HMPV: Which Countries Are Effected By Human Metapneumovirus

The recent surge in Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) in China has sent shockwaves across the world. While the virus has existed since 2001, its cases saw an uptick earlier this month. At present, HMPV has spread beyond China, infecting people in India, Malaysia, Kazakhstan, the UK, China, and Hong Kong.

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How To Identify HMPV And Who Is At Risk?

The main symptoms of this infection are flu or cold-like symptoms. Most cases are mild, but infection can increase health risks—particularly for the elderly, young children and people with low immunity. In extreme cases, it can lead to severe complications such as pneumonia.

List Of Countries Impacted By HMPV

Countries like India and the United Kingdom(UK) have reported seasonal increases in infection since late 2024. At present, Indian health authorities have confirmed seven cases of HMPV across several states including Karnataka, Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu. Meanwhile, in the UK, between December 23 and 29 last year, some 4.5 per cent of lab-tested samples were positive for HMPV.

Malaysia has also seen a surge in cases, with several outlets saying that the country saw 327 cases in 2024, 45% more than the previous year. However, the Malaysian government has not confirmed these figures.

In Central Asia, Kazakhstan has reported cases of HMPV as part of an expected seasonal rise in respiratory illnesses including flu. The Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Control reported 30 cases of HMPV during the ongoing flu season.

In its latest statement, the US CDC said that it is aware of reported increases in HMPV in China and is in regular contact with international partners and monitoring reports of increased disease. These reports are not currently a cause for concern in the US.

When Should You Take A Test?

In most cases, symptoms of HMPV are mild and fade away within a week. However, if you are someone who falls in the high-risk criteria (child, elderly or pregnant) then it becomes pivotal for you to consult a general practitioner. A trip may also be advisable for those experiencing severe and persistent HMPV-like symptoms. They will be able to diagnose you and provide a test if necessary.

How HMPV Impacts Your Body

After entering the body, the HMPV virus attaches to the epithelial cells lining the respiratory tract, which includes airways and the lungs. These cells form a protective barrier in the airways, helping to guard the respiratory system while clearing mucus, dust, and other debris. When the body's immune system recognizes this virus, it launches a counterattack, causing inflammation and other symptoms like fever, nasal congestion and cough. In a recent statement, CDC said that it is estimated that about 10% to 12% of respiratory illnesses in children are caused by HMPV. Most people will get HMPV at some point before age 5, and then reinfections can occur throughout life.

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