From September, Eli Lilly will raise the UK price of its diabetes and weight-loss drug Mounjaro by as much as 170%. The US pharmaceutical giant says the increase will align UK costs with those in other developed nations and address “pricing disparities.”

The NHS will not be affected for now. The price surge is aimed at private patients and providers, who often negotiate discounts behind closed clinic doors. But for those paying out of pocket, the jump is steep, the highest monthly dose will soar from £122 to £330, while lower doses will rise by 45 to 138 per cent.

For many, this is more than a wallet shock. It could mean rethinking whether to continue treatment, especially since Mounjaro is often taken long term to maintain results. With so much at stake, here’s a closer look at what the drug does, who it’s for, and the benefits and risks to consider.

What is Mounjaro?

Mounjaro, the brand name for tirzepatide, is an injectable medication, notes Diabetes UK, and is approved in the UK for type 2 diabetes and, more recently, for obesity. It is part of a newer class of drugs that not only control blood sugar but also promote significant weight loss.

Unlike earlier medications such as Ozempic and Wegovy, both of which were based on semaglutide, Mounjaro works by activating two hormone receptors: GLP-1 and GIP, at the same time. This “dual agonist” approach appears to produce greater weight loss than single-receptor drugs.

How Does it Work?

Mounjaro increases levels of natural hormones called incretins. These hormones help the body release more insulin when needed, reduce glucose production by the liver, and slow digestion so you feel fuller for longer.

The result is a two-pronged effect:

Better blood sugar control in people with type 2 diabetes

Reduced appetite and calorie intake leading to weight loss

In clinical trials, people taking the highest dose (15 mg weekly) lost up to 21 per cent of their body weight. That’s on par with some bariatric surgeries, but without the invasive procedure.

Who Can Take Mounjaro?

For type 2 diabetes

Adults aged 18 and over who have not been able to control blood sugar with other medications, or who cannot tolerate them due to side effects or other conditions.

Typically prescribed if the person also has a BMI of 35 kg/m² or higher with obesity-related health issues, though exceptions exist for those with lower BMIs in certain ethnic groups or specific medical needs.

For obesity

In England and Wales: Recommended for people with a BMI of at least 35 kg/m² and related health conditions, including type 2 diabetes. Lower thresholds apply for some ethnic groups.

In Scotland: Available for people with a BMI of at least 30 kg/m² plus one obesity-related condition.

The Benefits

Significant weight loss that can improve or reverse obesity-related health problems

Improved blood sugar control in people with type 2 diabetes

Once-weekly dosing with a pre-filled pen for convenience

May reduce risk of complications from diabetes, though more research is ongoing for cardiovascular benefits

The Risks and Side Effects

Like other drugs in its class, Mounjaro can cause:

• Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation, indigestion
• Risk of low blood sugar if taken with insulin or certain other diabetes drugs
• Possible risk of high blood sugar if insulin doses are cut too quickly
• In animal studies, an increased risk of thyroid tumors, whether this applies to humans is still unknown

Long-term safety data is limited since the drug is relatively new. Some people may also regain weight if they stop taking it.

Cost and Access Challenges

On the NHS, Mounjaro is free for those eligible under treatment guidelines, but rollout is gradual due to costs and support service limitations. Access for weight loss alone is prioritized for those with the highest clinical need.

Private prescriptions vary in cost and availability. After the September price hike, the financial burden will be significant for many patients, especially since ongoing treatment is often required to maintain benefits.

Life Without the Jab

If the higher cost puts Mounjaro out of reach, lifestyle changes can still deliver meaningful results. Strategies that mimic some of its effects include:

• Eating high-protein meals to promote satiety
• Choosing high-fibre foods to slow digestion
• Limiting ultra-processed foods that spike blood sugar
• Regular physical activity to improve insulin sensitivity

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive condition of the nervous system that mainly affects movement. It often begins with mild symptoms such as tremors, stiffness, or slower movement, which worsen over time. Balance issues and coordination problems also appear as the disease progresses. While the exact cause remains unclear, both genetics and environmental factors are believed to play a role. As per Mayo Clinic, there is no cure yet, but treatments including medication, therapy, and surgery can help control symptoms.

Interestingly, now a new study has drawn attention to a possible environmental trigger which is exposure to a widely banned industrial chemical.

Study Links Chemical Exposure to Parkinson’s

Researchers have reported that long-term exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE), a chemical once common in metal degreasing and dry cleaning, may increase the risk of Parkinson’s. The study, published in Neurology, found that seniors living in areas with the highest airborne levels of TCE had a 10% higher risk of developing Parkinson’s compared to those in areas with lower levels.

The findings became more striking in Oregon, where people living one to five miles downwind of a factory that used TCE showed a fourfold increase in Parkinson’s risk. “Long-term exposure to trichloroethylene in outdoor air was associated with a small but measurable increase in Parkinson’s risk,” said lead researcher Brittany Krzyzanowski of the Barrow Neurological Institute in Phoenix. She added that the research adds to growing evidence linking environmental exposures to the disease.

What Is Trichloroethylene (TCE)?

Trichloroethylene which is also known as TCE is a synthetic, colorless liquid that was widely used in industries as a degreaser and chemical ingredient. It could also be found in some consumer products such as paint removers and stain cleaners. The chemical is classified as a known human carcinogen, linked to cancers of the kidney and liver, along with immune and reproductive damage. People may be exposed to it through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact.

In the United States, despite restrictions on its use, TCE still spreads through soil, water, and air. Past studies have suggested a link between TCE and Parkinson’s, particularly among workers exposed in industrial settings. What makes this new study interesting is that it examined exposure on a population level across the entire country, not just workplaces.

What Is Parkinson’s?

Parkinson’s is a progressive neurological disorder that develops slowly. It often starts with subtle signs, like tremors in the hands, jaw, or feet, before moving on to stiffness, slowed movement (bradykinesia), and difficulties with balance or posture. Over time, facial expressions may fade, speech can become soft or slurred, and daily tasks such as dressing or walking grow harder.

Other symptoms include muscle rigidity, changes in handwriting, reduced automatic movements like blinking, and problems with memory, sleep, or mood. While the disease can’t be cured, medication and, in some cases, brain surgery can help manage symptoms.

Why This Study Matters

The research does have limitations. It focused mainly on older adults, so it doesn’t fully address risks for younger individuals or those with early-onset Parkinson’s. Air pollution data used in the study also came from a single time point, which may not capture lifetime exposure levels.

Still, the findings bring weight to the theory that Parkinson’s is shaped not only by genetics but also by the environment. Previous studies have already brought light to the pesticides such as paraquat and general air pollution as possible risk factors. This new evidence places banned industrial chemicals like TCE on that list, pointing to the urgent need to understand how environmental toxins may influence neurological health.

Amid the ongoing Covid-19 scare in the UK, in another news, two species of disease-carrying mosquito have been also found there. These two species are now being found as a result of climate change, scientists too have warned against the same.

Aedes aegypti, also known as the Egyptian mosquito, and Aedes albopictus, also known as the (Asian) tiger or forest mosquito, both known for carrying diseases like yellow fever, dengue, chikungunya, Zika and dirofilariasis have been detected in surveillance traps set by the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA). This was revealed in the UKHSA peer-reviewd study on invasive mosquito surveillance.

The Egyptian mosquito eggs were detected in a freight storage facility near London's Heathrow Airport, in September 2023- and tiger mosquitoes were detcted in August 2024. This will be the first time that the tiger mosquitoes have been detected since 2019, at a motorway srvice station in Kent.

The study published in research journal PLOS Global Public Health, reported the findings were lead by UKHSA and the Centre for Climate and Health Security.

What Has Changed Now?

Historically, both these species were limited to subtropical and tropical regions, however, among the populations established in southerns and central Europe, the mosquitoes have shown its ability to survive in temperate climates.

Rising temperature is said to be one of the major reasons for incursion of invasive species. This has put new populations at risk of disease transmission.

The authors of the study said, "While there is currently no evidence that Ae. albopictus or Ae. aegypti are widely established in the UK, without timely action, the UK faces the risk of invasive mosquito populations becoming established... proactive measures enhance resilience against emerging vector borne disease risks."

Call To Action

In addition to monitoring at ports and transport hubs across England, Wales and Northern Ireland, the UKHSA has also set up traps in the Kent marshes—considered an ideal spot for mosquitoes to settle due to its warm, wet conditions.

The UKHSA has also run Mosquito Recoding Scheme (MRS). This is a citizen-science project that receives and identifies mosquitoes submitted by members of public, including in response to nuisance biting incidents. Between 2005 and 2021, 286 reports of mosquitoes were submitted to the MRS, all of which were native UK species.

The aim of the scheme is to detect unusual or invasive species of mosquito, so prevention tactics could be put to use.

Collin Johnson, the lead author of the study and a senior medical entomologist at the UKHSA, said for the 2023 and 2024 discoveries: "Each detection triggered enhanced local surveillance and control measures, and the fact that no further specimens were found suggests these were isolated incursions."

"The collaborative efforts between UKHSA, local authorities and landowners were key to rapidly mobilising and preventing the establishment of invasive mosquitoes," he said.

More than 90 passengers and crew aboard a Royal Caribbean cruise ship have fallen ill from Norovirus, as per the reports. This ship's final stop was Miami.

The outbreak on the Royal Caribbean was first reported to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The ship had departed San Diego on September 19. A total of 94 passenger and 4 crew members were "reported being ill during the voyage," noted the CDC. The main symptoms as per CDC was diarrhea and vomiting.

Other symptoms include muscle ach, abdominal pain, fever, or three or more loose sttols within 24-hour period. From a total of 1,874 passengers and 833 crew, as per the reports, only 4% of people on board were infected, confirmed CDC.

The crew on the ship has increased their cleaning and disinfecting procedures. Stool specimens from gasteointestinal illness have been collected for testing and have been isolated from those who are sick.

In a statement to USA TODAY, the Royal Caribbean said, "The health and safety of our guests, crew, and the communities we visit are our top priority. To maintain an environment that supports the highest levels of health and safety onboard our ships, we implement rigorous cleaning procedures, many of which far exceed public health guidelines."

The Independent reports that the cruise ship also consulted with the Vessel Sanitation Program (VSP), which is remotely monitoring the situation, including review of the outbreak, response, and sanitation procedures.

What Is Norovirus?

As per the CDC, it is a very contagious virus that causes vomiting and diarrhea. It is commonly called the 'stomach flu" or "stomach bug".

However, norovirus illness is not related to the flu. The flu is caused by the influenza virus. Norovirus causes acute gastroenteritis, an inflammation of the stomach or intestines.

Most people with norovirus illness get better within 1 to 3 days; but they can still spread the virus for a few days after.

What Are The Symptoms Of Norovirus?

• Diarrhea
• Vomiting
• Nausea
• Stomach pain
• Fever
• Headache
• Body aches
• Dehydration: If you have Norovirus, you can feel extremely ill and dehydrated and the symptoms can show through decreased urination, dry mouth and throat, feeling dizzy when standing up, crying with few or no tears, unusual sleepiness or fussiness.

Who Is At Risk?

• Anyone can get infected and sick with norovirus.
• People of all ages are affected during norovirus outbreaks.
• Genetic factors can partly determine your likelihood of infection.
• Raw oysters and other filter-feeding shellfish may contain viruses and bacteria that cause illness or even death.
• Eating raw shellfish puts anyone at risk of contracting norovirus.
• Children under 5, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems are more likely to develop severe infections.