nationwide preventive programs. Even when effective interventions exist — like lifestyle counseling, preventive screenings, and access to affordable medications, barriers in insurance coverage, geography, and affordability keep many Americans from benefiting.

Perhaps the most sobering aspect of the study is that progress is slowing not just in the US but worldwide. Improvements in diagnosis and treatment that once drove sharp declines in chronic disease deaths may be reaching their limits. Unless new strategies are adopted — especially those that reach disadvantaged populations — gains could stall entirely or even reverse.

For the US, where chronic diseases already account for 6 in 10 deaths, the message is clear: without significant investment in prevention and equitable healthcare access, the gap with peer nations will only widen.

Ezzati summed up the findings with a blunt warning, “The risk of dying from chronic diseases in most countries in the world is coming down. But we were doing better before.”

The All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) in New Delhi has created a new mental health program called "Never Alone." The program was launched on World Suicide Prevention Day to directly address the serious issue of student suicides and to improve mental health awareness.

"Never Alone" is an AI-based tool designed to help students who may be struggling with suicidal thoughts and other mental health challenges. Its main goal is to reduce the negative social stigma that often prevents people from seeking help and to make it easier for them to access professional support.

How the App Works?

The "Never Alone" app is a very secure and personalized program that students can use anytime, day or night. It works through a web app that can be easily accessed via WhatsApp. For a very low cost of just 70 paisa per student per day, institutions can subscribe to the service and offer it to their students.

Also Read: Physiotherapists Are Not Doctors, Cannot Use ‘Dr’ Title, Rules Health Authority In India

The app provides a secure mental health screening and gives students access to both online and in-person consultations with trained mental health experts. This setup makes getting help more convenient and private, which can be very important for students who might feel uncomfortable talking about their struggles in person.

Growing Crisis Among Young Adults

This program was launched to tackle a serious national problem. According to government data, in 2022, more than 1.7 lakh people died by suicide in India. What's especially concerning is that a large portion of these deaths—35%—were among young adults between the ages of 18 and 30.

Experts say a big reason for this is that many people with mental health issues don't get the help they need. This is often due to a lack of awareness and the fear of being judged by others. The "Never Alone" app aims to fill this gap by providing a confidential and accessible way for students to get support.

Kerala, an Indian state located in the south and famous for its backwaters and green scenery, is now in the midst of increasing fear. Five individuals—children as young as three months old—have died in the last month alone due to a rare but deadly infection referred to as amoebic meningoencephalitis. The infection, brought on by "brain-eating" amoebae present in tainted water, has shocked the region and attracted worldwide attention to the dangers represented by emerging pathogens.

The newest victim, 56-year-old Malappuram district resident Shobhana, died on September 9 while receiving critical care at Kozhikode Medical College Hospital (MCH). Only a few days ago, another patient, Ratheesh, from Sulthan Bathery had passed away. Three others—a three-month-old infant, a nine-year-old girl, and a 52-year-old woman—also perished in the recent weeks. At least 11 other patients, including children, are still under observation at the state's biggest tertiary care center.

Why This Infection is So Lethal?

The perpetrator is neither a virus nor a bacterium, but free-living amoebae like Naegleria fowleri, Acanthamoeba, and Balamuthia mandrillaris. These are microscopic organisms that live in hot, stagnant freshwater and inadequately maintained sources like rivers, ponds, and untreated wells. The disease occurs in two forms:

Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM): Due to Naegleria fowleri, commonly referred to as the "brain-eating amoeba." It enters via the nose, migrates along the olfactory nerve, and directly infects brain tissue. Symptoms—headache, fever, nausea, stiff neck, seizures—rise within days, frequently terminating in death.

Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis (GAE): Due to Acanthamoeba and Balamuthia, these infections spread more slowly, reaching the brain via blood through inhalation or skin injury.

Worldwide, amoebic meningoencephalitis has a case fatality of as much as 97 percent. Infections were rare, having been first reported by India in 1971. But in the past two years, Kerala has witnessed a surge: 36 confirmed cases and nine deaths in 2023 alone, a sharp contrast to eight in the six years that had transpired.

What concerns professionals is not only the increasing figures but also systemic failures. Kerala's public health activists mention lack of coordination between state authorities, local health bodies, and hospitals. There is no unified database available that records confirmed cases, recoveries, or deaths, making health workers and the population oblivious.

Drugs essential in the treatment of patients are not produced locally and have to be imported, in most cases resulting in delays in treatment. Kozhikode MCH officials confirmed that drugs for specialty have been ordered from overseas, but medical practitioners assure that prognosis is still bleak, particularly among patients with comorbid conditions.

Has Climate Change and Environmental Factors Increases Risk Of Infection?

Why is Kerala seeing such an upsurge now? Scientists and doctors think that climate change could be responsible. Temperature increases and unpredictable rainfall patterns are leading to more stagnant water bodies where amoebae can grow.

Dr. Abdul Rauf, a pediatric intensivist from Baby Memorial Hospital at Kozhikode, says that most recent cases have had delayed onset of symptoms—sometimes two weeks—are indicative of other amoebae like Acanthamoeba or Balamuthia as the causative agents. He further states that dirty water with high coliform content, associated with sewage and poor drainage, also raises chances of infection.

This brings into question larger environmental issues. With fast development, poorly designed drainage systems, and houses located near waste disposal grounds, citizens are being subjected to situations that could trigger the spread of unusual pathogens.

Fear and Changing Habits

In northern Kerala—specifically Malappuram, Kozhikode, and Wayanad districts—people are going out of their way to shun ponds and rivers. Parents don't want to let children swim, and villages have gone so far as to declare temporary prohibitions against bathing in communal water bodies. The fear is palpable: each new case contributes to a sense of vulnerability, given how low the survival rates are.

Kerala notched up its very first survivor of PAM in July 2024—a boy of 14 from Kozhikode who became one of only 10 known survivors globally. Although that was celebrated as a rare triumph, it highlighted how slim the chances of survival are.

While amoebic meningoencephalitis is uncommon, Kerala's outbreak highlights a global reality: climate-sensitive diseases once relegated to "medical curiosities" are no longer only found in textbooks. With freshwater sources heating up and sanitation infrastructure coming under strain, more communities around the world may be vulnerable.

For public health officials, the Kerala crisis is a reminder that rapid response, early detection, and open data-sharing are not choices—the choice is lifesaving. For residents, it's a stern call to re-think common interactions with natural water sources.

Kerala's health department has now launched special treatment protocols, pressed local governments to keep a watchful eye on water quality, and stepped up awareness campaigns. Experts caution, however, that these steps need to go beyond firefighting. Long-term investment in sanitation, drainage, and access to clean water will be critical.

Worldwide, experts emphasize the immediate need for stronger surveillance and increased investment in treatment for free-living amoeba infections. Treatments available today are restricted and in some cases, experimental. A more powerful drug pipeline, in addition to prevention with measures such as chlorination of water supplies and improved environmental sanitation, may decrease mortality.