As we observe Breast Cancer Awareness Month in October, the focus is often on women. However, it is crucial to note that male breast cancer—while accounting for only about 1% of all cases— can be more aggressive. But what is male breast cancer? This form of cancer implies the formation of maligned (cancer) cells in men's breasts. Notably, this is more diagnosed than female breast cancers due to the former gender being more conscious about their health. Breast Cancer Is Often Viewed As A Female DiseaseBreast cancer in men is very rare as compared to women. According to the American Cancer Society, about 1 in 833 men will be diagnosed with breast cancer in their lifetime. This is because males have less breast tissue and there is also a hormonal difference between both genders. Dr Sunny Jain, Senior Consultant-Medical Oncology at Accord Superspeciality Hospital, Faridabad, opined that in most societies, men prioritise their health more than women and therefore, their diagnosis rate is higher. However, in many cultures including India, breast cancer is often viewed as a female disease, which can lead to stigma or reluctance among men to seek medical attention for symptoms. As a result, men may delay reporting symptoms or seeking a diagnosis, leading to late-stage presentations when diagnosed. Thus, despite any general trends in health prioritization, the unique societal attitudes toward breast cancer may result in underreporting and delayed treatment for men. Can the removal of breast tissues cure cancer in men?The screening and diagnosis process for male breast cancer is akin to that of women and involves techniques like ultrasound. Self-diagnosis is important. All men should be vigilant and if see symptoms like breast lumps, any discharge from the nipple, and changes in breast size, they should immediately seek medical attention. Treatment of breast cancer in men includes breast surgery or radical mastectomy, which is a surgical procedure involving the removal of the breast, lymph nodes, and chest muscles. It is important to note that breast cancer in men is more severe and aggressive due to the lack of fat in their breasts. "Males have very very little adipose tissue in their breasts, therefore, the cancer can spread to the chest wall and muscles rapidly," Dr Jain said. Testosterone Levels Are Not Linked To Breast CancerWhile testosterone itself is not directly linked to male breast cancer, some studies suggest that hormonal imbalances, particularly with elevated estrogen levels (which can occur in conjunction with high testosterone), may increase the risk. "Men with conditions like Klinefelter syndrome or those undergoing hormone therapy may have altered estrogen levels, which could potentially elevate their risk of developing breast cancer. Further research is needed to clarify the role of testosterone in male breast cancer risk," said Dr Vinitha Reddy, Radiation Oncologist at American Oncology Institute (AOI) Hyderabad. Dr Jain furthered this saying that a decreased level of testosterone and a high level of estrogen predisposes men to breast cancer.