10 Obese States in the US: As per the World Health Organization, overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health. A body mass index (BMI) over 25 is considered overweight, and over 30 is considered obese. This has been one of the most persistent public health concerns in the US. According to a study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), around 40% of US adults are affected by obesity in the two-year period that ended in August 2023.

Among the 48 states, 23 had an adult obesity prevalence at or above 35% as per the CDC data survey. Of them, 3 states reported a rate of 40%. The data was compared with 2013 and it found that no state had an adult obesity rate at or above 35% back then.

As per the CDC, the most obese states spend approximately $173 billion annually on healthcare for conditions like diabetes, heart disease, cancer, stroke, and respiratory illness.

The rates of non-Hispanic Black adults were 35% in 38 states, the rates reached that level among Hispanic adults in 34 states and among American Indian or Alaska Native adults in 30. While adults only had obesity rates of at least 35% in 16 states, while Asian adults did not meet the threshold.

As per the CDC, these 10 states are the most obese in the US

1. West Virginia at 41.7%

2. Arkansas at 40.5%

3. Mississippi at 40.4%

4. Louisiana at 39.9%

5. Alabama at 39.4%

6. Oklahoma at 39.0%

7. Iowa at 37.9%

8. Indiana at 37.8%

9. Tennessee at 37.8%

10. Nebraska at 36.5%

As per the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 2017-2018, nearly 1 in 3 adults in the US are overweight. More than 2 in 5 adults have obesity and 1 in 11 adults have severe obesity. The data also presents that 1 in 6 children and adolescents ages 2 to 19 are overweight. Almost 1 in 5 children and adolescents ages 2 to 19 have obesity and about 1 in 16 children and adolescents ages 2 to 19 have severe obesity.

Living with obesity

Living with obesity can increase the risk of several chronic health conditions. These may include type 2 diabetes and cancer. Obesity is often associated with a reduced quality of life and poor mental health. Studies have shown that this happens because of the social stigma that exists around weight that is faced by people and this is why they do not seek for help.

A study published in the Journal of Nutrition in November 2024, studied over 10,000 adults and found that a higher waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, and BMI, were associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes. The study also found that those with the greatest increases in body weight or waist circumference over an average of 2.8 years had an approximately 1.5-and1.4-fold greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes, respectively.

Eating Habits

The number of calories consumed by people in North America and Europe has been rising since 2000, it has reached to 3,540 per day in 2021, as per the United Nations (UN). The number of calories consumed is greater than the number of calories the body can burn, this is why the body stores the extra energy as fat, and this is what results to weight gain. Processed food further contains excess of sodium, sugar, and fat, which contains way more calories than needed. Furthermore, eating refined sugar can also raise your insulin and make you hungrier, causing you to eat more.

The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) has urged travellers to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) for Umrah and the upcoming pilgrimages to ensure they are vaccinated against meningococcal disease with the MenACWY vaccine. This notice has been issued in the backdrop of the ongoing outbreaks of serogroup W (MenW) disease, which is associated with travel to KSA.

As of now, UKHSA has confirmed 5 cases of MenW disease between February and March 2025 in people who had recently returned from KSA or had close contacts with those who returned to England and Wales.

What Is Serogroup W (MenW) Disease?

As per the 2014 study published in Cambridge University Press, these strains have been emerging throughout the current century with most of the isolates belonging to the sequence type (ST11)/electrophoretic type (ET37) clonal complex (ST11/E37 CC). This has been particular since the international outbreak following Hajj 2000.

Meningococci are capsulated bacteria. The international emergency was first reported following the annual Hajj season in Saudi Arabia in March 2000. This is a serious bacterial infection that can lead to severe illness and even death. It is characterized by the onset and can manifest in various ways, including meningitis, septicemia and pneumonia. MenW IMD has increased in the recent years.

What Are The Symptoms?

It can start with a high fever, headache, stiff neck, vomiting, and a petechial or purpuric rash.

In some cases there could be atypical presentations too, especially when the patient has pneumonia, septic arthritis, and upper respiratory or ophthalmological symptoms.

A "2013 strain" is also associated with gastrointestinal symptoms like diarrhea ad vomiting.

What Happens In This Disease?

Invasive meningococcal disease is rare, however, it is a serious condition. What happens here is that the lining of the brain and spinal cord gets inflamed and thus it can kill people or leave them with life-changing disabilities.

What Are Pilgrims Asked To Do?

Travellers performing Hajj or Umrah, as well as seasonal workers, must show proof of a valid MenACWY vaccination certificate, issued between 10 days and 3 to 5 years before arriving—depending on the type of vaccine they received. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Travel Health Network and Centre (NaTHNaC) also recommend that all travellers to Saudi Arabia consider getting the quadrivalent MenACWY vaccine, especially in light of the ongoing MenW outbreak.

What Does The Expert Say?

Dr Shamez Ladhani, who is a Consultant Epidemiologist at UKHSA said, "The MenACWY vaccination is essential for pilgrims travelling to KSA for Umrah and Hajj, particularly given recent cases among UK returnees and their families. Meningococcal disease can be fatal and may leave survivors with serious lifelong conditions including hearing loss, brain damage and limb amputations. Pilgrims should ensure vaccination at least ten days before travel and remain vigilant for symptoms like sudden fever, severe headache, stiff neck, or rash. If you or anyone at home becomes unwell with any symptoms of meningitis within two weeks of returning from Saudi Arabia, contact your GP or NHS 111, mentioning your recent travel history, or dial 999 in case of emergency."

The UKHSA has also advised the following guideline for UK travellers:

• avoid consuming raw or undercooked animal products
• avoid contact with camels and animal waste
• practise good hygiene, particularly washing hands after visiting farms, barns or markets

In a landmark development for patients who live with a rare and painful skin condition, the US Food and Drug Administration or the FDA has approved Zevaskyn (prademagene zamikeracel) for the treatment of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa or RDEB. This is an inherited disorder that causes the skin to be extremely fragile. I also leads to chronic wounds, bleeding, and tearing even from minor friction or trauma.

As per the 2015 study published in the Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, there are four major subtypes of the skin disorder, which comes from the heterogeneous group of inherited mechanobullous disorder hat is caused by mutation in genes that encode structural proteins in the skin. The overall condition is referred to as epidermolysis bullosa, and one of its type is RDEB, which further comes with two main subtypes of dystrophic EB.

Zevaskyn is now the first and only autologous cell-based gene therapy approved for both adult and pediatric patients living with this life-altering condition.

Why Is This A Breakthrough In Gene Therapy?

Zevaskyn represents a new era in wound care and gene therapy. Unlike traditional treatments that only manage symptoms, this one-time surgical application targets the underlying genetic mutation responsible for RDEB. The therapy uses the patient's own skin cells, which are genetically modified to produce a functional version of the missing COL7A1 gene, critical for anchoring skin layers together.

"Zevaskyn is not just a bandage—it’s a breakthrough that may help change the course of this disease for many," said Madhav Vasanthavada, Ph.D., Chief Commercial Officer at Abeona Therapeutics, the biopharmaceutical company behind the treatment.

How Was It Approved?

The FDA based its approval from the results of two clinical trials: a phase 1/2a study and the pivotal phase 3 VITAL study.

Phase 1/2a Trial: In this study, seven patients with 38 chronic wounds received a single Zevaskyn application. Researchers observed a significant and long lasting improvement at treated sites during the median follow-up of seven years.

Phase 3 VITAL Study: This was a larger study that included 43 patients with large unhealed or non healing wounds. After six months, 81% of those wounds treated by Zevaskyn, showed at least 50% healing, as compared to only 16% in the control group, who had received the standard care.

These outcomes were not only statistically significant but also clinically meaningful, especially for patients who have previously struggled with limited treatment options.

Zevaskyn also showed a favorable safety profile across both studies. No treatment-related serious adverse events were reported. The most common minor side effects were procedural pain and itching, affecting approximately 5% of participants.

"This therapy offers hope for patients and families who have lived too long without effective solutions," said Vasanthavada. “We’re confident in Zevaskyn’s ability to deliver long-term results and are committed to making it widely accessible.”

Access For Patients

To ensure access, Abeona Therapeutics plans to collaborate with both commercial insurers and government payers. The company aims to develop outcome-based agreements that reflect the long-term benefits of a single application of Zevaskyn, reducing the need for repeat procedures or ongoing wound care costs.

With FDA approval, Zevaskyn is set to be a game-changer in the treatment of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa—offering patients more than just relief, but a meaningful step toward healing.

Florida is on the brink of becoming the second taste to ban fluoride in public drinking water. It will join Utah, which had become the first state to enact the ban just last month. While this was opposed by dentists and national health organizations, who had also warned against this move to lead to more medical problems, dental problems and also affecting low-income communities disproportionately, Spencer Cox, Republican Gov. Signed the legislation regardless.

The Controversial Bill

The bill has received final approval from Florida lawmakers on Tuesday and is now being headed to Republican Governor Ron DeSantis' desk for approval. DeSantis' administration has been an outspoken critic of adding fluoride to community water systems. They have argued that high fluoride levels could potentially affect children's intellectual development. The same concern was quoted by Cox to ban fluoridated water. This is based on the paper published in the medical journal JAMA Pediatrics that concluded that there may be a link between high levels of fluoride and lower Intelligence Quotient (IQ). Their research indicated a possible neurodevelopmental harm to pregnant people or young children if they are exposed to drinking water containing at least 1.5 milligrams of fluoride per litre- a level more than twice what's recommended (0.7 mg/L) for the US water supply. It is important to note that in many American states and Western countries, pregnant women and children receive fluoride from many sources, making their exposure to this mineral way too high from the recommended levels.

However, the study does not the safe levels of fluoridated water which is safe for use. In fact, these levels are also regulated by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

What Do The Republicans Want?

The bill, sponsored by Republican state Representative Kaylee Tuck, does not explicitly mention fluoride but mandates the removal of fluoride and other additives from the state's water systems.

According to Tuck, the legislation focuses on removing additives related to health, rather than water quality itself. "Anything that relates to water quality, removing contaminants, things like that, we're not touching that," she stated. "It's anything that has to do with health, so fluoride, vitamins, whatever else it is."

The Resistance

There has been local resistance to from the local authorities in Florida. The Miami-Date County Mayor Daniella Levine Cava expressed her dismay with this move and stated that this will undermine the overwhelming support of medical professionals for the practice of fluoridating water. She said that ending fluoridation could lead to harmful consequences, especially for the vulnerable families, who would lost access to a cost-effective method of preventing tooth decay.

Fluoridation has been a standard practice in many parts of the U.S. for decades, and it has been credited with significantly reducing the incidence of cavities. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), fluoride helps to strengthen tooth enamel and make it more resistant to cavities.

Health Benefits Of Flouride

Fluoride is a naturally occurring mineral that plays an essential role in maintaining strong, healthy teeth. It helps replace minerals lost from tooth enamel due to normal wear and tear. Additionally, fluoride can help reverse early signs of tooth decay by remineralizing the enamel. It also reduces the production of acids by bacteria in the mouth, which further helps prevent plaque buildup.

Beyond dental health, fluoride is also beneficial for bones. It stimulates new bone formation and has been shown to protect against conditions like osteoporosis. As such, fluoride is not only important for dental care but also for overall skeletal health.