One of the commonest causes of illness, a sore throat often clears up on its own, but knowing what's causing it is important to treat it properly. Viral, bacterial, or caused by allergic elements - these kinds of sore throats have different characteristics that need different responses.

Sore throats have several origins, including infection and environmental factors. Some common causes include:

Viral infections: Viruses cause 90% of sore throat cases. Sore throats may result due to flu or common cold as well as those from chickenpox and measles that can all cause irritation.

Bacterial Infections: Streptococcus bacteria, the most common cause of strep throat, is the most common bacterial source. Strep throat is contagious and can lead to complications if untreated.

Allergies: Pollen, pet dander, and mold can trigger throat irritation, often accompanied by postnasal drip, sneezing, and watery eyes.

Environmental Factors: Dry air, pollution, and smoke can dry out or irritate the throat, creating a scratchy sensation.

Other Causes: GERD, vocal strain, even tumors may be responsible for chronic sore throats.

How to Distinguish Between Viral, Bacterial, and Allergic Sore Throats

Determining your cause of sore throat requires analysis of symptoms that accompany it, how long the sore throat lasts, and how bad the sore throat is.

Viral Sore Throats

The viruses that cause a sore throat are usually similar to a cold in their symptoms and tend to be milder than bacterial infections.

Symptoms of Viral Sore Throat

- Red, swollen throat without white patches

- Persistent cough

- Runny nose and nasal congestion

- Fever, usually mild

Duration: Viral infections last for 7–10 days without antibiotics.

Treatment: Home remedies, such as warm fluids, saltwater gargling, and over-the-counter pain relievers can help alleviate it.

Also Read: Flu Season Grips 40 States In US, CDC Reports Alarming Numbers

Bacterial Sore Throats

Bacterial sore throats, mainly strep throat, are more severe and require prompt medical attention to prevent complications.

Symptoms of Bacterial Sore Throat

- Red and swollen tonsils with white patches or streaks of pus

- High fever

- Absence of a cough

- Nausea, vomiting, or stomach pain (especially in children)

- Small red spots on the roof of the mouth

Diagnosis: Rapid strep tests or throat cultures confirm the presence of bacteria.

Treatment: Antibiotics are necessary to eliminate the infection. Without treatment, complications like rheumatic fever or abscesses can develop.

Sore Throats Caused by Allergies

Throat irritation is caused by postnasal drip. Allergies create a buildup and drip of mucus down the back of the throat.

Allergic Sore Throat Symptoms

- Irritation of the throat and ears

- Runny eyes, sneezing, and nasal congestion

- These symptoms are usually relieved by antihistamines or removal from the source of the allergen

Duration: Allergic sore throats are sustained for as long as the allergens are exposed.

When to Seek Medical Care?

A sore throat should be taken to a doctor if:

- The condition lasts more than a week.

- There is shortness of breath or swallowing becomes painful.

- Swelling is too pronounced or the pain in the throat is extreme.

- High fever, rash, or joint pain occur along with the sore throat.

- A child shows signs of dehydration or refuses fluids due to throat pain.

Early diagnosis can prevent complications and speed recovery.

Effective Treatment for Sore Throats

Home Remedies for Viral and Allergy-Related Sore Throats

Viral infections and allergies often respond well to non-invasive treatments:

• Drink warm teas, broths, or water to soothe the throat.
• Gargling with warm, salty water can reduce inflammation.
• These help soothe an irritated throat and can alleviate coughing.

Let your body rest sufficiently. Humidifying dry air will help keep the throat moist, especially when winter is on its way.

Why Not All Sore Throats Require Antibiotics?

Bacterial infections require antibiotics such as penicillin or amoxicillin. Finish the treatment completely to avoid reoccurrence or resistance.

How to Keep Sore Throats at Bay When Winter Is Near

Prevention is better than cure, and simple lifestyle changes can reduce your risk:

• Wash your hands frequently to avoid infections.
• Avoid close contact with sick individuals.
• Use air purifiers to minimize exposure to irritants.
• Stay hydrated and maintain a balanced diet to boost immunity.

Understanding the cause of your sore throat—whether viral, bacterial, or allergic—is key to effective treatment and recovery. While many sore throats resolve on their own, seeking timely medical advice for persistent or severe symptoms can prevent complications. Prioritize self-care, and don’t hesitate to consult a doctor when needed. Remember, your throat’s health is a vital part of your overall well-being.

When the music begins, Lidia Beltran, a Parkinson's disease patient, let's go of her physical struggles. Holding onto her therapist, she moves with grace and precision. This is part of a special program in Buenos Aires that uses tango to help people with Parkinson's. For over 15 years, around 200 patients have participated in these workshops to see how dancing affects their symptoms.

Parkinson’s is an age-related degenerative brain condition that causes parts of your braint to deteriorate. It weakens the nerve cells in some parts of your brain and causes it to become damaged. Which means things like maintaining your posture, cramped or small handwriting etc.

How Tango Can Help Parkinson’s Diseases

Media reports explain a neurologist Nelida Garretto says that a big problem for people with Parkinson's is trouble walking. She explains that since tango is a walking dance, it helps patients practice important movements like starting and stopping.

Other experts note that the results have been very good. Many patients find ways to manage their symptoms, like the sudden "freezing" that makes their feet feel stuck. One patient found that doing a "figure eight" with her feet could help her get out of a freeze. According to Arakaki, dancing creates a "sensory pathway" in the brain that helps with walking

While medication is a necessary part of Parkinson's treatment, tango acts as a form of physical therapy. Arakaki believes that music and dance help people move past difficult physical moments.

Lidia Beltran, 66, was diagnosed with Parkinson's two years ago and had never danced tango before. She joined the program on her doctor's advice, hoping it would slow the disease's progression. Beyond the physical improvements, the dance workshop also helps with the social isolation and sadness that often come with the disease. Beltran says that dancing boosts her stability and her mood. She feels that after dancing, she will have a better day.

How Does Dance Help With Parkinson’s

According to a 2024 study published in the Scientific Reports, while medications for Parkinson's disease (PD) can help with many movement issues, they don't always address other symptoms, like thinking problems or balance issues. Because of this, doctors are looking for other treatments to use alongside medication.

In a new study, researchers looked at two different types of activities to see if they could help with Parkinson's symptoms: Argentine tango and physical therapy.

Specialists say tango is effective because it is more than just a dance; it requires the brain to do many things at once. Dancers must:

• Walk in a specific way.
• Keep up with the music's rhythm.
• Respond to their partner's movements.

The 2024 study followed 24 patients with Parkinson's over four months. Half of them took part in tango classes twice a week, and the other half had group physical therapy twice a week. Both groups were tested before and after to see how their symptoms had changed.

Improved Balance and Motor Skills

Both groups saw similar improvements in their motor skills, especially with balance, both when standing still and when moving. The physical activities helped stabilize their overall abilities and slow down the disease's progression.

Better Thinking Skills

Both groups also improved on a test that measures "action naming," which is a type of cognitive skill.

Tango's Unique Benefit

The most interesting finding was that only the tango group showed a significant improvement in recognizing emotions on people's faces. This suggests that tango might help with certain social and emotional skills in a way that regular physical therapy does not.

As children we have all imagined just how fun it would be if we lived around mythical creatures like dragons, elves and werewolves. However, these are all impossible and magical beings remain a part of the fantasy world. But that was not the case for this woman, for whom dragons actually become her reality. Although she wasn’t living among actual dragons, it started looking to her like that when suddenly the people around her transformed into these mythical creatures.

In July 2011, a 52-year-old woman sought help at a psychiatric clinic in The Hague for a condition she'd had her whole life: seeing people's faces turn into dragon-like faces. This happened many times a day, and she also saw similar faces floating toward her from walls and screens. At night, she saw many of them in the dark.

But why was this happening? And what caused her to see these hallucinations, here is what the 2014 reports published in the Lancet explained.

How Did She View People?

Although she could see and recognize a person's real face, after a few minutes, it would turn black, grow pointy ears and a snout, and show scaly skin with huge, bright yellow, green, blue, or red eyes. As a child, this didn't bother her, but in her teenage years, she realized this wasn't how others saw faces. She felt alone and became depressed, leading her to abuse alcohol for many years. Despite these challenges, she was able to finish school, get married, have a daughter, and work as a school administrator. However, her difficulty with faces caused problems in her relationships and at work, forcing her to change jobs often.

After her symptoms got worse, she tried to get help. A local psychiatrist gave her medication that didn't work. Desperate, she reached out to Professor Oliver Sacks, a famous neurologist, who directed her to a team in The Netherlands.

The patient had a history of other visual symptoms, like seeing things move out of the corner of her eye or seeing large ants crawling on her hands. She knew her visions weren't real and described them as a "brain disorder."

What Was Her Diagnosis?

Doctors performed tests, including a brain MRI, which showed some small white spots but nothing that would fully explain her condition. The doctors believed her symptoms, known as prosopometamorphopsia (PMO), were likely caused by abnormal electrical activity in the parts of her brain that process faces and colors. PMO is a very rare condition that was first described in 1947.

What Is The Disease That Mentally Distorts People’s Face?

According to Prosopagnosia Research Center, Prosopometamorphopsia (PMO) is a rare condition that makes people see faces as distorted. The name comes from Greek words meaning "face" (prosopo) and "perceptual distortion" (metamorphopsia).

The brain has a complex network of regions for processing faces. When there's a problem in this network, it can cause various issues, including PMO.

Unsurprisingly, living with PMO can be very upsetting for people. Most cases only last for a few days or weeks, but some people experience these distortions for years. Because only about 75 cases have been reported, we believe the condition is quite rare.

How Can You Treat People Who See Distorted Faces?

After a thorough evaluation, the doctors stopped her previous medications and started her on a new one called valproic acid. For the first time in her life, she had days with no symptoms. However, she started hearing loud bangs after falling asleep, so the doctors switched her medication to rivastigmine. This new drug controlled both her visual and new auditory symptoms well enough for her to function normally.

Thanks to the new treatment, her symptoms are under control. She has kept the same job for three years and her relationships with her colleagues have greatly improved.

In the United States, someone dies from heart disease every 34 seconds, and nearly half of the population has some form of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

What makes these statistics scary is the number of people who experience mental health issues, which is one out of four adults.

A new report from Emory University shows a clear and strong link between mental health conditions and heart disease. The report found that having certain mental health disorders can increase your risk of developing heart disease by a significant amount—anywhere from 50% to 100%. For people who already have a heart condition, these disorders can make things much worse, raising their risk of poor outcomes by 60% to 170%.

Which Mental Health Diseases Affect Heart Health?

The report, led by Dr. Viola Vaccarino and published in The Lancet Regional Health-Europe, highlights the strong link between mental health conditions and an increased risk of developing heart disease. Specifically, it found that certain mental health disorders can increase the risk of developing heart disease by 50% to 100%. For individuals who already have a heart condition, these disorders can worsen outcomes by 60% to 170%.

The report associated the following mental health conditions with these increased risks for developing CVD:

Major depression: 72% increased risk

PTSD: 57% increased risk

Bipolar disorder: 61% increased risk

Panic disorder: 50% increased risk

Phobic anxiety: 70% increased risk

Schizophrenia: nearly 100% increased risk

The study also found a two-way connection. Not only do mental health issues raise the risk for heart disease, but over 40% of people with heart disease also have a mental health condition. For example, a person with heart disease who also has major depression is more than twice as likely to die from their heart condition.

How Is Our Mental And Heart Health Connected?

The report explains how this link works inside the body. It shows that conditions like depression, schizophrenia, and PTSD can cause the body's natural stress response systems to act abnormally. These systems, called the autonomic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis, control important body functions like heart rate and how we handle stress.

When these systems don't work correctly, they can cause long-term problems that harm the heart. This includes things like ongoing inflammation, issues with metabolism, and high blood pressure. All of these issues can raise the risk of developing heart disease over time.

What Are Some Mental Health Barriers That Affect Care?

For people with mental health conditions, getting the right medical care for their physical and mental health can be very difficult. The report points to several key problems.

Social and economic barriers

It can be tough for people with mental health conditions to afford or even get to doctors' appointments.

Communication issues

Sometimes, people may not understand health information or have trouble explaining their symptoms, which can make it harder to get the right diagnosis and treatment.

Stigma

There is still a lot of shame around mental health, which can stop people from seeking help. Doctors may also have their own biases. The report also notes that people with mental health conditions are often left out of clinical trials, so we don't have as much research on them.

Fragmented care

The way our healthcare system is set up often treats the mind and body as separate. This makes it hard to address all of a person's health needs at once.