Flouride is an essential nutrient that plays a major role in your dental and bone health. While it is present in human bodies, it also naturally occurs in the environment. In today's time, it is purposefully being added to drinking water supplies to enhance the health of people. Supporters of fluoridation cite Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) research that shows that community water fluoridation reduces cavities by around 25%. However, its opponents argue that excess of this mineral has a negative neurological impact. The debate heated up recently when Robert F Kennedy Jr, who was selected to lead the US Department of Health and Human Services, opposed water fluoridation.

What Is The CDC Research About?

Government scientists published a paper in the medical journal JAMA Pediatrics that concluded that there may be a link between high levels of fluoride and lower Intelligence Quotient (IQ). Their research indicated a possible neurodevelopmental harm to pregnant people or young children if they are exposed to drinking water containing at least 1.5 milligrams of fluoride per litre- a level more than twice what's recommended (0.7 mg/L) for the US water supply. It is important to note that in many American states and Western countries, pregnant women and children receive fluoride from many sources, making their exposure to this mineral way too high from the recommended levels.

Why Do We Need Fluoride?

Fluoride plays an important role in strengthening tooth enamel and is more resistant to cavities. It also reduces the amount of acid produced by bacteria on teeth, which in turn reduces plaque. Interestingly, this mineral also helps reverse early decay and remineralize tooth enamel. Fluoride stimulates new bone formation, thereby, playing a pivotal role in the skeletal system.

What Happens If Your Body Does Not Get Enough Floride?

It is also important in protecting bones from mineral loss, such as osteoporosis. Important sources of fluoride are drinking water, mouthwash, toothpaste, and supplements. However, daily intake of high amounts of fluoride has been associated with fluorosis, discolouration, and mottling of the teeth during development.

What Happens When You Consume Excessive Flouride?

Some risks of excessive fluoride exposure include dental fluorosis, skeletal fluorosis, thyroid problems, and neurological problems.

Dental Fluorosis: This condition is characterized by hypomineralization of tooth enamel caused by the ingestion of excessive fluoride during enamel formation. A person may see white patches on their teeth. Cosmetic treatment is needed to cure it.

Skeletal Fluorosis: Skeletal fluorosis affects your bones and joints. It can cause pain, stiffness and bone deformities.

Thyroid Issues: A study conducted by researchers in the UK found a positive association between fluoride concentration in drinking water and the prevalence of hypothyroidism. Another study found that adults living in areas with water fluoride levels above 0.7 mg/L were 1.6 times more likely to have hypothyroidism than those living in areas with lower fluoride levels.

Neurological problems: Excess of fluoride can accumulate in your brain, leading to neurotoxicity. It can also cause degenerative changes in the brain and spinal cord.

Biohacking may be the future, but not a lot of people know about it. For the advocates of this trend, it is anything that could boost your weight loss effort or help you hack your brain. American billionaire Bryan Johnson is currently the most popular biohacker, who, from time to time, comes up with ways to boost longevity. Notably, while the biological alterations he does are something that requires clinical assistance, some undertakings are relatively safe to perform at home.

What Is Biohacking?

Biohacking is a do-it-yourself (DIY) form of personal improvement in which people attempt to change aspects of their biology to improve their health, performance or well-being. It is not a specific term or undertaking. Rather, a currently popular anecdotal umbrella term for broad, nonspecific activities. There are many ways to biohack:

Fasting

People have engaged in fasts for millennia. It is not only believed to accelerate your weight loss process but also helps you get rid of toxins in your body.

Nootropics

Another popular form of biohacking is using a group of substances called nootropics or "smart drugs". Non-prescription nootropics include tablets, supplements, drinks, and foods. They contain substances that manufacturers claim to help boost brain performance.

Prescription Drugs And Risks

Prescription nootropics (drugs) are medications that have stimulant effects, which doctors prescribe for medical conditions such as Alzheimer's Disease or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). A person should only ever take prescription medications as directed by their doctor. Prescription stimulants have several potential side effects and may be dangerous if people misuse them.

Research shows people who take prescription stimulants for medical reasons are at high risk of many diseases such as anxiety, other drug use, post-traumatic stress disorder and impaired academic performance.

Wearable Technology

Wearable tech, such as smartwatches, head-mounted displays, and fitness-tracking bands, is a common form of modern technology. People may use them to:

1. track aspects of their health and use the data to make improvements
2. reach fitness and health goals
3. track reproductive health cycles

3 Primary Types Of Biohacking

DIY biohacking, which some people also call garage biology, involves experts in scientific fields sharing biohacking techniques and information with people who are not experts. This allows more people to conduct experiments on themselves outside of a constrained environment. Examples of these include some people who consider DIY biology to be an open revolution against the academic institutionalization of science and aim to spread an attitude of citizen science and action research without rigid gatekeeping.

Nutrigenomics

It is another type of biohacking that explores how food interacts with people's genes and how a person's genes affect their body's response to food. Researchers are using nutrigenomics to learn more about diet and genes, how they may affect a person’s health risks, and to help find new ways to prevent and treat disease. In this case, a person can send samples to labs where they are tested

Grinders

Grinders are biohackers who consider themselves pioneers of human augmentation. Example: Bryan Johnson. This type of biohacking typically involves devices implanted under the skin and the use of technology to perform body modifications.

Not showering every day is not a big deal. There are some days when even making it to the bathroom to relieve yourself feels like a task. Our parents used to make huge deals about showering regularly, saying that we would fall sick as the germs would catch up to us. However, there is no harm in skipping a few days here and there.

There are times when the availability of washrooms and hygienic spaces where you can clean yourself also stops you from having regular baths. However, one thing you must remember whether you are intentionally skipping showers or doing it out of necessity, that most people should shower twice or thrice every week, according to the Harvard Health Publishing. However, does skipping showering affect your skin health? It's important to think about what our skin needs and not let too much time pass without washing, even if we don't feel particularly dirty.

Sign Your Skin Needs Help

Our skin will start to tell us if we aren't showering enough. You might see dry, flaky patches that feel rough. Sometimes, your skin might change color in certain spots. It could even look like you have dirt on you because of darker areas. These are your body's ways of saying it needs a wash. Ignoring these signs for too long can lead to more serious skin problems that need attention from a doctor, as it could be a condition like Dermatitis Neglecta.

According to the Indian Journal of Dermatology, Dermatitis neglecta is more than just having a bit of dirt on your skin. It's a real skin problem that happens when you don't keep yourself clean for a long time. This lack of washing causes your skin to get very irritated and inflamed. It changes how your skin looks and feels, and it's a sign that your body's basic hygiene needs aren't being met. It's a condition that needs to be taken seriously.

How Does Dermatitis Neglecta Form?

Our skin is always getting rid of old, dead cells. When we shower, it helps wash these away. But if we don't shower regularly, these dead cells stay stuck on the top layer of our skin. Over time, they mix with all the sweat, oil, germs, and dirt our skin comes into contact with. This mix can build up into a tough layer that makes our skin look darker and even feel rough or crusty.

Dermatitis neglecta doesn't just appear overnight after missing one shower. It usually takes many weeks or even months of not washing properly for it to develop. Sometimes, the reason someone isn't showering regularly isn't just a personal choice. It can be a sign of a deeper issue, like a mental health problem that makes it hard for them to take care of themselves. If you notice signs of this condition, it's important to think about all the possible reasons why.

Finding A Healthy Balance For Showering

While not showering enough can cause problems like dermatitis neglecta, showering too much isn't good either. If you wash too often or scrub too hard, you can strip away the natural oils that keep your skin healthy and moist. This can lead to skin that's dry, cracked, and irritated. The best way is to find a middle ground – showering enough to stay clean but not so much that it harms your skin's natural protection. For most of us showering regularly is mostly a habit, however it could actually help your health to skip a shower here and then.

Remember how a few years ago, a nagging cough or chest congestion in your child almost always meant a pediatrician prescribing nebulisation? That was the norm back then. But not anymore. These days, you will notice more doctors recommending inhalers instead. What changed? No, it’s not that nebulisers are suddenly seen as harmful. The shift is more practical than that.

Dr Amit Dhamija, Pulmonologist at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital explains, “Nebulisers usually deliver a higher dose of medication, while inhalers allow for better dose control. It’s clinically proven that inhalers help in better delivery of medicines to lungs, if the technique is right. Earlier, inhalers weren’t widely used because children and elderly patients struggled with the technique - they couldn’t always coordinate breathing correctly. So doctors opted for nebulisers instead.” Now spacers are the game-changers.

Dr Viswateja Chitturi, Lead Consultant Pediatric Intensivist at Apollo Hospitals, Vizag, adds, “Earlier, doctors were concerned that patients wouldn’t use inhalers properly, so they relied on nebulisers to ensure the right dose reached the lungs. Now, with the use of spacers, even kids can use inhalers effectively. That’s why inhalers have become more common.”

There’s also a common myth floating around — that inhalers are addictive or make you dependent. This isn’t true. Inhalers are clinically proven to prevent asthma flare-ups and manage symptoms safely. And for those wary of allopathy, Dr Chitturi says that the fact is that alternative medicines often contain more steroids than your prescribed inhaler.

Apart from convenience, inhalers are far more portable and time-efficient than setting up a nebuliser every time.

But here’s the catch: don’t self-medicate. Dr Amit warns, “Every medicine, whether through inhalers or nebulisers, has side effects. These devices should never be used without a doctor’s supervision. I often meet patients who have already tried both and tell me they didn’t work. What they don’t realise is incorrect usage or wrong dosage can be risky. And sometimes, neither may even be needed. A proper diagnosis is key.”

The takeaway is that inhalers haven’t replaced nebulisers because one is better than the other. They both have their place. The choice depends on the patient, the condition, and how the medicine needs to be delivered. What’s important is to use them under medical guidance and not because you saw someone else do it or read about it online.

World Asthma Day - Make Inhaled Treatments Accessible for ALL

This year, the day will be observed on 6th May. It is a fight for combatting non-communicable disease in children and adults. This year, the theme of World Asthma Day is "Make Inhaled Treatments Accessible for ALL". The focus is to make sure that anyone with asthma has access to inhaled medications to prevent flare ups and manage asthma attack in a better manner.