Health and Me

Ishita Roy

Bizarre Medical Case: Teen Without Vaginal Opening Becomes Pregnant, Stuns Doctors

There are many bizarre medical cases and medical mysteries, but this is something you may not have heard before. This is the story of a 15-year-old girl form Lesotho, a country within South Africa, who became pregnant without having any vaginal opening. 

<h4>How Did She Know About Her Pregnancy?</h4>

The girl was admitted in the hospital due to the complaints of abdominal pain. Tests revealed that she was nine month pregnant. What came as a shocker that she had no vaginal opening, thus never had sexual intercourse. This left doctors amused, wondering how she may have gotten pregnant? She had a rare birth defect called <span>distal vaginal atresia</span>.

<h4>What is Distal <span rel="noindex">Vaginal Atresia</span>?</h4>

This is condition where the vagina is closed or absent. This condition occurs with other developmental problems in a female baby. Most often the baby also has Bardet-Biedl syndrome, <span>Fraser Syndrome</span> or Rokitansky-Mayer-Küster -Hauser syndrome. 

Bardet-Biedl syndrome is a rare disorder affecting many parts of the body. Loss of vision, obesity, kidney problems and intellectual disorders are common characteristics of the syndrome. 

Fraser syndrome is a rare disorder affecting development starting before birth. Babies born with Fraser syndrome typically have eyes that are completely covered by skin and usually malformed, fingers and toes that are joined together, and abnormalities of the urinary tract. 

Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is a disorder in females causing the vagina and uterus to be underdeveloped or absent. It is often associated with kidney anomalies. This condition often accompanies a cloacal malformation, the surgical treatment which includes a variety of vaginal replacement techniques. 

People with distal vaginal atresia do have menstruation, but the blood does not exit, which forms blockage and buildup within the uterus. This condition is called <span>hematometra</span> or hematocolpos, which can cause pelvic pain and discomfort. 

This is a rare condition which affects 1 in 10,000 to 15,000 female children.

While her body does not have a vaginal opening, but she does have a uterus, which means she can get pregnant if semen is injected and fertilized through in-vitro fertilization. However, this was not the case with her. 

The girl later revealed that while she did notice her body change, she "did not believe she was pregnant." However, when she was told she was pregnant, she delivered her child though a C-section delivery. 

In later interviews, she revealed that she had suffered stab wounds to her abdomen shortly after she had performed oral sex on her partner. At that time she confided in a nurse that her ex-partner had violently attacked her, when he found her in act with the current partner. 

The medical team that attended her then concluded that it could be due to the stomach would which may have allowed the sperm she swallowed to reach her reproductive organs. This may have resulted into an unexpected conception. 

Another shocker is that sperm does not survive in the digestive acid that stomach produces. However, the doctors believe that the sperm may have survived as at that time the girl was malnourished and the acidity levels in her digestive system may be low.

Health Conditions A-Z

health

medical mystery

fraser syndrome

hematometra

health and wellness

bizarre medical case

vaginal atresia

distal vaginal atresia

rokitansky-mayer-kster -hauser syndrome

mayer-rokitansky-kster-hauser

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There are many bizarre medical cases and medical mysteries, but this is something you may not have heard before. This is the story of a 15-year-old girl form Lesotho, a country within South Africa, who became pregnant without having any vaginal opening. How Did She Know About Her Pregnancy?The girl was admitted in the hospital due to the complaints of abdominal pain. Tests revealed that she was nine month pregnant. What came as a shocker that she had no vaginal opening, thus never had sexual intercourse. This left doctors amused, wondering how she may have gotten pregnant? She had a rare birth defect called distal vaginal atresia.What is Distal Vaginal Atresia?This is condition where the vagina is closed or absent. This condition occurs with other developmental problems in a female baby. Most often the baby also has Bardet-Biedl syndrome, Fraser Syndrome or Rokitansky-Mayer-Küster -Hauser syndrome. Bardet-Biedl syndrome is a rare disorder affecting many parts of the body. Loss of vision, obesity, kidney problems and intellectual disorders are common characteristics of the syndrome. Fraser syndrome is a rare disorder affecting development starting before birth. Babies born with Fraser syndrome typically have eyes that are completely covered by skin and usually malformed, fingers and toes that are joined together, and abnormalities of the urinary tract. Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is a disorder in females causing the vagina and uterus to be underdeveloped or absent. It is often associated with kidney anomalies. This condition often accompanies a cloacal malformation, the surgical treatment which includes a variety of vaginal replacement techniques. People with distal vaginal atresia do have menstruation, but the blood does not exit, which forms blockage and buildup within the uterus. This condition is called hematometra or hematocolpos, which can cause pelvic pain and discomfort. This is a rare condition which affects 1 in 10,000 to 15,000 female children.How Did She Become Pregnant?While her body does not have a vaginal opening, but she does have a uterus, which means she can get pregnant if semen is injected and fertilized through in-vitro fertilization. However, this was not the case with her. The girl later revealed that while she did notice her body change, she "did not believe she was pregnant." However, when she was told she was pregnant, she delivered her child though a C-section delivery. In later interviews, she revealed that she had suffered stab wounds to her abdomen shortly after she had performed oral sex on her partner. At that time she confided in a nurse that her ex-partner had violently attacked her, when he found her in act with the current partner. The medical team that attended her then concluded that it could be due to the stomach would which may have allowed the sperm she swallowed to reach her reproductive organs. This may have resulted into an unexpected conception. Another shocker is that sperm does not survive in the digestive acid that stomach produces. However, the doctors believe that the sperm may have survived as at that time the girl was malnourished and the acidity levels in her digestive system may be low.

bizarre medical case: teen without vaginal opening becomes pregnant, stuns doctors

Riya Baibhawi

World No-Tobacco Day: Quitting Smoking Can Significantly Boost 'Good' Cholesterol And Heart Health

Quitting Smoking Can Significantly Boost 'Good' Cholesterol And Heart Health

Nutrition

From Natural Pain Relief To Cancer Prevention: Surprising Health Benefits Of Guava Fruit And Leaves

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Whole Milk Vs Low Fat Milk: Which One Is The Healthier Pick?

whole milk vs low fat milk: which one is the healthier pick

This Pantry Staple Can Slash Your Risk Of Heart Disease And Diabetes

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Can Eating Too Much Ginger, Cloves, Cinnamon Or Turmeric Interfere With Your Daily Medication?

can eating too much ginger, cloves, cinnamon or turmeric interfere with your daily medication?

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) <span>cholesterol</span>, often termed the "good" cholesterol, plays a crucial role in cardiovascular health by transporting cholesterol from the arteries to the liver for excretion or reuse. Elevated HDL levels are associated with a reduced risk of heart disease due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. While genetics influence HDL levels, lifestyle choices significantly impact them. 

One notable lifestyle change that positively affects HDL cholesterol is quitting <span>smoking</span>. Smoking has been shown to suppress HDL levels, thereby increasing the risk of heart disease. A 2018 study highlighted that pregnant women who smoked had significantly lower HDL levels compared to non-smokers. The American Lung Association emphasizes that quitting smoking can enhance HDL levels by facilitating the removal of cholesterol from the bloodstream. 

Beyond improving HDL cholesterol, smoking cessation offers a myriad of health benefits. Within 20 minutes of quitting, blood pressure and heart rate begin to decrease. In a few days, carbon monoxide levels in the blood normalize, and within 48 hours, nerve endings start to regenerate, enhancing the senses of taste and smell. Over the subsequent months and years, the risks of coronary heart disease, stroke, and various cancers diminish significantly. 

To further boost HDL levels, individuals can adopt additional lifestyle modifications: 

<ul><li>Incorporate Healthy Fats: Consuming extra virgin olive oil, rich in polyphenols, can increase HDL cholesterol.</li><li>Engage in Regular Exercise: Physical activities, including strength training and high-intensity interval training, have been shown to elevate HDL levels and enhance their functionality.</li><li>Adopt a Low-Carb Diet: Low-carbohydrate and ketogenic diets can raise HDL cholesterol, especially in individuals with obesity or insulin resistance. </li><li>Consume Fatty Fish: Fish like salmon, mackerel, and sardines are high in omega-3 fatty acids, which can improve HDL cholesterol levels.</li><li>Avoid Trans Fats: Eliminating artificial trans fats from the diet helps prevent the lowering of HDL cholesterol and reduces inflammation. </li><li>In conclusion, quitting smoking is a pivotal step toward enhancing HDL cholesterol levels and overall cardiovascular health. Coupled with other healthy lifestyle choices, individuals can significantly reduce their risk of heart disease and improve their quality of life.</li></ul><h2>What All Do We Know About Cholesterol?</h2>Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance found in every cell of the body. While it’s essential for building cells, producing hormones, and aiding digestion, too much cholesterol in the blood can pose health risks—particularly to the heart.

There are two main types of cholesterol: low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). LDL is often referred to as "bad" cholesterol because it carries cholesterol to the arteries. High levels of LDL can lead to plaque buildup in artery walls, increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke.

HDL, or "good" cholesterol, works in the opposite way. It transports cholesterol away from the arteries and back to the liver, where it is broken down or excreted. HDL also has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, helping to protect the cardiovascular system.

Maintaining a healthy balance between LDL and HDL is crucial. While high LDL levels are harmful, high HDL levels are beneficial and can lower the risk of heart problems. Lifestyle changes such as a balanced diet, regular exercise, and quitting smoking can help improve this balance and promote <span>heart health</span>. 

Qutting smoking

Smoking

Cholesterol

Heart Health

Good Cholesterol

World No-Tobacco Day

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, often termed the "good" cholesterol, plays a crucial role in cardiovascular health by transporting cholesterol from the arteries to the liver for excretion or reuse. Elevated HDL levels are associated with a reduced risk of heart disease due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. While genetics influence HDL levels, lifestyle choices significantly impact them. One notable lifestyle change that positively affects HDL cholesterol is quitting smoking. Smoking has been shown to suppress HDL levels, thereby increasing the risk of heart disease. A 2018 study highlighted that pregnant women who smoked had significantly lower HDL levels compared to non-smokers. The American Lung Association emphasizes that quitting smoking can enhance HDL levels by facilitating the removal of cholesterol from the bloodstream. Beyond improving HDL cholesterol, smoking cessation offers a myriad of health benefits. Within 20 minutes of quitting, blood pressure and heart rate begin to decrease. In a few days, carbon monoxide levels in the blood normalize, and within 48 hours, nerve endings start to regenerate, enhancing the senses of taste and smell. Over the subsequent months and years, the risks of coronary heart disease, stroke, and various cancers diminish significantly. To further boost HDL levels, individuals can adopt additional lifestyle modifications: Incorporate Healthy Fats: Consuming extra virgin olive oil, rich in polyphenols, can increase HDL cholesterol.Engage in Regular Exercise: Physical activities, including strength training and high-intensity interval training, have been shown to elevate HDL levels and enhance their functionality.Adopt a Low-Carb Diet: Low-carbohydrate and ketogenic diets can raise HDL cholesterol, especially in individuals with obesity or insulin resistance. Consume Fatty Fish: Fish like salmon, mackerel, and sardines are high in omega-3 fatty acids, which can improve HDL cholesterol levels.Avoid Trans Fats: Eliminating artificial trans fats from the diet helps prevent the lowering of HDL cholesterol and reduces inflammation. In conclusion, quitting smoking is a pivotal step toward enhancing HDL cholesterol levels and overall cardiovascular health. Coupled with other healthy lifestyle choices, individuals can significantly reduce their risk of heart disease and improve their quality of life.What All Do We Know About Cholesterol?Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance found in every cell of the body. While it’s essential for building cells, producing hormones, and aiding digestion, too much cholesterol in the blood can pose health risks—particularly to the heart.There are two main types of cholesterol: low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). LDL is often referred to as "bad" cholesterol because it carries cholesterol to the arteries. High levels of LDL can lead to plaque buildup in artery walls, increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke.HDL, or "good" cholesterol, works in the opposite way. It transports cholesterol away from the arteries and back to the liver, where it is broken down or excreted. HDL also has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, helping to protect the cardiovascular system.Maintaining a healthy balance between LDL and HDL is crucial. While high LDL levels are harmful, high HDL levels are beneficial and can lower the risk of heart problems. Lifestyle changes such as a balanced diet, regular exercise, and quitting smoking can help improve this balance and promote heart health. 

quitting smoking can significantly boost 'good' cholesterol and heart health

Tanya Dutt

Pregnant Amid The JN.1 Covid Surge? What Expecting Moms Must Know, According to Experts

Health News

Covid Cases Surge Again In India, But This Time It’s Your Stomach And Throat That Suffer First; New Symptoms To Note

covid cases surge again in india, but this time it’s your stomach and throat that suffer first; new symptoms to note

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11-Year-Old Dies From H5N1 Bird Flu In Cambodia, Country Records 100% Fatality Rate In All Human Bird Flu Cases

11-year-old dies from h5n1 bird flu in cambodia, country records 100% fatality rate in all human bird flu cases

As the world struggles with yet another spike in COVID-19 cases—this time fueled by the rapidly spreading JN.1 Omicron subvariant—pregnant women are left with new questions and fears. While JN.1, to date, has had an overwhelmingly mild sickness in the general population, pregnancy profoundly changes immune mechanisms that can amplify even low-grade infection.

Since its initial detection, the JN.1 variant has been listed by the World Health Organization as a Variant of Interest, upgraded later to Variant of Concern, a classification that is reserved for strains that are found to have higher transmissibility or immune-evading capability. In India alone, recent figures cite 257 active JN.1 cases, while simultaneous upticks are registered worldwide. Together with its close cousins LF.7 and NB.1.8, JN.1's increased transmissibility has elicited fresh public-health debates, policy reappraisals, and reinforcement of essential prevention measures.

"As a doctor and infectious disease expert, I think it's important to keep fear out of it and stick to facts," says Dr. Charu Dutt Arora. "We do know that JN.1 transmits faster, but present evidence indicates comparable clinical severity to previous Omicron subvariants—particularly in vaccinated groups."

<h2>Why Covid Surge Affects Pregnancy?</h2>

Pregnancy provokes intricate immunological adaptations, cooling specific immune defenses to accept the fetus. Although generally protective, this adaptation renders pregnant women more susceptible to respiratory viruses. Even mild fever or transient episode of low oxygen levels—symptoms readily dismissed by many—can during pregnancy raise the risk for preterm labor, intrauterine growth restriction, or increased maternal stress that can complicate the delivery.

"Pregnancy will naturally alter the immune system, placing pregnant women at heightened risk of respiratory illness," says Dr. Arora. "While JN.1 seems to produce less severe illness in the majority, pregnant women should be cautious: a mild cold in non-pregnant adults can have disproportionate impacts on maternal and fetal health."

Reassuringly, COVID-19 vaccines and booster shots maintain strong protection against severe illness—even in the presence of new subvariants. Several global large-scale studies demonstrate that pregnant individuals who receive their initial series and get boosters in the second or third trimester have much lower ICU admission, ventilator use, and adverse birth result rates.

Both the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) highly recommend vaccination at any time during pregnancy. Increasing evidence also indicates that maternal antibodies are passed on to the baby, providing newborns with some measure of early protection.

Vaccination, though essential, is only one of the planks of an overall risk-reduction strategy. Experts recommend a "Swiss cheese" method—several overlapping defenses to cover holes:

Masking in Public: Use a close-fitting surgical or N95/KF94 mask, particularly in crowded, poorly ventilated areas.

Hand Hygiene: Regular handwashing with soap or alcohol-based rubs lowers the likelihood of acquiring the virus from surfaces.

Ventilation: Leave windows open when it is safe to do so and use portable HEPA filters in heavily trafficked rooms.

Early Symptom Monitoring: Get tested and seek medical care immediately if you develop fever, new cough, shortness of breath, or other respiratory symptoms.

"Avoid poorly ventilated public areas, keep wearing masks in groups, practice hand hygiene, and watch for early symptoms," advises Dr. Arora. "An unexplained fever or a persistent cough during pregnancy should never be dismissed."

<h2>Why its Important to Nurture Mental Well-Being of Expecting Moms?</h2>

The psychological impact of pregnancy during a pandemic cannot be overstated. Uncertainty regarding new variants, changing guidelines, and worry about the unborn baby can cause anxiety, insomnia, and mood swings. Dr. Arora underscores that mental health is as important as physical health:

"Just as vital is mental health. Uncertainty over new variants can raise anxiety and mood swings. Support from families, obstetricians, and mental health providers is the key to a safe and tranquil pregnancy experience."

Interventions like guided meditation, gentle prenatal yoga, and online support groups can offer coping skills as well as social connection when physical contact is restricted.

To build resistance against disease, Dr. Kushal Agrawal emphasizes the building blocks of prenatal care:

"Eat healthy daily—green leafy vegetables, fruits, pulses, dairy or plant proteins. Drink plenty of water and stick to your prescribed iron, calcium, and folic acid supplements. Light exercise, such as short walks, improves circulation and can relieve stress."

Rest and sleep hygiene are also crucial. Dr. Agrawal tells pregnant women to tune into their bodies:

“If you feel low or anxious, talk to your partner or a trusted friend. Emotional support is very important during pregnancy.”

<h2>Maintaining Essential Routine Visits</h2>

Routine prenatal appointments, ultrasounds, and recommended immunizations (such as the flu and Tdap vaccines) form the backbone of safe pregnancy management. Telehealth consultations can supplement in-person care when infection risk is high, but crucial milestones—like anatomy scans and glucose screenings—should not be deferred.

As the U.S. continues to strengthen mask policy and booster drives for vulnerable populations, other nations are reassessing travel recommendations and in-workplace protection for pregnant workers. India's recent JN.1 wave has seen state government health officials issue specific advice for pregnant women visiting antenatal clinics, including special "mask-only" visiting hours and rapid-test entry screening.

Global organizations such as WHO and FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) promote cross-border data exchange regarding variant trends and pregnancy outcomes to optimize recommendations in real time.

The appearance of JN.1 is not a cry for panic but an invitation to remain vigilant. Knowledge, vaccination, layered prevention, and emotional support create a strong shield—protecting not only maternal health but also the future generation.

"JN.1 variant is not a cause for alarm—but a call to remain educated and ready," finishes Dr. Arora. "By safeguarding maternal health, we safeguard the future. Let us proceed to this new chapter with science, empathy, and solidarity."

<em>Dr. Charu Dutt Arora, Infectious Disease Specialist and Head of AmeriHealth Home Care at Asian Hospital</em>

Dr. Kushal Agrawal, Head of Neonatology and Pediatrics at KVR Hospital.

jn.1 covid variant

pregnancy during covid

omicron subvariant jn.1

covid-19 vaccine pregnancy

maternal health covid

pregnant women precautions

jn.1 symptoms

As the world struggles with yet another spike in COVID-19 cases—this time fueled by the rapidly spreading JN.1 Omicron subvariant—pregnant women are left with new questions and fears. While JN.1, to date, has had an overwhelmingly mild sickness in the general population, pregnancy profoundly changes immune mechanisms that can amplify even low-grade infection.Since its initial detection, the JN.1 variant has been listed by the World Health Organization as a Variant of Interest, upgraded later to Variant of Concern, a classification that is reserved for strains that are found to have higher transmissibility or immune-evading capability. In India alone, recent figures cite 257 active JN.1 cases, while simultaneous upticks are registered worldwide. Together with its close cousins LF.7 and NB.1.8, JN.1's increased transmissibility has elicited fresh public-health debates, policy reappraisals, and reinforcement of essential prevention measures."As a doctor and infectious disease expert, I think it's important to keep fear out of it and stick to facts," says Dr. Charu Dutt Arora. "We do know that JN.1 transmits faster, but present evidence indicates comparable clinical severity to previous Omicron subvariants—particularly in vaccinated groups."Why Covid Surge Affects Pregnancy?Pregnancy provokes intricate immunological adaptations, cooling specific immune defenses to accept the fetus. Although generally protective, this adaptation renders pregnant women more susceptible to respiratory viruses. Even mild fever or transient episode of low oxygen levels—symptoms readily dismissed by many—can during pregnancy raise the risk for preterm labor, intrauterine growth restriction, or increased maternal stress that can complicate the delivery."Pregnancy will naturally alter the immune system, placing pregnant women at heightened risk of respiratory illness," says Dr. Arora. "While JN.1 seems to produce less severe illness in the majority, pregnant women should be cautious: a mild cold in non-pregnant adults can have disproportionate impacts on maternal and fetal health."VaccinationReassuringly, COVID-19 vaccines and booster shots maintain strong protection against severe illness—even in the presence of new subvariants. Several global large-scale studies demonstrate that pregnant individuals who receive their initial series and get boosters in the second or third trimester have much lower ICU admission, ventilator use, and adverse birth result rates.Both the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) highly recommend vaccination at any time during pregnancy. Increasing evidence also indicates that maternal antibodies are passed on to the baby, providing newborns with some measure of early protection.Layered PrecautionsVaccination, though essential, is only one of the planks of an overall risk-reduction strategy. Experts recommend a "Swiss cheese" method—several overlapping defenses to cover holes:Masking in Public: Use a close-fitting surgical or N95/KF94 mask, particularly in crowded, poorly ventilated areas.Hand Hygiene: Regular handwashing with soap or alcohol-based rubs lowers the likelihood of acquiring the virus from surfaces.Ventilation: Leave windows open when it is safe to do so and use portable HEPA filters in heavily trafficked rooms.Early Symptom Monitoring: Get tested and seek medical care immediately if you develop fever, new cough, shortness of breath, or other respiratory symptoms."Avoid poorly ventilated public areas, keep wearing masks in groups, practice hand hygiene, and watch for early symptoms," advises Dr. Arora. "An unexplained fever or a persistent cough during pregnancy should never be dismissed."Why its Important to Nurture Mental Well-Being of Expecting Moms?The psychological impact of pregnancy during a pandemic cannot be overstated. Uncertainty regarding new variants, changing guidelines, and worry about the unborn baby can cause anxiety, insomnia, and mood swings. Dr. Arora underscores that mental health is as important as physical health:"Just as vital is mental health. Uncertainty over new variants can raise anxiety and mood swings. Support from families, obstetricians, and mental health providers is the key to a safe and tranquil pregnancy experience."Interventions like guided meditation, gentle prenatal yoga, and online support groups can offer coping skills as well as social connection when physical contact is restricted.Expert Tips for Expecting MomsTo build resistance against disease, Dr. Kushal Agrawal emphasizes the building blocks of prenatal care:"Eat healthy daily—green leafy vegetables, fruits, pulses, dairy or plant proteins. Drink plenty of water and stick to your prescribed iron, calcium, and folic acid supplements. Light exercise, such as short walks, improves circulation and can relieve stress."Rest and sleep hygiene are also crucial. Dr. Agrawal tells pregnant women to tune into their bodies:“If you feel low or anxious, talk to your partner or a trusted friend. Emotional support is very important during pregnancy.”Maintaining Essential Routine VisitsRoutine prenatal appointments, ultrasounds, and recommended immunizations (such as the flu and Tdap vaccines) form the backbone of safe pregnancy management. Telehealth consultations can supplement in-person care when infection risk is high, but crucial milestones—like anatomy scans and glucose screenings—should not be deferred.As the U.S. continues to strengthen mask policy and booster drives for vulnerable populations, other nations are reassessing travel recommendations and in-workplace protection for pregnant workers. India's recent JN.1 wave has seen state government health officials issue specific advice for pregnant women visiting antenatal clinics, including special "mask-only" visiting hours and rapid-test entry screening.Global organizations such as WHO and FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) promote cross-border data exchange regarding variant trends and pregnancy outcomes to optimize recommendations in real time.The appearance of JN.1 is not a cry for panic but an invitation to remain vigilant. Knowledge, vaccination, layered prevention, and emotional support create a strong shield—protecting not only maternal health but also the future generation."JN.1 variant is not a cause for alarm—but a call to remain educated and ready," finishes Dr. Arora. "By safeguarding maternal health, we safeguard the future. Let us proceed to this new chapter with science, empathy, and solidarity."Dr. Charu Dutt Arora, Infectious Disease Specialist and Head of AmeriHealth Home Care at Asian HospitalDr. Kushal Agrawal, Head of Neonatology and Pediatrics at KVR Hospital.

pregnant amid the jn.1 covid surge? what expecting moms must know, according to experts

Man Dies After Tick Bite ‘Blew Up’ His Brain: What Kind Of Ticks Carry The Deadly Powassan Virus?

Which COVID-19 Variants Are Going Around The World In 2025?

which covid-19 variants are going around the world in 2025?

With summer season on, tick season begins—ushering in a new wave of concern for emerging infectious diseases. Among them is the <span>Powassan virus</span> (POWV), a rare but deadly tick-borne illness that recently claimed the life of 62-year-old Kevin Boyce from Massachusetts, sending shockwaves through the medical community and his grieving family. His story is not just tragic—it's a critical warning for the public as tick-borne illnesses quietly surge across the country.

In April 2024, Kevin Boyce experienced what he initially believed to be flu-like symptoms—headaches, vomiting, and body fatigue. Within days, those symptoms escalated dramatically. He collapsed in his home and was rushed to Massachusetts General Hospital, where doctors diagnosed him with Powassan virus, a rare virus transmitted by tick bites. Despite aggressive treatment, Kevin succumbed to the virus after his brain experienced severe swelling—an extreme complication known as encephalitis, or inflammation of the brain.

His family describes the ordeal as watching “his brain blow up,” underlining the silent danger of a virus that many Americans have never heard of.

The Powassan virus is named after the town of Powassan, Ontario, where it was first identified in 1958. Though rare, it is part of a group of viruses known as flaviviruses—the same family that includes Zika, dengue, and West Nile virus.

The virus is transmitted by the Ixodes scapularis, commonly known as the black-legged or deer tick, which is also responsible for the spread of Lyme disease. However, unlike Lyme, which typically requires more than 24 hours of tick attachment to transmit, Powassan virus can be transmitted in as little as 15 minutes, according to the Massachusetts Department of Health.

<h2>Symptoms of Powassan Virus carried in Ticks</h2>

Symptoms of Powassan virus typically appear between 7 to 30 days after a tick bite. These symptoms may include:

<ul><li>Fever</li><li>Headache</li><li>Vomiting</li><li>Weakness</li><li>Confusion</li><li>Loss of coordination</li><li>Seizures</li><li>Difficulty speaking</li></ul>

In severe cases, the virus causes encephalitis (brain inflammation) or myelitis (spinal cord inflammation), which can lead to permanent neurological damage. According to Yale Medicine, about 10% of these severe cases are fatal, and approximately 50% of survivors suffer from long-term neurological complications.

<h2>What Kind Of Ticks Carry The Powassan Virus?</h2>

The Powassan virus is primarily carried by two types of ticks in the United States:

Ixodes scapularis – commonly known as the black-legged tick or deer tick, found predominantly in the Northeast and upper Midwest.

Ixodes cookei – also known as the groundhog tick, which is more often found in wooded or rural areas, especially near wildlife like woodchucks and skunks.

Of these, the deer tick (Ixodes scapularis) poses the greater public health risk, as it also transmits Lyme disease, and it's more likely to bite humans. Powassan virus can be transmitted in as little as 15 minutes after the tick attaches—much faster than other tick-borne infections like Lyme.

Because of their size (as small as a poppy seed in the nymph stage) and tendency to attach in hard-to-notice areas, these ticks often go undetected, making early prevention and tick checks critical after spending time outdoors.

<h2>Is Prevention Is the Only Protection?</h2>

Perhaps the most concerning aspect of Powassan virus is the absence of any vaccine or antiviral treatment. Unlike Lyme disease, which can be treated with antibiotics, Powassan has no direct medical countermeasures. The only approach is preventative care—which makes awareness critical.

To avoid tick bites, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) recommend the following:

<ul><li>Wear long sleeves and pants when outdoors, preferably light-colored clothing to easily spot ticks</li><li>Tuck pants into socks or use tape to seal clothing gaps</li><li>Use insect repellents containing DEET, permethrin, or picaridin</li><li>Stick to the center of hiking trails to avoid brushing against tick-laden bushes</li><li>Check for ticks on your body, clothes, pets, and gear immediately after being outdoors</li><li>Shower and wash clothes in hot water soon after returning inside</li></ul>

If a tick is found, remove it with fine-tipped tweezers as soon as possible

Recent findings from the University of Massachusetts Amherst’s New England Center of Excellence in Vector-Borne Diseases (NEWVEC) reveal a startling truth: while Powassan virus remains rare in reported cases, it may be significantly underdiagnosed.

A study published in Clinical Microbiology and Infection, led by microbiologist Stephen Rich, highlights that many people bitten by Powassan-positive ticks don’t develop symptoms or seek healthcare. In their passive surveillance study, none of the 38 people bitten by infected ticks reported subsequent illness, suggesting that mild or asymptomatic cases are flying under the radar.

The same research revealed that black-legged ticks bite over 1.36 million people annually in the U.S., based on data from the TickReport testing service in Massachusetts. While Lyme disease has a known high transmission rate, the estimated exposure to Powassan virus ranges from 3,000 to 5,000 people annually, many of whom may never realize they were infected.

Despite being rare historically, Powassan virus is on the rise in the United States, particularly in the Northeast and Midwest. In 2024 alone, 54 cases were reported nationwide, with 12 cases in Massachusetts. Over the last decade, human cases have increased fourfold, signaling that the threat is becoming more prevalent.

According to the CDC, since 2004, the U.S. has recorded 311 hospitalizations and 44 deaths due to Powassan virus, a number that experts warn may be just the tip of the iceberg.

<ul><li>Climate change, which extends the tick season and habitat</li><li>Growing deer populations, which host these ticks</li><li>Human encroachment into wooded areas, increasing tick exposure</li></ul>

Even more concerning, ticks that test positive for Powassan virus are often co-infected with other dangerous pathogens, including:

<ul><li>Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease)</li><li>Babesia microti (Babesiosis)</li><li>Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Anaplasmosis)</li><li>Borrelia miyamotoi</li></ul>

This means a single tick bite could expose a person to multiple serious illnesses, compounding the risk and complicating diagnosis.

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With summer season on, tick season begins—ushering in a new wave of concern for emerging infectious diseases. Among them is the Powassan virus (POWV), a rare but deadly tick-borne illness that recently claimed the life of 62-year-old Kevin Boyce from Massachusetts, sending shockwaves through the medical community and his grieving family. His story is not just tragic—it's a critical warning for the public as tick-borne illnesses quietly surge across the country.In April 2024, Kevin Boyce experienced what he initially believed to be flu-like symptoms—headaches, vomiting, and body fatigue. Within days, those symptoms escalated dramatically. He collapsed in his home and was rushed to Massachusetts General Hospital, where doctors diagnosed him with Powassan virus, a rare virus transmitted by tick bites. Despite aggressive treatment, Kevin succumbed to the virus after his brain experienced severe swelling—an extreme complication known as encephalitis, or inflammation of the brain.His family describes the ordeal as watching “his brain blow up,” underlining the silent danger of a virus that many Americans have never heard of.What Is Powassan Virus?The Powassan virus is named after the town of Powassan, Ontario, where it was first identified in 1958. Though rare, it is part of a group of viruses known as flaviviruses—the same family that includes Zika, dengue, and West Nile virus.The virus is transmitted by the Ixodes scapularis, commonly known as the black-legged or deer tick, which is also responsible for the spread of Lyme disease. However, unlike Lyme, which typically requires more than 24 hours of tick attachment to transmit, Powassan virus can be transmitted in as little as 15 minutes, according to the Massachusetts Department of Health.Symptoms of Powassan Virus carried in TicksSymptoms of Powassan virus typically appear between 7 to 30 days after a tick bite. These symptoms may include:FeverHeadacheVomitingWeaknessConfusionLoss of coordinationSeizuresDifficulty speakingIn severe cases, the virus causes encephalitis (brain inflammation) or myelitis (spinal cord inflammation), which can lead to permanent neurological damage. According to Yale Medicine, about 10% of these severe cases are fatal, and approximately 50% of survivors suffer from long-term neurological complications.What Kind Of Ticks Carry The Powassan Virus?The Powassan virus is primarily carried by two types of ticks in the United States:Ixodes scapularis – commonly known as the black-legged tick or deer tick, found predominantly in the Northeast and upper Midwest.Ixodes cookei – also known as the groundhog tick, which is more often found in wooded or rural areas, especially near wildlife like woodchucks and skunks.Of these, the deer tick (Ixodes scapularis) poses the greater public health risk, as it also transmits Lyme disease, and it's more likely to bite humans. Powassan virus can be transmitted in as little as 15 minutes after the tick attaches—much faster than other tick-borne infections like Lyme.Because of their size (as small as a poppy seed in the nymph stage) and tendency to attach in hard-to-notice areas, these ticks often go undetected, making early prevention and tick checks critical after spending time outdoors.Is Prevention Is the Only Protection?Perhaps the most concerning aspect of Powassan virus is the absence of any vaccine or antiviral treatment. Unlike Lyme disease, which can be treated with antibiotics, Powassan has no direct medical countermeasures. The only approach is preventative care—which makes awareness critical.To avoid tick bites, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) recommend the following:Wear long sleeves and pants when outdoors, preferably light-colored clothing to easily spot ticksTuck pants into socks or use tape to seal clothing gapsUse insect repellents containing DEET, permethrin, or picaridinStick to the center of hiking trails to avoid brushing against tick-laden bushesCheck for ticks on your body, clothes, pets, and gear immediately after being outdoorsShower and wash clothes in hot water soon after returning insideIf a tick is found, remove it with fine-tipped tweezers as soon as possibleRecent findings from the University of Massachusetts Amherst’s New England Center of Excellence in Vector-Borne Diseases (NEWVEC) reveal a startling truth: while Powassan virus remains rare in reported cases, it may be significantly underdiagnosed.A study published in Clinical Microbiology and Infection, led by microbiologist Stephen Rich, highlights that many people bitten by Powassan-positive ticks don’t develop symptoms or seek healthcare. In their passive surveillance study, none of the 38 people bitten by infected ticks reported subsequent illness, suggesting that mild or asymptomatic cases are flying under the radar.The same research revealed that black-legged ticks bite over 1.36 million people annually in the U.S., based on data from the TickReport testing service in Massachusetts. While Lyme disease has a known high transmission rate, the estimated exposure to Powassan virus ranges from 3,000 to 5,000 people annually, many of whom may never realize they were infected.Why Powassan Cases Are Rising?Despite being rare historically, Powassan virus is on the rise in the United States, particularly in the Northeast and Midwest. In 2024 alone, 54 cases were reported nationwide, with 12 cases in Massachusetts. Over the last decade, human cases have increased fourfold, signaling that the threat is becoming more prevalent.According to the CDC, since 2004, the U.S. has recorded 311 hospitalizations and 44 deaths due to Powassan virus, a number that experts warn may be just the tip of the iceberg.The rise in infections may be fueled by:Climate change, which extends the tick season and habitatGrowing deer populations, which host these ticksHuman encroachment into wooded areas, increasing tick exposureCo-Infections and ComplexityEven more concerning, ticks that test positive for Powassan virus are often co-infected with other dangerous pathogens, including:Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease)Babesia microti (Babesiosis)Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Anaplasmosis)Borrelia miyamotoiThis means a single tick bite could expose a person to multiple serious illnesses, compounding the risk and complicating diagnosis.

man dies after tick bite ‘blew up’ his brain: what kind of ticks carry the deadly powassan virus?

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