Bella Ramsey, the star of HBO's hit drama The Last of US revealed their autism diagnosis crediting a crew member for recognizing the signs and symptoms. In an interview with British Vogue, which was published on Wednesday, Ramsey shared that they were diagnosed while filing the first season of the series.

“I’ve spoken a bit about neurodivergence before, but I always for some reason didn’t want to,” Ramsey admitted. “I got diagnosed with autism when I was filming season one of The Last of Us.”

While filming in Canada, a crew member who also has an autistic daughter noticed certain similarities in Ramsey's behavior and suspected that they too might be autistic. This observation was what prompted Ramsey to seek a formal psychiatric assessment, and thus leading to their diagnosis.

Ramsey also reflected on their childhood and described feeling out of place in school and finding comfort in the company of adults. They also recalled that they had experienced sensory sensitivities common among autistic individuals, such as heightened awareness of micro-expressions and body language. Ramsey also mentioned that filming in Canada's cold condition was also challenging as the heavy waterproof gear and thermals were required on the set. "It was too much stuff on my body," they shared talking about sensory discomfort.

Autism And Creativity Goes Hand In Hand

Being an actor, Ramsey expressed how their autism actually contributed to their approach to acting. The way they observe people and adopt routines as beneficial to their craft.

“I’ve always been watching and learning from people. Having to learn more manually how to socialize and interact with the people around me has helped me with acting,” they explained. “I have a call time, and I’m told what to wear, how to stand, where to stand, and what to eat.”

Ramsey also revealed that they autism diagnosis was "freeing" as it allowed them to be kinder to themselves and embrace their identity. Sharing their diagnosis, they noted that it helped them "unmask immediately", and freeing them from the need to suppress their true self.

“My experience of moving through the world is as an autistic person,” they said. “There’s no reason for people not to know.”

What Is Autism?

As per the National Health Service (NHS) UK, it is important to note that autism is not an illness. Being autistic does not mean you have an illness or disease, it means your brain works in a different way from other people. This is something people are born with and signs of it can be noticed at a very young age.

NHS UK also notes that autism is a spectrum, which means it could be different for everybody. This means that some people may need little or no support, while others may need help from a parent or carer every day.

As per the American Psychiatric Association, Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental condition that involves persistent challenges with social communication, restricted interests and repetitive behavior. While autism is considered a lifelong condition, the need for service and support because of these challenges could vary from person to person.

A young woman, 22-year-old Leticia Paul, sadly passed away following a severe allergic reaction to a special dye, called a contrast agent, used during a CT scan. This tragic event happened on Wednesday, August 20, at the Alto Vale Regional Hospital in Rio do Sul, Brazil. Reports say that during the scan, Leticia experienced anaphylactic shock. This is a sudden, extreme, and very dangerous allergic reaction that can cause a person's throat to close up, making it hard to breathe, and their blood pressure to drop dangerously low.

What Caused Her Allergic Reaction?

Reports show that her allergic reaction was to ‘contrasting agents’ used in a CT scan. According to Radiologyinfo, for Patients, doctors use special liquids called contrast agents to make organs and blood vessels stand out in medical scans like CT or MRI. These are not permanent dyes; they're temporary substances that help highlight specific body parts, making it easier for doctors to find and diagnose problems. They can be swallowed, injected, or given rectally and are naturally cleared from the body afterward.

What Is Anaphylactic Shock?

According to the UK National Health Services, anaphylaxis is a very serious and fast-acting allergic reaction. It's an emergency that happens when your body overreacts to something it's allergic to, like certain foods, medications, or insect stings. This reaction can be so severe that it becomes life-threatening.

Following the allergic reaction, Paul was intubated at the hospital. Her aunt, Sandra Paul, confirmed to local news outlets that her niece died less than 24 hours later, on Thursday, August 21. Sandra Paul also shared that her niece had a history of kidney stones and was undergoing a routine checkup at the time of the incident.

Also Read: What Does Finn Wolfhard's Journey Highlight About Young Stars Dealing With Mental Health Issues?

How To Recognize An Anaphylactic Shock – First Symptoms

The signs of anaphylaxis appear very suddenly, usually just minutes after coming into contact with the substance you're allergic to. The symptoms can be different for everyone, but here are the most common things to look out for:

Swelling

A major sign is swelling, especially in your throat or on your tongue.

Breathing Problems

Anaphylaxis can make it hard to breathe. You might start breathing very fast, or you could hear a wheezing sound when you breathe. Your throat might feel tight, making it difficult to swallow, and your voice could become hoarse. You might also have a persistent cough.

Blood Pressure Drop

This is a very dangerous part of the reaction. It can make you feel faint, dizzy, or even cause you to pass out. Your skin might feel cold and clammy, and it can look pale, grey, or even bluish. If you have darker skin, you can often see this change on the palms of your hands or the soles of your feet.

Other Reactions That May Also Happen?

You might also feel very tired or confused, which is another sign that your body is in distress. It’s also common to get a rash that is swollen, raised, and very itchy.

What Are Some Precautions You Should Take For Allergies?

If you suspect you're having an anaphylactic reaction, use your adrenaline auto-injector right away, even if your symptoms seem mild.

It's also a good idea to wear medical alert jewelry, such as a bracelet, that details your allergy. This can provide crucial information to others in an emergency. Finally, do not store your adrenaline auto-injectors in places that are too hot or too cold, like a refrigerator or in direct sunlight.

Legionnaires’ disease first came to public attention in 1976 after an American Legion conference in Philadelphia led to dozens of pneumonia cases caused by a then-unknown bacteria. Scientists later identified it as Legionella, a bacteria that naturally occurs in freshwater but typically remains harmless in small quantities.

Problems arise when stagnant, warm water systems, from cooling towers to pipes, provide fertile ground for the bacteria to multiply and release into the air.

Once inhaled in contaminated mist, the bacteria can cause a dangerous form of pneumonia that kills about one in ten infected patients. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that most cases in the U.S. are linked to potable water systems.

Read: Legionnaires' Outbreak: Death Toll Increases To 6 With 111 Hospitalized, How To Spot The First Symptoms

New York’s Current Outbreak

This summer, New York City has recorded its largest outbreak in years, with more than 100 people sickened and at least five deaths. Officials have traced the source to a cluster of contaminated cooling towers in Central Harlem, including one at Harlem Hospital. Heavy July storms are believed to have filled these towers with rainwater that went untreated, allowing bacteria to spread.

The incident has already triggered lawsuits against contractors and raised questions about whether city inspections are keeping pace with the threat. Just 1,200 cooling towers were inspected in the first half of 2025, a sharp decline from 2017 when more than 5,000 were checked in the same period.

Not Just a New York Problem

While the outbreak has grabbed headlines in New York, public health researchers emphasize this is not an isolated concern. Cases of Legionnaires’ have been climbing steadily across the United States, Canada, and Europe.

Read: Unique COVID-19 Like Symptoms Of Legionnaires' Disease And How Long Does The Infection Last

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) warns that warmer temperatures and increased rainfall are making conditions across the country more favorable for Legionella.

Communities that never needed large-scale cooling systems are now installing them to combat rising heat, creating new risks. Even modern “green” buildings can unintentionally increase exposure. Low-flow plumbing systems, designed to conserve water, can allow it to sit stagnant in pipes, encouraging bacterial growth.

Climate Change Accelerates the Spread

Summers have always been peak season for Legionnaires’, but climate change is intensifying the problem. Warmer air, higher humidity, and extreme rain events are combining to create perfect breeding conditions. Flooding adds another complication, as contaminated water can more easily infiltrate public water supplies.

European health agencies have already warned that climate change is likely to expand the range of Legionnaires’ disease. In the United States, rising cases mirror these predictions, suggesting the New York outbreak may be just one of many to come.

Unequal Burden on Vulnerable Communities

As with many climate-linked health threats, low-income neighborhoods often suffer most. Poorly maintained cooling towers are more likely in underfunded housing complexes, and chronic health issues common in these areas, such as asthma or diabetes, make residents more vulnerable to severe illness.

Harlem, the center of New York’s outbreak, highlights this intersection of infrastructure neglect and health inequality. Experts caution that without stronger oversight and better maintenance of public systems, similar communities nationwide could become hotspots for future outbreaks.

What Individuals Can Do

For most people, preventing Legionnaires’ on an individual level is difficult, since the bacteria spreads through community water systems and airborne mist. Still, health officials advise paying attention to public health alerts, especially if you are over 50, smoke, or have chronic conditions that weaken the lungs or immune system.

During outbreaks, residents can consider using high-quality water filters or ensuring home cooling systems are regularly cleaned. But the most critical step remains recognizing symptoms early. Fever, cough, and shortness of breath should prompt immediate medical attention, as antibiotics are highly effective when treatment begins quickly.

A Public Health Responsibility

Experts stress that Legionnaires’ disease cannot be managed through individual vigilance alone. The real solution lies in better maintenance of large-scale water and cooling systems, more consistent inspections, and infrastructure upgrades that account for a warming world.

CT scans have become one of the most widely used diagnostic tools in modern medicine. From detecting concealed tumors to revealing deadly internal bleeding in a matter of minutes, the technology has revolutionized emergency rooms and clinics throughout the United States. But with its undeniable advantages comes a secret price tag, according to new research, one that might appear years or even decades down the road.

According to an international team of researchers led by epidemiologist Rebecca Smith-Bindman at the University of California, San Francisco, CT scans performed in 2023 alone may account for an estimated 103,000 future cancer cases in the United States. If accurate, this would represent nearly 5 percent of all new cancer diagnoses nationally.

For patients, the personal risk is low. But in terms of population, sheer numbers of CT scans—over 90 million in one year—mean that even very small risks add up to large numbers. This paradox highlights an increasingly contentious issue: how do we weigh the life-saving abilities of CT scans against their capacity to induce long-term damage?

Since 2007, CT scans in the US have increased over 30 percent annually. Now, they are nearly standard in emergency and outpatient care. For most doctors, CT scans are the quickest and best method to get detailed images of the body, with much greater clarity than regular X-rays.

But scientists warn that none of these scans are medically indicated. Without merit, scans that are ordered as safeguards or motivated by patient requests are potentially exposing tens of millions of individuals to ionizing radiation. While one scan provides the dose equivalent to about three years of natural background radiation, multiple or high-dose scans can add to this burden over years.

The new study, out in JAMA Internal Medicine, indicates that if trends hold, CT-related cancer cases will match those of other significant risk factors, such as alcohol use.

How Could Radiation From CT Scan Cause Cancer?

One of the most daunting hurdles in this argument is the doubt about how much radiation at low doses actually affects cancer risk. For many years, scientists have understood that high doses of ionizing radiation—say, that taken by atomic bomb survivors or people exposed in nuclear power plant accidents can lead to cancer.

But whether the low-level radiation from CT scans has the same effect is unresolved. Most of the evidence rests on extrapolations from past tragedies. For instance, in studies of 25,000 survivors of the Hiroshima bombings, people who received a dose of radiation equivalent to three or more CT scans had a slight but detectable increase in lifetime risk of cancer.

Converting that risk to current use of CT scans is debatable. Doses differ greatly based on the type of scan, the machine being used, the size of the patient, and the part of the body being scanned. A head scan, for example, exposes a patient to much less radiation than an abdominal or pelvic scan.

Why Its Difficult To Ignore The Life-saving Benefits of CT Scans?

Despite these concerns, doctors emphasize that CT scans remain invaluable. In some cases, they directly save lives.

A flagship national trial demonstrated that smokers and ex-smokers who had low-dose CT screening for lung cancer saw a 20 percent decline in lung cancer fatalities compared to patients who only had chest X-rays. In emergency rooms, CT scans have played an invaluable role in identifying strokes, aneurysms, and internal injuries that may otherwise have been undetected until too late.

While the results serve as a reminder of the need for caution regarding long-term exposure to radiation, this should not deter the use of CT imaging where clinically indicated," said Naomi Gibson, President of the Australian Society of Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy. "In carefully selected instances, the therapeutic and diagnostic benefit of CT scans far outweighs the risks associated with radiation."

Who Is At Highest Risk?

Though adults dominate the number of CT recipients, scientists caution that children and youths might be bearing higher lifetime hazards. Their developing tissues are more vulnerable to radiation, and since they are likely to live longer, they have more years for cancers caused by radiation to emerge.

For instance, children who undergo CT scans during their infancy seem to have a greater likelihood of developing thyroid cancer at some point in the future. Women patients are particularly likely to experience additional vulnerability.

This doesn’t mean children should avoid CT imaging when necessary. In emergencies or when conditions demand precision, the benefits outweigh risks. But experts stress that pediatric CT use should be carefully weighed against alternative, radiation-free options such as MRI or ultrasound.

The new research is based on the UCSF International CT Dose Registry, which aggregates anonymous information from 143 hospitals and outpatient facilities throughout the United States. Analyzing scans performed between 2016 and 2022, researchers approximated that 93 million CT exams were conducted in 2023 on roughly 62 million patients.

From this data, they estimated the 103,000 future cancer cases attributable to CT-linked radiation. Nevertheless, authors also warn that these figures are estimates—not absolute projections. "To empirically quantify lifetime risk would require decades-long follow-up studies of very large populations," they said.

How To Use CT Scans Smartly?

Where does this leave doctors and patients, then? Experts are unanimous: CT scans can be continued, but with more discretion and precision.

Unused scans must be kept to a minimum, especially for children, pregnant women, and otherwise healthy patients who might have safer imaging options available. Physicians must also adjust scan protocols to reduce radiation doses without degrading image quality.

Public health experts contend that much of the onus too, rests with medical systems and insurers, who can institute protections, promote second opinions, and open access to lower-radiation or radiation-free technologies for diagnosis.

The truth is both sides are correct. CT scans literally save thousands of lives each year, but their explosive increase in usage raises some genuine concerns regarding future impacts. Patients, practitioners, and policymakers have an obligation to collaborate to make sure these strong tools are used carefully—safeguarding individuals in the short run without unintentionally jeopardizing them in the long run.