Gemma Illingworth was only 31 when she died from a rare and aggressive type of dementia. A bright, independent artist who painted, traveled the world, and valued life's creative liberties, Gemma's life is not only tragic — it's a valuable lesson in the crucial need to recognize subtle neurological symptoms early on. Diagnosed at 28 with posterior cortical atrophy (PCA), a rare dementia that attacks the brain's visual processing area, Gemma's condition worsened quickly.

Her premature death highlights an increasing public health issue: overlooked early warning signs of cognitive and neurodegenerative impairment. For policymakers, healthcare professionals, and family members, her tale is both a warning and a reminder.

What is Posterior Cortical Atrophy?

Posterior Cortical Atrophy (PCA) is a rare, progressive neurodegenerative illness usually regarded as a subtype of Alzheimer's disease. In contrast to normal Alzheimer's, which first compromises memory, PCA attacks the rear portion of the brain — the occipital and parietal lobes — that are involved in visual and spatial processing. Some of the symptoms are:

• Trouble reading, identifying objects, or estimating distances
• Visual confusion or disorientation
• Hand-eye coordination difficulties
• Trouble with daily visual activities

Because of its atypical presentation, PCA often goes misdiagnosed as depression, anxiety, or even ophthalmological issues. This diagnostic challenge delayed Gemma’s care for years, despite her early struggles with sight, time perception, and coordination — red flags that now, in hindsight, point clearly to the disease’s onset.

The Missed Signs of Early-Onset Alzheimer's

Gemma's family recalls her as "ditsy," a girl who was unusual but self-reliant. From an early age, she had difficulty with her eyesight, telling the time, and coordination. Her difficulties were attributed to her character and not taken as possible signs of a neurological disorder.

It was not until 2020, during the COVID-19 lockdown, that her condition progressed quickly. She was no longer able to process visual information on her computer screen, and she had to cease working. Her symptoms were first blamed on anxiety and depression. It was not until thorough neurological testing in 2021 that PCA was diagnosed. By this time, the disease had progressed significantly.

This delay in diagnosis had a devastating impact — and it serves as a powerful reminder that even subtle neurological symptoms should not be ignored or dismissed.

Once diagnosed, Gemma's ability to live independently quickly declined. She began needing help with basic tasks: dressing, using the stove, managing appointments. She would call her mother up to 20 times a day. Eventually, she returned home, requiring full-time care.

Her sister Jess remembered, "She didn't know what [PCA] really meant, but that was obviously a blessing in disguise." Even with the dire prognosis, Gemma was relieved at first, believing she could now "fix" whatever was amiss.

But there was no cure. Her illness affected her ability to eat, swallow, talk, and walk. Her family took care of her at home until she died in November 2023, surrounded by loved ones. Her sense of humor, they reported, never left her — one of the few things the disease couldn't steal.

In Gemma's memory, her best friend and siblings completed the 2024 London Marathon, raising more than $47,000 for the National Brain Appeal and Rare Dementia Support (RDS).

"RDS couldn't cure Gemma, but they supported us through it the best way possible," her brother Ben explained. Their aim now is not to let other families endure the same suffering.

The funds raised support research, education, and family care for those with rare dementias — a community frequently ignored in popular discussions of memory decline and aging.

Why Early Detection is Important?

Dementia is commonly regarded as an old person's disease. Gemma's experience shatters the stereotype. Although PCA is uncommon, dementias in younger people are increasingly being diagnosed by neurologists globally.

Cognitive decline does not necessarily begin with memory loss. It may begin subtly — in the guise of visual problems, coordination problems, repeated disorientation, or even mood swings. That's why it's important that clinicians, educators, and families realize early symptoms can be disguised as behavioral idiosyncrasies or psychological problems. Early diagnosis can:

Give time for appropriate care planning and lifestyle changes

Halt progression with cognitive therapies or medications (where indicated)

Provide emotional relief and clarity for patients and families

How to Recognize and Prevent Early Memory Decline?

Although prevention of dementia is not always possible, early identification can dramatically enhance quality of life. Following are the preventive steps anyone can take:

1. Be Alert to Atypical Symptoms

Observe sudden or progressive change in visual-spatial awareness, particularly in young adults. Difficulty judging distances, recognizing objects, or maneuvering in familiar spaces may require neurological assessment.

2. Prioritize Complete Health Evaluations

When symptoms occur, push for full testing. This should involve neuroimaging (MRI or CT), cognitive screening, and — if necessary — spinal fluid analysis.

3. Get Early Intervention

Work with experts like neuropsychologists, neurologists, and occupational therapists early on. They can offer tools and coping strategies to deal with daily activities.

4. Emphasize Brain Health

A diet high in antioxidants (berries, greens), exercise, mental stimulation, and adequate sleep all help improve brain function and lower the risk of cognitive impairment.

5. Know Your Family History

Certain dementias are linked to genetics. If family history exists, don't wait on neurological evaluation if symptoms develop.

A new study revealed that childhood trauma could rewire’ your brain, the researchers suggest that this could lead to aggressive and self-harming behavior.

The study, led by Assistant Professor Sora Shin, identified the specific brain pathway that changes after someone experiences trauma early in life. The results were published in the journal Science Advances.

The researchers explained that their findings suggest that aggression and self-harm, while looking different on the outside, might actually come from the same place in the brain. They might both be a result of how the brain deals with pain signals.

Can Trauma Change Your Brain?

The new discovery is crucial because it’s the first time scientists have found a real biological process that explains how trauma, feeling sensitive to pain, and these harmful behaviors are all connected. This new understanding could lead to much more precise and effective treatments for people who struggle with conditions caused by trauma.

The researchers found that early trauma causes a specific communication line in the brain, linking the nucleus reuniens and the hippocampus, which is the pathway that regulates cognitive, executive and fear-learning process, to become overactive.

The increased activity of structures called calcium channels is what makes a person more likely to be aggressive and hurt themselves.

Both feeling upset and hurt physically seem to trigger these behaviors because the brain’s signals have been changed by trauma.

How Does Childhood Trauma Lead To Aggression?

Shin and her team research how bad experiences in childhood change the brain, leading to harmful behaviors in adulthood. Her previous work looked at how trauma can lead to things like binge eating.

Researchers questioned what really drives aggression and self-harm. Is it just feeling anxious or depressed? Or could there be a deeper reason, possibly related to how the brain handles pain, at the very core of these issues?

They explained that the trauma literally increased the activity of the calcium channel. The trauma changed the brain at a molecular level, causing the neuron to become hyperactive, meaning it was firing too much. This excessive activity in that specific circuit is what makes a person more susceptible to becoming aggressive and hurting themselves.

The research also suggested that pain, including emotional pain, might act as the doorway for these harmful behaviors to appear. By clearly identifying the physical connection in the brain between early trauma and its later effects, the study gives a much deeper understanding that goes beyond just asking people how they feel.

How Is Aggression and Self-Harm Linked?

In people who have gone through early childhood trauma, aggression and self-harm often happen at the same time. Doctors and therapists have known about this link for a while, mostly based on what patients tell them and what they observe in clinics.

To back this up, studies show that people who are treated for self-inflicted injuries are five times more likely to also be extremely aggressive. This strongly suggested that there was a single, underlying reason connecting the two behaviors.

Can This Help Treat Trauma?

Shin noted that extreme aggression is a serious social problem, and self-harm is a major concern for many people seeking treatment. She believes that their study provides clearer, more objective insights into the brain circuits that cause these outcomes. This understanding could eventually lead to the creation of more effective therapies to help people dealing with trauma's lasting impact.

Health concerns around President Donald Trump has again sparked as many noticed him sleeping during the Thursday Press Conference in the Oval Office. The press conference was held to announce a deal with drugmakers on lowering cost of obesity drugs.

While the meeting had to be cut short after a man collapsed, videos from before the very incident showed president Trump sitting with his eyes closed. He seemed to have slumped on his chair. Many on X observed his actions, sparking health concerns. One X user wrote: "Trump was literally slumped over asleep during this conference. No wonder they keeping on doing 6 month brain scans." While another user wrote: "Trump just sleeping slumped over in his chair..." Another user wrote: "Dr Oz linking obesity to dementia while Trump's slumped over at his desk is absolutely a choice..."

Many users also joked about looking at his brain scans, as one of the users wrote: "What I would give to see that MRI report!" Another noted: "Trump looks seriously unwell. There are definitely medical issues being hidden from the public."

Trump Dozing Off At Official Announcements

This is not the first time President Trump has dozed off during an official announcement. Donald Trump appeared to momentarily doze off during a press conference which was held with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. Media outlets have reported that the president struggled with his words and when it was Netanyahu's turn to speak, Trump looked completely disassociated, and even appeared to doze off momentarily. Trump was seen "jolting as he woke himself up".

The video from the press conference shows the president standing at the podium with his eyes closed, and within a few seconds, he was startled, blinking his eye, while he tapped his fingers on the podium in a manner to keep himself awake.

Then a few seconds later again, Trump appeared to have been sleeping again, but this time he moved his body to wake himself back again.

These clips from the past and the recent press conference have again sparked concerns around the president's health. However, no official statement on Trump's health has been released. In fact, his physician had pronounced him in "excellent overall health".

However, his past behaviors have raised concerned about his cognitive decline.

After two psychologists raised questions about the US President Donald Trump's mental health, saying that he showed signs of frontotemporal dementia (FTD), questions about his cognitive health is again intensified after Dr Narinder Kapur, a consultant neuropsychologist and visiting professor at the University College London said that president's behavior over the last six months has been "quite odd and strange," as reported by Express, UK.

Kapur said that Trump's suggestion that Canada should become the 51st US state. and his desire to "take over Greenland", and his controversial comments linking autism with paracetamol are really "bizarre". “Even though he’s probably been led a bit by [Robert F.] Kennedy [Jr.] on that, still for Trump to say the things he did was really quite odd and bizarre,” he said.

While Kapur did not diagnose Trump with dementia, he did suggest the possibility of frontotemporal dementia. “If one was thinking about the various possible dementias he’s got, certainly frontotemporal dementia is one of them, because some of his behavior has been really quite bizarre,” he said, adding that an Alzheimer’s test would help clarify concerns.

Scientists have found that a type of morning-after pill may help protect young women from developing breast cancer. The drug, which is already available for free on the NHS, blocks the hormone progesterone and has been shown to trigger changes in breast tissue that make it less likely for cancer to form. One woman who chose to undergo a double mastectomy as a preventive measure says the discovery “offers hope” to others at high genetic risk of the disease.

A team from Manchester University studied 24 women between 2016 and 2019 who were at high genetic risk of breast cancer due to family history. These women, aged between 34 and 44, took ulipristal acetate, and researchers observed that their breast tissue became less dense and less stiff, conditions that make it harder for cancers to grow.

What Is Ulipristal Acetate?

Ulipristal acetate is commonly prescribed as emergency contraception and to treat moderate to severe uterine fibroids. It works by blocking progesterone receptors, delaying ovulation, and altering the uterine lining to prevent pregnancy, as per 1mg.

Earlier research has also shown that triple-negative breast cancer tends to return or spread more quickly than other breast cancer types, especially within the first few years after diagnosis.

Is Ulipristal Acetate A Promising Step Toward Prevention?

Dr Sacha Howell, lead author of the study and Consultant Oncologist at The Christie Hospital in Manchester, said, “Our research shows that progesterone has a vital role in the development of breast cancer among high-risk women. By blocking its effects, ulipristal acetate and similar drugs could serve as effective preventive treatments,” he explained.

The findings suggest that using ulipristal acetate to prevent breast cancer may one day help women at higher risk before menopause.

Currently, these women face only two preventive options: long-term hormone therapy, which can cause side effects like higher blood clot risk and reduced bone density, or preventive surgery to remove part or all of the breasts.

The Need for Better Options

Dr Simon Vincent, chief scientific officer at Breast Cancer Now, which funded the study, said, “We urgently need better preventive treatments that protect both health and quality of life for women at high risk of breast cancer. Repurposing existing medications, like ulipristal acetate, could be a major step forward. Right now, the available options—preventive surgery or hormone therapy can have a serious impact on both the body and emotional wellbeing.”

The study, published in Nature, found that ulipristal acetate reduced the growth of certain breast cells known as luminal progenitors. These cells can develop into triple-negative breast cancer, an aggressive form of the disease that often affects younger and Black women.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and should not be taken as medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting, stopping, or changing any medication or treatment.