Cramps during periods are a common issue that many women face while mensurating. To relieve yourself of this pain you can have medication or at-home remedies like hot water bottles, and herbal teas etc. But have you ever felt that pain continue after your periods have ended? There are many people who complain of pain even after their periods have ended. Is that normal? And how does one deal with it? Period pains are the result of your uterus lining shedding and contracting and can be dealt with by making lifestyle changes etc. Does the same apply to after-period pains as well?

Post-period cramps, also known as secondary dysmenorrhea, are abdominal or pelvic pains that keep happening even after menstruation has ended. These cramps are often harmless and can vary in intensity and duration, often ranging from mild to severe. They can last up to a few days after the period has ended and the pain can range from mild to severe. It is usually felt in the lower pelvic area and may spread to the lower back and thigh.

Some symptoms of cramps after periods are feeling pain after the period has ended, and feeling pressure on the lower back of your body like the hips. You may also feel discomfort in your pelvic region as well as feeling nausea and vomiting. You may also feel tired and fatigued along with headaches bloating as well as Constipation or diarrhoea.

Why Do Cramps Happen After Periods

There are many reasons as to why it may be happening. Understanding the reasons will give us a way to deal with the situation. If your pain persists reach out to a healthcare professional and seek treatment without hesitation.

Hormonal fluctuations

Hormonal imbalances during the menstrual cycle are normal, you may feel heightened emotions and other symptoms like mood swings, and that is due to oestrogen and progesterone levels. These imbalances can carry on even after the period and can lead to uterine contractions and cramping.

Ovulation pain

Ovulation pain, or mittelschmerz, which usually happens 2 weeks after the period can cause pain and sometimes they can be felt shortly after menstruation, causing pain similar to post-period cramps but that is not the case.

Endometriosis

A condition where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus can lead to inflammation and pain. Due to this, the uterus may sometimes keep responding to the hormonal changes have can cause inflammation, scarring, pelvic pain, heavy bleeding and post-period cramps.

Uterine fibroids

These are benign growths that occur in the uterine wall. They can exert pressure on surrounding tissues, causing cramping and pain. What happens is that sometimes these put pressure on the nerves and blood vessels in the pelvic area but it mostly depends on the area.

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

This is an infection of the female reproductive organs can lead to persistent pelvic pain and cramps. This type of infection is typically transmitted sexually like the bacteria of Chlamydia or Gonorrhea. They can spread to the uterus, fallopian tubes, as well as ovaries.

Adenomyosis

This is a condition where endometrial tissue grows into the muscular walls of the uterus and can cause ongoing pelvic pain. You must remember that these are abnormal growths and have a range of symptoms like heavy bleeding, and painful cramps.

Ovarian cysts

While these are common and usually harmless but can cause pain. They are large or ruptured ovarian cysts that can cause significant pain and cramping. While they are usually benign this can lead to irregular menstrual cycles, excessive hair growth, and post-period cramps.

Gastrointestinal issues

Conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or constipation can contribute to abdominal pain and discomfort. Many people have this symptom during periods where they feel gassy and have trouble having proper bowel movements! They can sometimes carry over and cause pain afterwards as well.

If one has to look at the data of old-age dependency ratio, Japan, very clearly stands as an outlier. Whether or not it is great for their economy, the truth one cannot deny is the healthy lifestyle they swear by, which has enabled a longer life expectancy. It is in Japan where this ratio is highest in the world, which means people older than 64 are living a long life.

Dr Martin Juneau, MD, FRCP, writes that among the G7 countries, Japan has the highest life expectancy at birth. For Japanese men, the average age is 81.1, whereas Japanese women live up to an average age of 87.1 years.

The reason, Juneau writes, is because of fewer deaths from ischemic heart disease and cancers, particularly breast and prostate cancer, which is common among women and men at an older age, respectively.

Japan’s low mortality rate is largely due to a diet low in red meat, rich in fish, soy, tea, and a notably low obesity rate—4.8% in men and 3.7% in women. In contrast, Canada’s 2016 obesity rates were 24.6% for men and 26.2% for women. Obesity raises the risk of heart disease and several cancers.

It is thus no surprise that Japan makes it to the list Blue Zones, a termed coined by author Dan Buettner, who studied the areas of the world where people lived exceptionally long lives. He called them the "Blue zones", because when Buettner and his colleagues were searching for these areas, they drew it with a blue circles around them on the map.

Japan's Okinawa is one of the five regions that makes it to the list.

So, how do Japanese stay healthy?

The Japanese Walking

Also known as Interval Walking Training or the Japanese Walking is a safe and sustainable way to improve your fitness without going to the gym.

It is developed by Japanese researchers to target cardiometabolic health in older adults, IWT blends short bursts of brisk walking with periods of slower recovery walks — making it an ideal choice for people across age groups and fitness levels.

Unlike traditional walking, which is usually done at a steady pace, IWT alternates between fast and slow intervals. The recommended protocol involves five sets of 3 minutes of brisk walking followed by 3 minutes of slower walking, totaling 30 minutes of exercise. This is typically done five days a week.

Vinegar Before Meals

Japanese people have made it a habit to drink vinegar before every meal as a healthy tonic. On an average, a Japanese person drinks 15 to 30 ml, which is around 1 to 2 tablespoons of vinegar. They dilute it in water right before the meal.

Vinegar contain acetic acid that helps in increasing the production of digestive enzymes and stomach acid. This can also help break down food more effectively. There are studies too that show that acetic acid can improve insulin sensitivity and reduce blood sugar spikes that happens right after you consume your meal.

There are other benefits to drinking vinegar. It also helps to boost your metabolism and promote weight loss. Research also suggests that acetic acid can increase fat burning and reduce fat storage.

A Healthy Routine

Japanese people are known for following a healthy routine. It does not have to be rigorous, but what is important for them is the consistency with which you follow it.

Some of the habits they follow as a day-to-day life are:

• Picking fresh from the market
• Using different methods of hydration, including drinking tea, which fulfills the intake of antioxidants
• In Japan, skincare is not luxury, they pay special attention to hydrating their skin
• Prioritising sleep
• Eating fermented food that keeps their guts healthy

Eating Habits

The Okinawan mantra to a healthy diet is Hara Hachi Bu, which stands for eating only 80% of your diet. It was founded 2500-year ago by Confucianism. It is said before the meal to remind people to stop eating when they are stomach are 80% full. The study mentions that the "20% gap between not being hungry and feeling full could be the difference between losing weight or gaining it." The study by Buettner also found that the people in the Blue Zones eat their smallest meal in the late afternoon or early evening, and then, they do not eat any more the rest of the day.

Reiki Healing

While it is not to be substituted as a cure to diseases or illness, or even as a therapy, this complementary therapy can be used alongside conventional medical treatments.

It is a Japanese form of energy healing where practitioners channel universal life force energy to promote relaxation, reduce stress, and potentially aid in healing. It involves placing hands lightly on or near the body to transfer this energy, aiming to balance the body's energy and facilitate well-being. Reiki is considered a complementary therapy, not a replacement for conventional medical treatment.

When it comes to managing diabetes, the conversation typically centers on blood sugar, insulin, and diet. However, one critical piece of the equation that usually goes unmentioned: oral health. For those who have diabetes, poor oral care can result in a chain of health issues, not only affecting teeth and gums, but possibly overall body health as well.

For millions living with diabetes, maintaining a healthy mouth is not just about preventing cavities or bad breath—it’s about safeguarding against serious complications that can affect the entire body. As diabetes rates soar globally, understanding the unique oral health challenges faced by diabetics is more important than ever.

Your mouth can reveal a lot about your health. Swollen, bleeding, or receding gums; loose teeth or missing teeth; and bad breath that won't go away are all symptoms of gum disease—something diabetes patients are particularly susceptible to. Gingivitis (mild gum disease) and periodontitis (advanced gum disease) both begin with plaque, a sticky layer of bacteria that forms on teeth. Although the bacteria themselves are not specific to diabetics, the body's inflammatory reaction to the bacteria tends to be increased in diabetics, particularly with poor blood sugar control. That enhanced inflammation may result in the loss of tissue under the teeth, ultimately leading to a loss of the teeth if not treated.

The primary distinction for individuals who have diabetes is not the bacteria involved but the increased inflammatory response of the body. Uncontrolled blood sugars enhance this inflammation, which causes wear on the tissues that hold teeth in place. This can ultimately cause teeth to fall out.

Dr. Jaineel Parekh, Orthodontist at Laxmi Dental Limited, points out, "Diabetes is a rising health issue in India, and it affects millions. Oral health is heavily linked to diabetes control, as people with diabetes are more susceptible to gum disease, which in turn can make it more difficult to control blood sugar levels."

Why Diabetics Are at Higher Risk?

Another less frequently discussed but common symptom in diabetics is dry mouth, or xerostomia. The cause can be aging, drugs, or diabetes itself. A deficiency in saliva hampers the mouth's capacity to cleanse itself naturally, and food particles, acids, and bacteria remain. This speeds up tooth decay and gum disease.

Hyperglycemia (elevated blood sugar) and hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) also cause special oral health effects. Excessive sugar levels may provide an environment conducive to fungal infections such as thrush and can retard recovery from dental procedures. Hypoglycemia management with sugar-containing substances can cause a sudden surge in mouth acidity, which can erode enamel if oral hygiene is not immediately done. Individuals with diabetes are predisposed to oral conditions for numerous reasons:

Inflammatory Response: Diabetes increases the body's inflammatory response to oral bacteria, causing gum disease to be more severe and more difficult to treat.

Dry Mouth: Medications, aging, or diabetes can all decrease saliva flow, causing dry mouth. Saliva helps to remove food particles, sugars, acids, and bacteria from the mouth. Without saliva, toxic substances remain, raising the risk of tooth decay and gum disease.

Fluctuations in Blood Sugar: Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) and hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) episodes can both affect dental health. Hypoglycemia tends to necessitate sweetened treatments, which are mouth-acidifying and cavity-promoting, particularly if oral care isn't immediate (as at night). Hyperglycemia, by contrast, tends to dry the mouth and raise salivary sugar levels, providing a fertile ground for bacterial and fungal infection such as thrush.

Impaired Healing: High blood sugar compromises the immune system and slows down healing, which makes it more difficult for the mouth to heal. from infections, surgery, or trauma

Effective Oral Care for Individuals With Diabetes

The majority of these complications do not develop overnight. With regular care, diabetic patients can have great oral health. Here are evidence-supported strategies to save your smile:

1. Master the Fundamentals of Daily Care

Brush two times a day, using a soft-bristle toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste. Brushing should last two minutes, covering all surfaces—outer, inner, and chewing, according to the American Dental Association. Remember daily flossing to remove plaque between teeth and beneath the gum line. For those who dislike flossing, interdental brushes are useful substitutes.

2. Get Regular Dental Checkups

Strive for a visit to the dentist every six months. In instances of extensive gum disease, more cleaning visits (every three months) are suggested. Dentists can provide focused treatments, such as antibacterial mouthwashes or fluoride varnishes, and monitor changes in your oral health.

"A few good habits are practiced regularly," Dr. Parekh adds. "Dental flossing, brushing teeth, regular check-ups, and a good diet all help to prevent decay and gum disease."

3. Optimize Blood Sugar Control

Stable blood glucose aids in lowering dry mouth, preventing plaque formation, and enhancing immunity. Both high and low sugar levels have detrimental effects on oral health, so adhering to a well-managed diabetes care plan is essential.

4. Use Specialized Equipment for Improved Hygiene

Electric toothbrushes may be especially beneficial for individuals with dexterity issues. Sugar-free gum stimulates saliva, which mitigates dry mouth. Cheese and water at meals can also neutralize acids and aid in enamel health.

5. Drink Plenty and Stop Smoking

Dry mouth is worsened by dehydration. Drink water frequently, particularly after hypoglycemic treatment or sweets. Smoking complicates gum disease and impairs healing; stopping can significantly enhance oral and systemic well-being.

6. Brush Twice Daily

Use a fluoride toothpaste and a soft-bristle toothbrush, brushing for two minutes at least each time. Position the brush at a 45-degree angle against the gums and brush all surfaces well. Electric toothbrushes can be particularly useful for individuals with compromised dexterity.

7. Floss Once a Day

Everyday flossing eliminates plaque and food from between the teeth and along the gum line. If regular flossing is challenging, try using interdental brushes or water flossers.

Surprisingly, dentists can even identify signs of undiagnosed diabetes. According to a study published in BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care, almost one in every five individuals who have severe gum disease are likely to have undiagnosed type 2 diabetes. This again supports the notion that dental treatment should be included in diabetes care.

Oral pathogens may enter the bloodstream, initiating inflammation that leads to cardiovascular disease such as atherosclerosis and putting them at risk for respiratory infection such as pneumonia. The connection between oral and general health is particularly important to those who have chronic illnesses such as diabetes.

"Neglecting oral hygiene is not only doing a disservice to the mouth," Dr. Parekh says. "It has the potential to affect heart health, respiratory function, and overall quality of life."

Oral care must be a foundation of diabetes treatment. With good habits and frequent professional care, diabetics can help safeguard their teeth, gums, and overall health. Summing up, as Dr. Parekh says, "Good oral hygiene is important for diabetic patients not to develop complications. Brush, floss, dental visits every six months, and a healthy diet are the keys to long-term health.".

A silent epidemic is sweeping across the globe, affecting millions—many of them young adults in their 20s—without their knowledge. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), now also referred to as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), is emerging as one of the most deadly and underdiagnosed health threats of our time. Recent research published in The Lancet Regional Health Europe reveals that nearly 20 million people across the US, UK, Germany, and France are living with this condition, yet only a fraction have been formally diagnosed. Even more concerning: three-quarters of those affected have no idea they are at risk.

Once thought to be a disease of the middle-aged and overweight, NAFLD is now increasingly seen in young, seemingly healthy individuals, many of whom are asymptomatic. New research reveals that nearly 20 million people across the U.S., UK, Germany, and France are living with NAFLD—with only 2.5 million actually diagnosed. That means three out of four people have no idea they’re living with a condition that, left untreated, could progress to cirrhosis or even liver cancer.

NAFLD is often called a “silent” disease for good reason. It develops quietly, often without any symptoms, and can go undetected for years. In many cases, it is only discovered incidentally—when a patient undergoes imaging studies for unrelated health issues. This stealthy progression is what makes NAFLD so dangerous. According to experts, it is now estimated that nearly one in three adults worldwide may have some form of fatty liver disease, and the numbers are rising among younger populations.

In MASH, the liver becomes inflamed due to fat deposits. Inflammation and scarring (fibrosis) may eventually lead to cirrhosis, liver failure, or liver cancer. What makes NAFLD particularly concerning is how quietly it progresses. In many cases, it is only discovered incidentally—through imaging tests done for unrelated health issues.

Dr. Joseph Salhab, a leading gastroenterologist, describes NAFLD as “the most deadly yet underdiagnosed condition.” He stresses that most people with fatty liver have no signs or symptoms, and up to 50% may even have normal lab tests. This makes routine screening and awareness all the more critical.

What Is Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease?

NAFLD occurs when more than 5% of the liver’s weight is made up of fat, in individuals who consume little to no alcohol. This distinguishes it from alcohol-related fatty liver disease. The condition is closely linked to metabolic dysfunction, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure, but it can also affect people who have none of these risk factors.

NAFLD exists on a spectrum. The earliest and least severe stage is “simple fatty liver,” where fat builds up in the liver cells but there is little or no inflammation or damage. However, the disease can progress to a more serious form called metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). In MASH, the liver becomes inflamed due to fat accumulation, which can lead to scarring (fibrosis), cirrhosis, liver failure, and even liver cancer.

Red Flag Symptom You Shouldn’t Ignore

According to Dr. Joseph Salhab, a gastroenterologist who has observed hundreds of patients with fatty liver disease, there is one symptom that often stands out—fatigue.

“Fatigue is probably one of the most commonly reported symptoms in people with fatty livers,” says Dr. Salhab. “We think it’s linked to metabolic dysfunction in the liver and poor sleep regulation.”

He also notes that pain in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen—especially discomfort after eating—is another early sign of liver inflammation. But the most troubling symptom of all may be no symptom at all.

“NAFLD is a sneaky disease,” he emphasizes. “Around 50% of people with fatty liver can even have normal lab results. You can’t rely on symptoms alone.”

Why Young Adults Are Now at Risk?

What’s particularly alarming is the growing number of younger adults—even those in their 20s—being diagnosed with NAFLD. This trend aligns with the global rise in obesity, sedentary lifestyles, and diets high in processed foods, all of which are risk factors.

Historically, NAFLD was seen primarily in middle-aged or older adults. However, the rise in obesity, sedentary lifestyles, and poor dietary habits has led to an alarming increase in cases among people in their 20s and even teenagers. The modern diet—high in processed foods, sugars, and unhealthy fats—combined with decreased physical activity, is fueling this trend.

Recent data show that more than 15 million people in the US, UK, Germany, and France are unaware they have the most aggressive form of fatty liver disease. And while being overweight, having type 2 diabetes, or high cholesterol increases the risk, NAFLD can—and does—affect people without any of these conditions.

How Is NAFLD Diagnosed?

Because symptoms are often absent, NAFLD is frequently discovered during routine bloodwork or imaging scans, such as ultrasounds or CT scans, conducted for other reasons. In some cases, a liver biopsy may be required to assess the level of inflammation and scarring. NHS Inform and Mayo Clinic list the following signs that may warrant further investigation:

• Persistent fatigue
• Abdominal discomfort (especially upper right quadrant)
• Itchy skin
• Abdominal swelling or fluid retention
• Swelling in legs
• Spider veins, red palms, and in advanced stages, jaundice

The real danger of NAFLD lies in its potential to progress. For some, simple fatty liver remains relatively benign. But for others, the disease advances to MASH, causing inflammation and scarring. Over time, this can lead to cirrhosis (permanent liver damage), liver cancer, or even liver failure—conditions that are often fatal without a transplant.

Alarmingly, the vast majority of those with NAFLD have no idea their liver is under threat. According to the research, only 2.5 million out of 20 million people with the disease have received a diagnosis. This means millions are at risk of severe complications without knowing it.

Can NAFLD Be Reversed?

NAFLD is reversible, especially in its early stages. The primary treatment isn’t medication—it’s lifestyle modification, and the most effective step is weight loss.

According to Dr. Chris Boettcher, a physician advocating for liver health awareness, “Just losing 7–10% of your body weight can reverse fatty liver in up to 90% of patients.”

The Mayo Clinic supports this, noting that even 3–5% weight loss can significantly reduce liver fat, while 10% or more can reverse inflammation and fibrosis. Key steps to reversing NAFLD include:

• Adopting a Mediterranean-style diet rich in vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats
• Exercising regularly, with a focus on both cardio and strength training
• Managing blood sugar, cholesterol, and blood pressure
• Avoiding alcohol and unnecessary medications that stress the liver

With 1 in 3 adults potentially affected, NAFLD represents a looming public health crisis. Yet the condition remains underdiagnosed, and awareness is critically low—even among healthcare providers.

Dr. Boettcher calls it “the most deadly yet underdiagnosed condition,” warning that if the current trend continues, NAFLD could soon overtake hepatitis as the leading cause of liver transplants.

The medical community is now urging health systems to incorporate early screening for at-risk groups and raise awareness of subtle symptoms.

What You Can Do Right Now To Protecting Your Liver?

Whether you’re in your 20s or your 60s, now is the time to take charge of your liver health. Here’s how to start:

• Get a routine check-up—especially if you have any metabolic risk factors.
• Ask your doctor about a liver ultrasound or fibrosis scan if you experience unexplained fatigue or abdominal discomfort.
• Track your weight, blood sugar, and cholesterol regularly.
• Eliminate excess sugar, saturated fats, and alcohol from your diet.
• Prioritize movement—even 30 minutes of walking a day makes a difference.

NAFLD is a global health crisis hiding in plain sight—affecting millions, including people in their 20s, with most unaware of their risk. Fatigue is the one symptom that should not be ignored, but the absence of symptoms does not mean the absence of disease. Routine screening, especially for those at risk, is essential.

As Dr. Chris Boettcher, a physician and advocate for NAFLD awareness, emphasizes: “Just losing 7-10% of your bodyweight reverses non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in up to 90% of people. It directly burns liver fat, lowers inflammation, and reduces insulin resistance.”

Recognizing fatigue or unexplained abdominal pain might just be the red flag you need to start asking questions and demand screening.