As extreme temperatures rise globally, a silent danger is building—and it could be accelerating how rapidly we get older. Beyond the evident destruction of heat exhaustion, dehydration, and stress brought on by the climate, science is beginning to discover deeper, less evident harm: heat waves could be speeding up cellular aging.

With historic highs in global temperatures and rising frequency of heatwaves, particularly in the U.S. and Asia, scientists are calling for consideration at the nexus of environmental heat and epigenetic ageing.

What is Epigenetic Age?

Chronological age is the age on your driver's license, but epigenetic age is the age written far down in your cells. This scientific term tracks how old your body is biologically, based on chemical alterations in your DNA. These alterations, referred to as DNA methylation, function like switches that flip genes on and off. As we get older, these patterns change—and scientists use them to approximate biological age with instruments referred to as "epigenetic clocks."

Your epigenetic age doesn’t always match your chronological one. Influences like pollution, stress, poor lifestyle habits, and now—heat exposure—can accelerate epigenetic aging. This internal ticking clock impacts everything from how quickly your skin ages to your ability to fight disease, recover from illness, or manage inflammation.

Is Your DNA A New Risk Factor?

In 2023, a new German study published in Environment International found a strong association between heat exposure and epigenetic age acceleration. Scientists discovered that in areas where average annual temperatures were only 1°C higher, individuals exhibited evidence of accelerated biological aging.

Wenli Ni, a Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health postdoctoral research fellow and first author of the study, explained that heat stress affects DNA methylation patterns. These alterations can compromise gene function, accelerate aging, and cause a cascade of biological damage—particularly if the exposure is chronic.

Additionally, Taiwan studies that had more than 2,000 participants upheld the association. The increase in biological age was attributed to a rise of 1°C from the average of 180 days by 0.04 to 0.08 years. At first, it might appear negligible in the short term, but when consistent throughout years and population, it aids in premature occurrence of diseases that are related to age and makes healthcare burdens worse on a worldwide scale.

Why The Heat in 2024 Was a Tipping Point?

2024 was the hottest year ever, with almost 6.8 billion individuals facing record-breaking heat for a minimum of a month. Health professionals in areas such as India observed an influx of patients who looked physically older than their age, which sent alarm signals regarding the influence of climate on the health and lifespan of human beings.

One such U.S.-based study, published in Science Advances, looked at more than 3,500 adults older than age 56 and discovered a robust association between prolonged heat exposure (1–6 years) and cellular aging. Chronic heat not only disturbed sleep and increased levels of stress, but also played a role in biological deterioration that grew more severe with time.

The German study also emphasized that women, and especially those with Type 2 diabetes or obesity, showed stronger links between heat and increased aging. Women produce less sweat and their bodies generally take longer to trigger cooling, placing them at a physiological disadvantage during heatwaves.

Diabetics and the obese also have difficulty with heat dissipation because of decreased blood flow and insulating body fat, which complicates the release of heat from the core to the skin. These conditions further enhance the biological effect of heat, raising the risk of cardiovascular issues, kidney injury, and premature chronic diseases.

Epigenetic Impact Before Birth

Unsettlingly, even the effect of heat and climatic stress may start pre-natally. A recent research study, conducted on Kenya-based drought-stricken mothers who published their paper in Nature, suggested that intra-uterine exposure to harsh external environmental conditions contributed to hastened aging of their children.

Stress during pregnancy, water deprivation, caloric deficit, and psychogenic stress induced epigenetic changes in fetuses under development—showing that ageing might be modifiable by external surroundings even before one's life is started. All this indicates towards a dire requirement of addressing determinants of well-being, including access to nutrition, water, and gender balance, especially among climate-risk districts.

Ways to Protect Against Heat-Related Ageing

While reversing climate change will take systemic global action, individuals can take key steps to protect themselves from heat-induced aging:

1. Stay Hydrated

Dehydration is one of the most immediate risks of extreme heat. Drink water frequently—don’t wait until you’re thirsty. Carry water when heading outdoors and avoid alcohol and caffeine in hot weather.

2. Keep Cool

Use air conditioning when possible. If it’s not available, electric fans can offer relief when the indoor temperature is below 104°F (40°C). Keep your skin damp with a wet towel, mist bottle, or sponge baths. Visit air-conditioned public spaces like malls or libraries.

3. Dress Smart

Wear light-colored, breathable clothing. Avoid tight fabrics. Use wide-brimmed hats and sunscreen to protect your skin from direct sun exposure.

4. Plan Smartly

Avoid hard work between 11 a.m. and 4 p.m., the usual peak heat period. Schedule chores in the morning or evening when it's cooler.

5. Check In With At-Risk People

The most susceptible are older people, young children, pregnant women, and those with serious illness. Make sure they avoid heat and drink plenty of water when a heatwave hits.

The connection between climate and aging is no longer conjecture—it's quantifiable and based on several worldwide studies. As heat waves and frigid days become the norm, public health infrastructure needs to change by not only addressing heat as a weather phenomenon, but as a constant health threat.

Long-term solutions will require more than individual behavior. Governments and health institutions will have to prioritize heat preparedness plans, enhance urban infrastructure, and establish cooling centers. Policies specifically targeting enhancement of food security, safeguarding pregnant women, and mitigating occupational exposure to heat—particularly among women in labor-intensive occupations will be crucial.

In conclusion, if we don't take action to stem the increasing menace of heat extremes, we are likely to wind the clock forward—not only on climate, but on the human life expectancy as well. To age more quickly as a result of exposure to the environment is a brewing public health emergency and the world needs to wake up to it.

Most of us imagine a heart attack as someone clutching their chest and collapsing. In reality, the symptoms can be far stranger and more subtle, and many people don’t recognize them until it’s almost too late.

Heart Attacks Don’t Always Look the Same

Heart attacks occur when blood flow to the heart stops or slows, often because a plaque rupture causes a clot that blocks a coronary artery, cardiologists explain. While the classic symptom is a tight, squeezing or aching chest pain, the experience isn’t always that straightforward.

William Brady, professor of emergency and cardiovascular medicine at the University of Virginia School of Medicine, tells the Washington Post that the “vast majority of people” with heart attacks will feel that familiar chest pain. But others feel symptoms that don’t fit the Hollywood version at all, which can be dangerous, because it causes people to delay treatment.

Women Are More Likely to Dismiss the Signs

Experts say women are particularly at risk of ignoring symptoms or having them dismissed by others. Stacey Rosen, volunteer president of the American Heart Association and executive director at Northwell’s Katz Institute for Women’s Health, told the Post that women often report symptoms differently. They may feel pain along with back aches, nausea or dizziness, and instead of calling it chest pain, they might describe it as “pressure,” “discomfort” or just “feeling off.”

“Delay can lead to irreversible heart damage,” Rosen warned. “So, really, listen to your body.”

The 5 Warning Signs Cardiologists Want You to Know

Cardiologists shared five surprising signs that could mean you are having a heart attack, even if you don’t have dramatic chest pain.

Also Read: The Bizarre Foot Test That Could Point Towards A Heart Failure

1. Jaw Pain

James de Lemos, chair of cardiology at UT Southwestern Medical Center, told the Post, the aching pain from a heart attack can radiate to other parts of the body, sometimes just the forearm or jaw. The symptoms can be subtle and much less dramatic than TV shows portray.

Rosen shared that she once saw a patient who kept visiting dentists for persistent jaw pain — until one dentist suggested it could be heart-related. “And, in fact, it was,” Rosen said. Acting quickly probably prevented a full-blown heart attack.

2. Nausea and Vomiting

Indigestion, reflux, or even vomiting can sometimes signal a heart attack, particularly when the lower portion of the heart is involved, de Lemos said. If your “stomach issue” doesn’t improve with antacids, experts recommend seeking medical care, especially if you have risk factors for heart disease.

3. A Sense of Impending Doom

Several cardiologists said patients sometimes describe a sudden and overwhelming feeling that something is very wrong, even that they might die. “It can be just this awareness, just a sense that something doesn’t feel right,” said Clyde Yancy, chief of cardiology at the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, as reported in the Post. That feeling alone, especially if paired with physical symptoms, is enough reason to get evaluated.

4. Sweaty, Cold and Clammy Skin

A blockage in a coronary artery puts extreme stress on the body, activating the sympathetic nervous system, Rosen said. That can leave someone suddenly sweaty, clammy and pale, even if they aren’t doing anything strenuous. Brady added that if you feel chest tightness, shortness of breath, and sweating while doing something as routine as carrying groceries, it’s time to get help.

5. Fatigue

Seth Martin, a cardiologist at Johns Hopkins Medicine, explained that heart attacks limit the oxygen supply to the heart and the body, leaving people feeling unusually tired, foggy or short of breath. Anna Bortnick, an interventional cardiologist at Montefiore Einstein Medical Center, noted that many people delay going to the hospital because they blame it on stress or aging.

Sometimes, these symptoms come in waves for days before a major event. “It’s really a dynamic process for many,” Rosen said.

You can’t replace heart muscle once it’s damaged, which is why early treatment is critical. Cardiologists recommend focusing on prevention: keep blood pressure and cholesterol under control, exercise at least 150 minutes a week, avoid smoking, limit alcohol, and eat a heart-healthy diet.

Sometimes when you have a hectic schedule, whether it is due to your work or your school assignments, all you need is that one energy booster to get through the day. For many young adults this boost happens to be energy drinks. According to UCLA health, 30% adolescents in US and 70% in Europe report drinking energy drinks. However, this simple habit could put your heart into failure, according to this doctor.

A cardiologist known as "Heart Transplant Doc" on social media, Dr. Dmitry Yaranov, is warning young, healthy people about the dangers of energy drinks. In a recent post, he highlighted a worrying trend he's seeing in his clinic: young adults in their 20s and 30s suddenly developing heart failure. The common link among these patients, who have no history of smoking or heart disease in their families, is that they consume three to four energy drinks a day. Dr. Yaranov calls this phenomenon "Energy Drink Heart."

What Are The Hidden Dangers of Energy Drinks

Dr. Yaranov explained that the high levels of caffeine and other stimulants in energy drinks can push the heart into overdrive. He warned that this can trigger abnormal heart rhythms, raise a person's blood pressure, and, over time, weaken the heart muscle. The scary part, he says, is that many of these patients felt perfectly fine until they suddenly weren't. Another cardiologist, Dr. Sanjeeva Kumar Gupta, agrees, noting that while the mental boost from these drinks is temporary, the physical stress on the heart can be lasting.

Is Caffeine Safe for Teens?

According to UCLA Health, the recommended daily caffeine limit for teens between ages 12 and 18 is less than 100 mg per day. To put that in perspective, a single energy drink can contain anywhere from 100 to 200 mg of caffeine per serving. The combination of high caffeine and sugar in these drinks can create a powerful and risky "jolt" of energy. This can lead to a racing heart, higher blood pressure, jitters, and a quick energy crash.

Ways Energy Drinks Can Be a Problem

Over time, drinking too many energy drinks can cause a dependence on that energy boost. When a teen tries to stop, they might experience withdrawal symptoms like headaches or a bad mood. The effects can be even more severe for teens who already struggle with mental health issues. While a cup of coffee has about 75 mg of caffeine, a single energy drink can have as much as three to four cups' worth.

Both doctors emphasize that people need to be aware of the serious risks of drinking too many energy drinks. The heart is not designed to run at maximum speed every day. Instead of relying on these drinks, they suggest choosing healthier ways to stay hydrated and energized, such as drinking water or natural juices. They stress the importance of reading labels and staying informed to protect both your heart and mind.

What is a Healthier Ways to Get Energy

The quick energy from these drinks is not a long-term solution. A well-balanced diet is a much better and more sustainable way to get energy. If you or your teen need caffeine, healthier choices include natural sources like plain tea or coffee without any added sugar. While these can have health benefits for adults, experts say there isn't enough research yet to confirm their effects on younger people.

It is common to run into health problems as you age. Your bodily functions become slow, so does your mobility as well as your immunity. However, with the right healthy choices, you can also age gracefully and avoid any big health issues. This 74-year-old also had the same idea, exercising regularly and keeping his health in check.

On the surface, he's a picture of perfect health. He has never had a heart attack or a stroke, and he doesn't have common health issues like diabetes or high blood pressure. He's also very dedicated to his well-being, exercising regularly, keeping a normal weight, and avoiding smoking and alcohol. His family also has a clean bill of health when it comes to heart problems.

Highlighting this interesting case Neurologist Sudhir Kumar MD, shared the details on his X social media.

Can You Have High Cholesterol With Healthy Habits?

Despite all his good habits, a routine blood test told a different story. His blood fats, or lipid profile, showed some concerning numbers that have been high for the last 10 years. His total cholesterol, "bad" LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides were all higher than they should be, while his "good" HDL cholesterol was too low.

• Total Cholesterol: 219
• LDL ("Bad") Cholesterol: 159
• Triglycerides: 319
• HDL ("Good") Cholesterol: 32

This specific combination is known as atherogenic dyslipidemia. It's a medical term for a pattern of unhealthy fats in the blood. Even though he feels great, this condition, combined with his age, puts him at a much higher risk for serious issues down the road, like a heart attack, stroke, or a type of memory loss called vascular dementia.

How Can You Lower Cholesterol Of a Healthy Patient?

Faced with this situation, the doctor and the patient discussed two possible paths.

Option 1:

The first option was to continue his healthy lifestyle and work with a nutritionist to make his diet even better. This would be a non-medicated approach to see if his numbers could improve naturally.

Option 2:

The second option was to start taking a statin, a type of drug that lowers cholesterol. The doctor would then recheck his lipid profile after a few months. If his triglycerides were still too high, another medication, such as fenofibrate, might be added. The doctor also explained the potential side effects of statins so the patient could make an informed decision.

After hearing both options, the patient felt more comfortable with Option 1, preferring to avoid medication for now. Dr Sudhir ended the post explaining he will follow up in three months to see how the patient's health is progressing.

What Are Some Unexpected Causes Of High Cholesterol?

Beyond daily habits, some life events and medications can also cause a temporary rise in cholesterol.

Stress

When you're stressed, your body produces the hormone cortisol, which can raise cholesterol. Managing stress through exercise, meditation, or breathing exercises can help lower this risk.

Smoking

Nicotine in cigarettes lowers your HDL ("good") cholesterol, which is responsible for removing "bad" cholesterol from your blood. The best way to reduce this risk is to quit smoking.

Medications

Certain prescription drugs, including some for high blood pressure, inflammation, and infections, can raise cholesterol levels. If you're concerned about your medication, talk to your doctor about alternatives or dosage adjustments.

Pregnancy

It's normal for a pregnant person's cholesterol to increase by 30-40% to support fetal development. However, a doctor may intervene if the levels get too high.

Rapid Weight Loss

Losing weight very quickly, especially on diets like the ketogenic diet, can cause a temporary spike in cholesterol. If you're planning to lose weight, it's a good idea to work with a healthcare professional to do it safely.