Tanya Dutt

This Simple Eye Test Could Save You From Stroke, New Study Suggests

A Simple Eye Test Could Save You From Stroke, New Study Suggests

The human eye has long been considered a window to the soul, but modern science reveals its potential for being a diagnostic window toward our health. Researchers have already discovered that in the retina – the light-sensitive layer at the back of the human eye – resides an intricate network of blood vessels that can foretell crucial elements about a person's risk to stroke. This finding is a non-invasive and accessible approach to predicting stroke, hence challenging the dependency on the classic risk factors alone, such as high cholesterol or blood pressure. Recent research published in the journal Heart identified a "vascular fingerprint" in the retina, comprising 29 indicators of blood vessel health. 

This fingerprint can predict the likelihood of a stroke with accuracy comparable to conventional methods. These indicators include characteristics like the density, twistedness, and complexity of retinal veins and arteries, which mirror the vascular architecture of the brain.

This innovative approach is particularly promising for primary healthcare settings and resource-constrained environments, where invasive lab tests may not be feasible. The potential to assess <span>stroke risk</span> through a simple retinal scan marks a significant leap in preventive medicine.

The researchers, who include those from The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital in Australia, analyzed fundus images, which are specialized photographs of the retina from more than 68,000 participants in the UK Biobank dataset. Over an average follow-up period of 12.5 years, 749 of those participants had a stroke.

The researchers used advanced machine learning models, such as the Retina-based Microvascular Health Assessment System (RMHAS), to study 30 indicators in five key categories of retinal vascular architecture.

These categories included calibre, which measured the length, diameter, and ratio of veins and arteries; density, which focused on the distribution of blood vessels in the retina; twistedness, analyzing the curvature and patterns of the vascular network; branching angle, which examined how veins and arteries split into smaller branches; and complexity, which evaluated the overall intricacy of the vascular network. In the study, age, sex, socioeconomic status, lifestyle habits, and health parameters, including blood pressure and cholesterol levels, were taken into account to ensure that the findings were robust. The analysis showed that 29 out of 118 retinal vascular indicators are significantly associated with first-time stroke risk.

Changes in density indicators corresponded to 10-19% increased risks of stroke; alterations in calibre indicators were accompanied by a 10-14% increase. Other studies have suggested that decreases in complexity and twistedness indicators corresponded to a 10.5-19.5% higher risk of stroke. These data support the <span>retinal imaging</span> non-invasive diagnostic tool for prediction of early stroke.

Amazingly, the <span>retinal vascular fingerprint</span> alone, in combination with only age and sex, was as good at predicting stroke risk as traditional methods that rely on invasive tests.

<h2>How the Retina is Connected to your Brain</h2>

Retinal blood vessels bear anatomical and physiological resemblance to those in the brain. Given this, it is an attractive organ for understanding the systemic health of the vasculature. Many diseases, for example, which damage blood vessels throughout the body, leave evidence in the retinal microvascular network. Diabetic retinopathy and hypertensive retinopathy are examples.

The study does have several limitations with this being an observational research, and so it cannot claim to establish any cause-and-effect relationships. The research was also primarily conducted on whites, which makes the findings a little less generalizable to a diverse population. Future studies would be better in including a range of ethnicities and exploring the risk of stroke associated with the type of stroke.

<h2>Simple Method To Detect Stroke Risk</h2>

Traditional stroke risk assessment is often confined to blood studies and imaging studies; however, these tools are not freely available in some low-resource settings. Retinal photography provides a completely non-invasive imaging modality. All that will be needed will be a basic photograph of an eye.

It is, therefore, through the introduction of artificial intelligence that has been a game-changer in retinal imaging. Systems like RMHAS rely on machine learning to pick out patterns and biomarkers that the human eye might not identify. Such improvements not only enhance predictive accuracy but also speed up the process while making it more cost-effective.

<strong>Also Read:</strong> <a href="https://www.healthandme.com/health-wellness/3-shocking-stroke-risk-factors-you-need-to-control-now-article-151073678" data-type="tilCustomLink" target="_blank">3 Shocking Stroke Risk Factors You Need To Control NOW</a>

<h2>Prevention of Stroke through Early Detection</h2>

Stroke is one of the leading global health concerns, causing nearly 100 million cases a year and killing 6.7 million people. The majority of the cases are due to modifiable risk factors, including high blood pressure, poor diet, and smoking. The early warning system could help individuals and healthcare providers act proactively on these risks by providing an early warning system.

The discovery of the vascular fingerprint of the retina as a predictor of stroke risk is a testament to the power of innovative diagnostics. This non-invasive, accessible method may revolutionize stroke prevention, especially in underserved communities. As research continues to refine this approach and broaden its applicability, the eye may soon become an essential tool in safeguarding our brain health.

<h2>Every Day Tips to Prevent Stroke and Detect Risks Early</h2>

The good news is that strokes can be prevented in most cases by living a healthy lifestyle, coupled with knowing the early warning indicators. Implement these tips daily and prevent your risk for stroke before it gets too late.

- High blood pressure is one of the leading risk factors for stroke. Uncontrolled hypertension can weaken blood vessels, making them more prone to rupture or blockage. Invest in a home blood pressure monitor to check your readings regularly. Maintain a target of 120/80 mmHg by reducing salt intake, staying physically active, and adhering to prescribed medications.

- Unhealthy eating habits, such as diets with high levels of processed foods, saturated fats, and cholesterol, can lead to obesity and blocked arteries. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, and healthy fats is key. Include leafy greens, berries, nuts, and fish high in omega-3s, which help maintain cardiovascular health.

- Regular physical activity lowers the risk of high blood pressure, obesity, and diabetes, three leading causes of stroke. Try to engage in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity a week. Examples include brisk walking, cycling, or swimming. Also incorporate strength training to help strengthen your blood vessels.

- Smoking harms your blood vessels, promotes blood clots, and reduces the oxygen in your blood. Overconsumption of alcohol can raise your blood pressure and lead to weight gain. Quit smoking with support groups, counseling, or nicotine replacement therapy. Limit your intake of alcohol to moderate levels; that is, one drink a day for women and two for men.

- Unmanaged conditions, such as diabetes, high cholesterol, and atrial fibrillation, significantly increase stroke risk. Work with your healthcare provider to monitor and manage these conditions. For example, maintain blood sugar levels within target ranges for diabetes and take anticoagulants if diagnosed with atrial fibrillation.

- Obesity strains the cardiovascular system and increases the risk for stroke. Have a healthy diet along with regular exercise to have a sustainable weight loss. Small, consistent changes in, say, portion control or simply not having too many sugary drinks may make a big difference.

- As a result of this, dehydration could thicken blood, then clots might form. Drink at least 8-10 glasses of water per day. Include hydrating foods like cucumbers and watermelon in your diet, especially during hot weather or exercise.

- Poor sleep quality increases blood pressure, triggers inflammation, and raises stroke risk. Ensure 7-8 hours of sleep at night. Develop a bedtime routine: reduce screen time, have a regular schedule, and avoid caffeine close to bedtime. 

- Acting fast during a stroke can prevent long-term damage and save lives. Learn the FAST acronym: 

S: Difficulty speaking T: Time to call 911

- Regular medical check-ups can identify and manage stroke risk factors before they lead to a stroke. Make an annual physical to track cholesterol, blood pressure, and other essential health markers. If you have a family history of stroke, discuss retinal imaging or carotid artery screening with your physician.

<em><a href="https://heart.bmj.com/content/early/2025/01/03/heartjnl-2024-324705.citation-tools" data-type="tilCustomLink" target="_blank" rel= "noopener nofollow noreferrer" target= "_blank">Retinal vascular fingerprints predict incident stroke: findings from the UK Biobank cohort study</a>. Heart. 2025</em>

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The human eye has long been considered a window to the soul, but modern science reveals its potential for being a diagnostic window toward our health. Researchers have already discovered that in the retina – the light-sensitive layer at the back of the human eye – resides an intricate network of blood vessels that can foretell crucial elements about a person's risk to stroke. This finding is a non-invasive and accessible approach to predicting stroke, hence challenging the dependency on the classic risk factors alone, such as high cholesterol or blood pressure. Recent research published in the journal Heart identified a "vascular fingerprint" in the retina, comprising 29 indicators of blood vessel health. This fingerprint can predict the likelihood of a stroke with accuracy comparable to conventional methods. These indicators include characteristics like the density, twistedness, and complexity of retinal veins and arteries, which mirror the vascular architecture of the brain.This innovative approach is particularly promising for primary healthcare settings and resource-constrained environments, where invasive lab tests may not be feasible. The potential to assess stroke risk through a simple retinal scan marks a significant leap in preventive medicine.The researchers, who include those from The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital in Australia, analyzed fundus images, which are specialized photographs of the retina from more than 68,000 participants in the UK Biobank dataset. Over an average follow-up period of 12.5 years, 749 of those participants had a stroke.The researchers used advanced machine learning models, such as the Retina-based Microvascular Health Assessment System (RMHAS), to study 30 indicators in five key categories of retinal vascular architecture.These categories included calibre, which measured the length, diameter, and ratio of veins and arteries; density, which focused on the distribution of blood vessels in the retina; twistedness, analyzing the curvature and patterns of the vascular network; branching angle, which examined how veins and arteries split into smaller branches; and complexity, which evaluated the overall intricacy of the vascular network. In the study, age, sex, socioeconomic status, lifestyle habits, and health parameters, including blood pressure and cholesterol levels, were taken into account to ensure that the findings were robust. The analysis showed that 29 out of 118 retinal vascular indicators are significantly associated with first-time stroke risk.Changes in density indicators corresponded to 10-19% increased risks of stroke; alterations in calibre indicators were accompanied by a 10-14% increase. Other studies have suggested that decreases in complexity and twistedness indicators corresponded to a 10.5-19.5% higher risk of stroke. These data support the retinal imaging non-invasive diagnostic tool for prediction of early stroke.Amazingly, the retinal vascular fingerprint alone, in combination with only age and sex, was as good at predicting stroke risk as traditional methods that rely on invasive tests. How the Retina is Connected to your BrainRetinal blood vessels bear anatomical and physiological resemblance to those in the brain. Given this, it is an attractive organ for understanding the systemic health of the vasculature. Many diseases, for example, which damage blood vessels throughout the body, leave evidence in the retinal microvascular network. Diabetic retinopathy and hypertensive retinopathy are examples.The study does have several limitations with this being an observational research, and so it cannot claim to establish any cause-and-effect relationships. The research was also primarily conducted on whites, which makes the findings a little less generalizable to a diverse population. Future studies would be better in including a range of ethnicities and exploring the risk of stroke associated with the type of stroke. Simple Method To Detect Stroke RiskTraditional stroke risk assessment is often confined to blood studies and imaging studies; however, these tools are not freely available in some low-resource settings. Retinal photography provides a completely non-invasive imaging modality. All that will be needed will be a basic photograph of an eye.It is, therefore, through the introduction of artificial intelligence that has been a game-changer in retinal imaging. Systems like RMHAS rely on machine learning to pick out patterns and biomarkers that the human eye might not identify. Such improvements not only enhance predictive accuracy but also speed up the process while making it more cost-effective.Also Read: 3 Shocking Stroke Risk Factors You Need To Control NOW Prevention of Stroke through Early DetectionStroke is one of the leading global health concerns, causing nearly 100 million cases a year and killing 6.7 million people. The majority of the cases are due to modifiable risk factors, including high blood pressure, poor diet, and smoking. The early warning system could help individuals and healthcare providers act proactively on these risks by providing an early warning system.The discovery of the vascular fingerprint of the retina as a predictor of stroke risk is a testament to the power of innovative diagnostics. This non-invasive, accessible method may revolutionize stroke prevention, especially in underserved communities. As research continues to refine this approach and broaden its applicability, the eye may soon become an essential tool in safeguarding our brain health.Every Day Tips to Prevent Stroke and Detect Risks EarlyThe good news is that strokes can be prevented in most cases by living a healthy lifestyle, coupled with knowing the early warning indicators. Implement these tips daily and prevent your risk for stroke before it gets too late.- High blood pressure is one of the leading risk factors for stroke. Uncontrolled hypertension can weaken blood vessels, making them more prone to rupture or blockage. Invest in a home blood pressure monitor to check your readings regularly. Maintain a target of 120/80 mmHg by reducing salt intake, staying physically active, and adhering to prescribed medications.- Unhealthy eating habits, such as diets with high levels of processed foods, saturated fats, and cholesterol, can lead to obesity and blocked arteries. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, and healthy fats is key. Include leafy greens, berries, nuts, and fish high in omega-3s, which help maintain cardiovascular health.- Regular physical activity lowers the risk of high blood pressure, obesity, and diabetes, three leading causes of stroke. Try to engage in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity a week. Examples include brisk walking, cycling, or swimming. Also incorporate strength training to help strengthen your blood vessels.- Smoking harms your blood vessels, promotes blood clots, and reduces the oxygen in your blood. Overconsumption of alcohol can raise your blood pressure and lead to weight gain. Quit smoking with support groups, counseling, or nicotine replacement therapy. Limit your intake of alcohol to moderate levels; that is, one drink a day for women and two for men.- Unmanaged conditions, such as diabetes, high cholesterol, and atrial fibrillation, significantly increase stroke risk. Work with your healthcare provider to monitor and manage these conditions. For example, maintain blood sugar levels within target ranges for diabetes and take anticoagulants if diagnosed with atrial fibrillation.- Obesity strains the cardiovascular system and increases the risk for stroke. Have a healthy diet along with regular exercise to have a sustainable weight loss. Small, consistent changes in, say, portion control or simply not having too many sugary drinks may make a big difference.- As a result of this, dehydration could thicken blood, then clots might form. Drink at least 8-10 glasses of water per day. Include hydrating foods like cucumbers and watermelon in your diet, especially during hot weather or exercise.- Poor sleep quality increases blood pressure, triggers inflammation, and raises stroke risk. Ensure 7-8 hours of sleep at night. Develop a bedtime routine: reduce screen time, have a regular schedule, and avoid caffeine close to bedtime. - Acting fast during a stroke can prevent long-term damage and save lives. Learn the FAST acronym: F: Face droopingA: Arm weaknessS: Difficulty speaking T: Time to call 911- Regular medical check-ups can identify and manage stroke risk factors before they lead to a stroke. Make an annual physical to track cholesterol, blood pressure, and other essential health markers. If you have a family history of stroke, discuss retinal imaging or carotid artery screening with your physician.Retinal vascular fingerprints predict incident stroke: findings from the UK Biobank cohort study. Heart. 2025

a simple eye test could save you from stroke, new study suggests

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What Is Acute Gastroenteritis? The Gastric Issue Real Madrid’s Star Footballer Kylian Mbapp Was Hospitalized For

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Football fans around the world were stunned when Real Madrid confirmed that Kylian Mbappé, its French captain and marquee signing, was hospitalized for an acute bout of gastroenteritis during the Club World Cup. Although Real Madrid had originally reported that he was absent for the initial match because of illness, there was a formal medical report that confirmed the extent of his illness and in-hospital treatment and tests he required.

Even though Mbappé is recovering now with specific medical treatment outside the hospital, his sudden health fright focused fresh public attention on a prevalent but poorly understood illness: acute gastroenteritis.

Gastroenteritis is the inflammation of the stomach and intestines that causes vomiting, diarrhea, cramps in the abdomen, and occasionally fever or muscle pain. Commonly called the "stomach flu," it is not caused by the flu virus and has nothing to do with respiratory infections. Rather, it is usually caused by infection or chemical irritants to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. There are two main types:

<ol><li>Infectious gastroenteritis – due to viruses, bacteria, parasites, or fungi.</li><li>Chemical gastroenteritis – due to ingestion of poisonous substances such as some drugs, alcohol, or polluted food/water.</li></ol>

Mbappé's illness is an acute gastroenteritis, which means the symptoms came on suddenly and intensely but would likely pass with good care.

<h2><span rel="noindex">How Gastroenteritis Spreads</span>?</h2>

The most prevalent reason for gastroenteritis is the intake of contaminated food or water. It is also spread by contact with infected people or surfaces they have contacted. Some typical situations include:

<ul><li>Consumption of undercooked meat or seafood</li><li>Inadequate washing of hands after using the toilet</li><li>Drinking unbottled or unfiltered water during travel</li></ul>

Though most individuals recover quickly, individuals with compromised immune systems—such as young children, elderly, or those with chronic diseases—are at a higher risk for developing complications like dehydration and extended illness. 

Acute gastroenteritis usually presents with a combination of the following:

<ul><li>Sudden onset of watery diarrhea (non-bloody)</li><li>Nausea and vomiting</li><li>Abdominal cramps or bloating</li><li>Low-grade fever</li><li>General fatigue or muscle aches</li></ul>

These symptoms typically occur within 1–3 days of contact with the infection and can last anywhere from 24 hours up to two weeks, depending upon the cause and the immune response of the patient.

In the Mbappé case, the symptoms were bad enough to need hospitalization, which is not usual but required for observation of dehydration, electrolyte disturbances, or ongoing vomiting.

The origin of gastroenteritis comes from the inflammatory reaction in the body from a threat within the gastrointestinal system. Pathogens or toxic chemicals entering the system will have the immune reaction summon inflammation to combat invaders and heal damage.

In a majority of instances, it is an acute and transient condition. But if the infection is especially virulent or if the immune system of the body is weakened, inflammation becomes intense, aggravating symptoms and necessitating medical attention. The most common offenders are:

<ul><li>Viruses (such as norovirus and rotavirus)</li><li>Bacteria (E. coli, Salmonella, or Campylobacter)</li><li>Parasites (Giardia)</li><li>Fungi (uncommon but potential in immunocompromised hosts)</li></ul>

<h2>How Serious Is Acute Gastroenteritis?</h2>

For otherwise healthy people, acute gastroenteritis is usually self-limiting and resolves with rest and hydration. For elite athletes such as Mbappé, any alteration in the body's fluid and nutrient balance can have a profound impact on performance and recovery. The disease becomes more severe when:

<ul><li>Dehydration occurs from heavy vomiting and diarrhea</li><li>The symptoms do not improve after a few days</li><li>There is the presence of blood in stool</li><li>There's a loss of ability to retain fluids</li><li>Fever is severe and persistent</li></ul>

In such instances, hospitalization is advisable—as in Mbappé's case—for rehydration, electrolyte balance, and observation.

Although not all gastroenteritis cases can be avoided, the risk may be drastically cut down by sensible and preventive hygiene practices. Here's how:

Hand washing with soap and water for 20 seconds or more, particularly before eating and after using the bathroom, is one of the best means of preventing the transmission of GI infections.

Do not cross-contaminate when handling food, thoroughly cook meat, and refrigerate perishables immediately. Wash fruits and vegetables before eating.

While traveling, use sealed bottled water, don't drink ice in beverages, and eat only cooked or packaged food to minimize the risk of "traveler's diarrhea."

Disinfect surfaces frequently in shared spaces such as gyms, bathrooms, or kitchens to stop the spread of infection.

<h4>5. Watch Out for Medication and Drug Use</h4>

Excessive alcohol or certain medications use can irritate the lining of the gut and lead to chemical gastroenteritis.

While Kylian Mbappé will soon return to action, his recent hospitalization is a reminder that even the best professional athletes are not beyond the reach of diseases such as gastroenteritis. It also emphasizes the value of early treatment and medical surveillance in more complicated instances.

For the general public, it is imperative that they know about the causes, symptoms, and prevention of gastroenteritis—particularly with increasing travel and food safety as an ongoing global issue. With the right information and good hygiene techniques, most instances of gastroenteritis can be prevented or treated at home. But learning when to seek assistance—such as Mbappé's medical team—is what can turn the tables.

Acute gastroenteritis is widespread, but its effect can be from mild disruption to severe health risk depending on how it is handled. As a world-class sportsman or an average person coping with day-to-day well-being, early recognition of the symptoms, fluid intake, and attention to food and hygiene safety can keep you one step ahead of this miserable but avoidable illness.

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Football fans around the world were stunned when Real Madrid confirmed that Kylian Mbappé, its French captain and marquee signing, was hospitalized for an acute bout of gastroenteritis during the Club World Cup. Although Real Madrid had originally reported that he was absent for the initial match because of illness, there was a formal medical report that confirmed the extent of his illness and in-hospital treatment and tests he required.Even though Mbappé is recovering now with specific medical treatment outside the hospital, his sudden health fright focused fresh public attention on a prevalent but poorly understood illness: acute gastroenteritis.What Gastroenteritis?Gastroenteritis is the inflammation of the stomach and intestines that causes vomiting, diarrhea, cramps in the abdomen, and occasionally fever or muscle pain. Commonly called the "stomach flu," it is not caused by the flu virus and has nothing to do with respiratory infections. Rather, it is usually caused by infection or chemical irritants to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. There are two main types:Infectious gastroenteritis – due to viruses, bacteria, parasites, or fungi.Chemical gastroenteritis – due to ingestion of poisonous substances such as some drugs, alcohol, or polluted food/water.Mbappé's illness is an acute gastroenteritis, which means the symptoms came on suddenly and intensely but would likely pass with good care.How Gastroenteritis Spreads?The most prevalent reason for gastroenteritis is the intake of contaminated food or water. It is also spread by contact with infected people or surfaces they have contacted. Some typical situations include:Consumption of undercooked meat or seafoodInadequate washing of hands after using the toiletDrinking unbottled or unfiltered water during travelThough most individuals recover quickly, individuals with compromised immune systems—such as young children, elderly, or those with chronic diseases—are at a higher risk for developing complications like dehydration and extended illness. Symptoms Of GastroenteritisAcute gastroenteritis usually presents with a combination of the following:Sudden onset of watery diarrhea (non-bloody)Nausea and vomitingAbdominal cramps or bloatingLow-grade feverGeneral fatigue or muscle achesThese symptoms typically occur within 1–3 days of contact with the infection and can last anywhere from 24 hours up to two weeks, depending upon the cause and the immune response of the patient.In the Mbappé case, the symptoms were bad enough to need hospitalization, which is not usual but required for observation of dehydration, electrolyte disturbances, or ongoing vomiting.What Causes Gastroenteritis?The origin of gastroenteritis comes from the inflammatory reaction in the body from a threat within the gastrointestinal system. Pathogens or toxic chemicals entering the system will have the immune reaction summon inflammation to combat invaders and heal damage.In a majority of instances, it is an acute and transient condition. But if the infection is especially virulent or if the immune system of the body is weakened, inflammation becomes intense, aggravating symptoms and necessitating medical attention. The most common offenders are:Viruses (such as norovirus and rotavirus)Bacteria (E. coli, Salmonella, or Campylobacter)Parasites (Giardia)Fungi (uncommon but potential in immunocompromised hosts)How Serious Is Acute Gastroenteritis?For otherwise healthy people, acute gastroenteritis is usually self-limiting and resolves with rest and hydration. For elite athletes such as Mbappé, any alteration in the body's fluid and nutrient balance can have a profound impact on performance and recovery. The disease becomes more severe when:Dehydration occurs from heavy vomiting and diarrheaThe symptoms do not improve after a few daysThere is the presence of blood in stoolThere's a loss of ability to retain fluidsFever is severe and persistentIn such instances, hospitalization is advisable—as in Mbappé's case—for rehydration, electrolyte balance, and observation.What You Can Do to Stay Safe?Although not all gastroenteritis cases can be avoided, the risk may be drastically cut down by sensible and preventive hygiene practices. Here's how:1. Practice Proper HandwashingHand washing with soap and water for 20 seconds or more, particularly before eating and after using the bathroom, is one of the best means of preventing the transmission of GI infections.2. Safe Food HandlingDo not cross-contaminate when handling food, thoroughly cook meat, and refrigerate perishables immediately. Wash fruits and vegetables before eating.3. Safe Water to DrinkWhile traveling, use sealed bottled water, don't drink ice in beverages, and eat only cooked or packaged food to minimize the risk of "traveler's diarrhea."4. Clean SurfacesDisinfect surfaces frequently in shared spaces such as gyms, bathrooms, or kitchens to stop the spread of infection.5. Watch Out for Medication and Drug UseExcessive alcohol or certain medications use can irritate the lining of the gut and lead to chemical gastroenteritis.While Kylian Mbappé will soon return to action, his recent hospitalization is a reminder that even the best professional athletes are not beyond the reach of diseases such as gastroenteritis. It also emphasizes the value of early treatment and medical surveillance in more complicated instances.For the general public, it is imperative that they know about the causes, symptoms, and prevention of gastroenteritis—particularly with increasing travel and food safety as an ongoing global issue. With the right information and good hygiene techniques, most instances of gastroenteritis can be prevented or treated at home. But learning when to seek assistance—such as Mbappé's medical team—is what can turn the tables.Acute gastroenteritis is widespread, but its effect can be from mild disruption to severe health risk depending on how it is handled. As a world-class sportsman or an average person coping with day-to-day well-being, early recognition of the symptoms, fluid intake, and attention to food and hygiene safety can keep you one step ahead of this miserable but avoidable illness.

what is acute gastroenteritis? the gastric issue real madrid’s star footballer kylian mbapp was hospitalized for

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Although there is no ‘cure for all’ way to eradicate <span>cancer</span>, treatments and medicine have made survival rates much higher. While more cancer treatments do help people go into remission, which is when the symptoms of a disease like cancer lessen or go away. 

However, the chances of cancer coming back are still present, which is a reality many cancer patients have to deal with. For one such survivor, this reality may be permanent. Carol Johnson-Cromer is a powerhouse of energy, resilience, and a deep commitment to helping others. She's a three-time <span>breast cancer survivor</span>, first diagnosed in 2000 at age 38, and again in 2019 and 2023. 

Carol's first <span>breast cancer</span> diagnosis came less than a month after a routine check-up when she found a lump. Her doctor quickly arranged a biopsy, which confirmed that it was breast cancer. Carol underwent lumpectomy, chemotherapy, radiation, and took Tamoxifen. 

Nearly 20 years later, she found another lump in the same breast. After almost two decades in remission, and with a strong desire to live fully for her family and community, she chose to have a double mastectomy. Carol felt an urgent need to move forward, and her determination helped quiet her fears during this time. 

But her fight wasn't over. Four years later, she found another lump, this time on the right side of her neck, and was diagnosed with <span>metastatic breast cancer</span>. Carol has since embraced a "new normal," which includes ongoing, lifelong treatment for cancer.

<h2>What is Metastatic Breast Cancer? </h2>

According to the National Breast Cancer Foundation, metastatic breast cancer (MBC) means the breast cancer has spread from where it started in the breast to other parts of your body. It's also called Stage 4, advanced, or distant breast cancer. 

Cancer cells can spread in a couple of ways: sometimes, the cancer comes back in a different part of the body months or years after you were first treated (this is called a distant recurrence). Other times, the cancer has already spread to other areas by the time it's first found (this is called de novo metastatic breast cancer). 

The most common type of breast cancer, called invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), usually spreads to the bones, lungs, liver, or brain. Another type, called invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), often goes to organs like the uterus, ovaries, stomach, intestines, and sometimes the brain. 

Right now, there isn't a cure for metastatic breast cancer. However, more and more women are living longer with the disease. Doctors focus on managing it like a long-term illness through ongoing treatment and monitoring, with the main goal of keeping your quality of life as good as possible. 

Despite the immense challenges, Carol found strength within herself. “The challenge every time is maintaining a positive mindset, focusing on the body by exercising in the midst of exhaustion, and embracing one’s spirit by waking up every day ready to breathe life and light into every person, place, or thing,” she said. 

The Cancer Research UK explains that even after treatment, a few cancer cells might be left behind and start to grow again, forming a new tumor. Sometimes, cancer cells might have already spread to other parts of the body but were too small to be seen. These tiny, hidden groups of cells can then grow into new tumors later on. 

Even though surgeons try their very best to remove all cancer during an operation, it's possible that a tiny group of cancer cells gets left behind. Also, some cancer cells might have already broken off from the main tumor before surgery but were too small to be noticed. These are called micrometastases. 

If your doctor thinks there's a chance cancer cells were left or had spread, they might suggest more treatment after surgery, called adjuvant treatment. This extra treatment could be chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormone therapy and targeted cancer drugs.

<h2>When Cancer Becomes Resistant to Treatment </h2>

Sometimes, cancer cells can become "resistant" to cancer drugs, meaning the drugs stop working. This happens because cancer cells can change or mutate over time. These changes can make them ignore the drugs that used to kill them. If this happens, doctors might try a different type of treatment. Sometimes, cancers can even become resistant to many drugs at once. 

Scientists have found that some of these changes can make cancer cells pump the drugs out, keeping them from working. Researchers are constantly looking for ways to overcome this resistance to make treatments more effective. 

Many cancers can be cured today. However, some cancers can return many years later, which is why doctors might be careful about using the word "cure." Instead, they often say your cancer is in remission. This means there's no sign of cancer in your body. If any cancer cells are left, they are either too few to find, too few to cause problems, or are simply not active and not growing. 

Because doctors can't be 100% sure all cancer cells are gone, they might suggest long-term treatment, like hormone therapy or a targeted drug, to try and stop the cancer from coming back. 

It can be very tough to live with the thought that your cancer might come back. Even if doctors say there's a very high chance your cancer is gone for good, it's natural to feel worried that they can't be absolutely certain. 

Some people find it hard to stop thinking about it or feel afraid to plan for the future. While this feeling is common, for most people, the risk of cancer returning goes down over time. Most cancers that do come back usually do so within the first 2 years after treatment. After 5 years, the chance is even lower. For some cancers, after 10 years, your doctor might finally say you're cured. If you are finding it difficult to cope with, reach out for help and look into support groups and mental health support sources. 

Breast cancer

Cancer

Cancer survivor story

Cancer stories of hope

Metastatic Breast Cancer

Lifelong breast cancer treatments

Cancer Remission and Relapse

Breast Cancer Survivor

Although there is no ‘cure for all’ way to eradicate cancer, treatments and medicine have made survival rates much higher. While more cancer treatments do help people go into remission, which is when the symptoms of a disease like cancer lessen or go away. However, the chances of cancer coming back are still present, which is a reality many cancer patients have to deal with. For one such survivor, this reality may be permanent. Carol Johnson-Cromer is a powerhouse of energy, resilience, and a deep commitment to helping others. She's a three-time breast cancer survivor, first diagnosed in 2000 at age 38, and again in 2019 and 2023. Facing Cancer Head-On Carol's first breast cancer diagnosis came less than a month after a routine check-up when she found a lump. Her doctor quickly arranged a biopsy, which confirmed that it was breast cancer. Carol underwent lumpectomy, chemotherapy, radiation, and took Tamoxifen. Nearly 20 years later, she found another lump in the same breast. After almost two decades in remission, and with a strong desire to live fully for her family and community, she chose to have a double mastectomy. Carol felt an urgent need to move forward, and her determination helped quiet her fears during this time. But her fight wasn't over. Four years later, she found another lump, this time on the right side of her neck, and was diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer. Carol has since embraced a "new normal," which includes ongoing, lifelong treatment for cancer. What is Metastatic Breast Cancer? According to the National Breast Cancer Foundation, metastatic breast cancer (MBC) means the breast cancer has spread from where it started in the breast to other parts of your body. It's also called Stage 4, advanced, or distant breast cancer. Cancer cells can spread in a couple of ways: sometimes, the cancer comes back in a different part of the body months or years after you were first treated (this is called a distant recurrence). Other times, the cancer has already spread to other areas by the time it's first found (this is called de novo metastatic breast cancer). The most common type of breast cancer, called invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), usually spreads to the bones, lungs, liver, or brain. Another type, called invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), often goes to organs like the uterus, ovaries, stomach, intestines, and sometimes the brain. Right now, there isn't a cure for metastatic breast cancer. However, more and more women are living longer with the disease. Doctors focus on managing it like a long-term illness through ongoing treatment and monitoring, with the main goal of keeping your quality of life as good as possible. Despite the immense challenges, Carol found strength within herself. “The challenge every time is maintaining a positive mindset, focusing on the body by exercising in the midst of exhaustion, and embracing one’s spirit by waking up every day ready to breathe life and light into every person, place, or thing,” she said. Why Some Cancers Come Back The Cancer Research UK explains that even after treatment, a few cancer cells might be left behind and start to grow again, forming a new tumor. Sometimes, cancer cells might have already spread to other parts of the body but were too small to be seen. These tiny, hidden groups of cells can then grow into new tumors later on. Even though surgeons try their very best to remove all cancer during an operation, it's possible that a tiny group of cancer cells gets left behind. Also, some cancer cells might have already broken off from the main tumor before surgery but were too small to be noticed. These are called micrometastases. If your doctor thinks there's a chance cancer cells were left or had spread, they might suggest more treatment after surgery, called adjuvant treatment. This extra treatment could be chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormone therapy and targeted cancer drugs. When Cancer Becomes Resistant to Treatment Sometimes, cancer cells can become "resistant" to cancer drugs, meaning the drugs stop working. This happens because cancer cells can change or mutate over time. These changes can make them ignore the drugs that used to kill them. If this happens, doctors might try a different type of treatment. Sometimes, cancers can even become resistant to many drugs at once. Scientists have found that some of these changes can make cancer cells pump the drugs out, keeping them from working. Researchers are constantly looking for ways to overcome this resistance to make treatments more effective. Many cancers can be cured today. However, some cancers can return many years later, which is why doctors might be careful about using the word "cure." Instead, they often say your cancer is in remission. This means there's no sign of cancer in your body. If any cancer cells are left, they are either too few to find, too few to cause problems, or are simply not active and not growing. Because doctors can't be 100% sure all cancer cells are gone, they might suggest long-term treatment, like hormone therapy or a targeted drug, to try and stop the cancer from coming back. Living with Uncertainty It can be very tough to live with the thought that your cancer might come back. Even if doctors say there's a very high chance your cancer is gone for good, it's natural to feel worried that they can't be absolutely certain. Some people find it hard to stop thinking about it or feel afraid to plan for the future. While this feeling is common, for most people, the risk of cancer returning goes down over time. Most cancers that do come back usually do so within the first 2 years after treatment. After 5 years, the chance is even lower. For some cancers, after 10 years, your doctor might finally say you're cured. If you are finding it difficult to cope with, reach out for help and look into support groups and mental health support sources. 

cancer-free woman after double mastectomy gets diagnosed with incurable cancer decades after her first cancer diagnosis

Can Wildfires Increase The Risk Of COVID-19 And Flu?

can wildfires increase the risk of covid-19 and flu?

New HIV Prevention Shot Approved — But Access Remains A Question

new hiv prevention shot approved — but access remains a question

In many ways <span>COVID</span>-19 has changed the way medicine and treatments work. During peak COVID wave, at-home test kits became a more accepted part of medical care for people, as stepping outside and visiting hospitals could also cause infection. As new strains of COVID keep mutating, many people have brought up concerns regarding the effectiveness of the at-home tests. 

The concern is regarding the fact that these at-home test kits are equipped to diagnose the new strains or are there certain strains that can go undetected. 

If you start feeling sick with symptoms like a cough, fever, or runny nose, you might worry if it's <span>COVID-19</span>. A simple way to check is by using an at-home COVID-19 test. You can easily find these tests at drugstores, supermarkets, and online stores. 

At-home COVID-19 tests are designed to find tiny parts of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19. These parts are called antigens. Rapid at-home antigen tests usually give you results in about 15 minutes. If your test is positive, it's very likely you have the virus. 

It's important to know that these tests can sometimes give a false negative, meaning you could test negative but still have the virus. However, because these tests are quick and rarely give a false positive, they can be very useful if used correctly.

<h2>Do They Work Against New COVID Variants? </h2>

At-home COVID tests should work against newer versions of the virus, “The antigen, that the at-home tests look for has remained fairly stable even as the virus mutates and new strains of COVID develop”. Harvard Health experts explain that the part of the virus these tests look for stays pretty much the same, even as the virus changes. Research generally shows that these antigen tests are good at finding different COVID-19 variants. 

In a comparative study published in the Microbiology Spectrum journals, researchers looked at 2 types of tests PCR test and rapid antigen tests (Ag-RDTs). They used FIA which is the flourescence immunoassay, a simple and rapid technique that is used to measure compounds like drugs, hormones and proteins and LFIA which is lateral flow immunoassay, that is also used to detect proteins, haptens (a type of molecules), nucleic acids etc. Both rapid tests were 100% accurate at finding the virus when there was a lot of virus in the sample. However, their ability to find the virus dropped to around 30% when there was only a small amount of virus present. 

This study confirms that rapid antigen tests (especially FIA and LFIA) work almost as well as RT-PCR tests for finding SARS-CoV-2. The FIA test was particularly good for people who had the virus but no symptoms. Both rapid tests agreed strongly with the gold standard RT-PCR results. 

Harvard Health experts advise using an at-home COVID test if you have respiratory symptoms like a cough, fever, or runny nose. She also suggests testing if you've been around someone with COVID-19, or if you're going to be near elderly people or those with weak immune systems who could get very sick from the virus. 

In general, these tests are most effective when you have symptoms. One study found that certain at-home tests caught almost 90% of COVID cases in people with symptoms, but only about half of cases in people who had the virus but no symptoms. 

If your test is positive, it means you have the virus. If it is negative, health authorities recommend taking another test 48 hours later to reduce the chance of a false negative. 

If you have respiratory symptoms, these combination tests are an easy way to find out if you have the flu, COVID-19, or both, without needing to visit a doctor's office. You can also help public health efforts by reporting your test result (whether it's positive or negative) online. 

In many ways COVID-19 has changed the way medicine and treatments work. During peak COVID wave, at-home test kits became a more accepted part of medical care for people, as stepping outside and visiting hospitals could also cause infection. As new strains of COVID keep mutating, many people have brought up concerns regarding the effectiveness of the at-home tests. The concern is regarding the fact that these at-home test kits are equipped to diagnose the new strains or are there certain strains that can go undetected. How At-Home COVID Tests Work? If you start feeling sick with symptoms like a cough, fever, or runny nose, you might worry if it's COVID-19. A simple way to check is by using an at-home COVID-19 test. You can easily find these tests at drugstores, supermarkets, and online stores. At-home COVID-19 tests are designed to find tiny parts of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19. These parts are called antigens. Rapid at-home antigen tests usually give you results in about 15 minutes. If your test is positive, it's very likely you have the virus. It's important to know that these tests can sometimes give a false negative, meaning you could test negative but still have the virus. However, because these tests are quick and rarely give a false positive, they can be very useful if used correctly. Do They Work Against New COVID Variants? At-home COVID tests should work against newer versions of the virus, “The antigen, that the at-home tests look for has remained fairly stable even as the virus mutates and new strains of COVID develop”. Harvard Health experts explain that the part of the virus these tests look for stays pretty much the same, even as the virus changes. Research generally shows that these antigen tests are good at finding different COVID-19 variants. In a comparative study published in the Microbiology Spectrum journals, researchers looked at 2 types of tests PCR test and rapid antigen tests (Ag-RDTs). They used FIA which is the flourescence immunoassay, a simple and rapid technique that is used to measure compounds like drugs, hormones and proteins and LFIA which is lateral flow immunoassay, that is also used to detect proteins, haptens (a type of molecules), nucleic acids etc. Both rapid tests were 100% accurate at finding the virus when there was a lot of virus in the sample. However, their ability to find the virus dropped to around 30% when there was only a small amount of virus present. This study confirms that rapid antigen tests (especially FIA and LFIA) work almost as well as RT-PCR tests for finding SARS-CoV-2. The FIA test was particularly good for people who had the virus but no symptoms. Both rapid tests agreed strongly with the gold standard RT-PCR results. When to Test for COVID? Harvard Health experts advise using an at-home COVID test if you have respiratory symptoms like a cough, fever, or runny nose. She also suggests testing if you've been around someone with COVID-19, or if you're going to be near elderly people or those with weak immune systems who could get very sick from the virus. In general, these tests are most effective when you have symptoms. One study found that certain at-home tests caught almost 90% of COVID cases in people with symptoms, but only about half of cases in people who had the virus but no symptoms. If your test is positive, it means you have the virus. If it is negative, health authorities recommend taking another test 48 hours later to reduce the chance of a false negative. If you have respiratory symptoms, these combination tests are an easy way to find out if you have the flu, COVID-19, or both, without needing to visit a doctor's office. You can also help public health efforts by reporting your test result (whether it's positive or negative) online. The best way to protect yourself from both COVID-19 and the flu is to get vaccinated for both. Vaccines lower your risk of getting sick and developing serious complications if you do catch the viruses. 