Meet Elizabeth Blackwell—The First Female Doctor Who Changed History

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Updated Mar 8, 2025 | 12:30 PM IST

SummaryElizabeth Blackwell was the first female doctor in the world. After earning a medical degree, she started her own practice in 1847. Her historic achievement inspired countless women worldwide to enter the medical field.
Meet Elizabeth Blackwell—The First Female Doctor Who Changed History

Credit: Canva

Elizabeth Blackwell, MD, was a groundbreaking figure in medical history, becoming the first woman to gain admission to and graduate from an American medical college. From a young age, she was determined to take on challenges, once stating that whatever path she chose in life, it would be "something hard." At the time, medicine was an exclusively male-dominated field, with no formal opportunities for women to receive medical education through conventional channels.

Undeterred by rejection from multiple institutions, Blackwell persevered until she was admitted to Geneva Medical College in New York in 1847. Interestingly, her acceptance was initially a joke by the male students, but she proved her worth through academic excellence and unwavering commitment. In 1849, she became the first woman to earn a medical degree in the United States. However, even after her graduation, she faced immense difficulty securing internships and practice opportunities, forcing her to establish her own medical practice. She later co-founded the New York Infirmary for Women and Children, which not only provided critical healthcare services but also trained and mentored aspiring female doctors.

Blackwell’s historic achievement inspired countless women worldwide to enter the medical field. Among them was Anandi Gopal Joshi, who became the first Indian woman to earn a medical degree in Western medicine from the United States. She graduated from the Woman’s Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1886, overcoming immense societal opposition in India, where women's education was severely restricted at the time. Her perseverance and pioneering spirit paved the way for future generations of Indian women in medicine.

Another trailblazer in India was Kadambini Ganguly, who made history as one of the first female medical graduates in the country, earning her degree from Calcutta Medical College in 1886. She defied social conventions to practice as a physician, advocating for women's rights and proving that gender was no barrier to medical expertise.

In Britain, Dr. Elizabeth Garrett Anderson broke similar barriers, becoming the first woman to qualify as a physician and surgeon in 1865. Denied access to medical schools, she self-studied and passed the medical licensing exam. Later, she established the London School of Medicine for Women, ensuring that more women could receive formal medical education and practice in the field.

These extraordinary women revolutionized medicine, challenging deep-seated prejudices and inspiring future generations. Their resilience, intellect, and determination continue to shape the healthcare landscape today, proving that with perseverance, even the most formidable barriers can be broken.

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This Phone Habit Could Be A Sign Of Narcissism, Psychologists Reveal

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Updated May 26, 2025 | 12:00 AM IST

SummaryExcessive social media use, especially compulsive scrolling and a constant need for validation on platforms, may signal underlying narcissistic tendencies and even point to social media addiction. New research links compulsive social media use to narcissistic traits and the consequences go far beyond screen time.
This Phone Habit Could Be A Sign Of Narcissism, Psychologists Reveal

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Ever found yourself mindlessly scrolling through Instagram or glancing at TikTok the second you wake up? Be honest—does your phone really feel like a part of your hand? But what if that good-natured habit isn't so good after all? New psychological research suggests that your screen time—particularly your obsessive need to be online—may tell you more about yourself than you realize. Indeed, researchers say this same behavior could be an unsuspecting tip for detecting narcissism. Intrigued yet? Let's explore the intriguing link between phone behavior, narcissistic tendencies, and what it all implies for your mental health.

In a world where selfies, status posts, and short videos are ruling digital activity, your phone behavior might speak more about your mental well-being than you realize. Psychologists say compulsive use of social media, particularly on Instagram, Facebook, and TikTok, might be a subtle but compelling warning sign for narcissistic personality.

A recent University of Gdańsk study in Poland has revealed a new suspect phone behavior that can potentially identify narcissism in an instant: runaway, uncontrollable social media use. The research, published in the Journal of Research in Personality, correlates excessive use of the web with almost all categories of narcissistic personality traits. These results are not only relevant but critical, considering mental health emergencies caused by excessive use of technology.

What Is Narcissistic Personality Disorder?

Narcissism is not simply vanity or enjoying the spotlight. As explained by the Cleveland Clinic, narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) is a severe mental illness that is marked by a grand sense of self-esteem, reduced empathy, desire for admiration, and emotional manipulation. These characteristics can hamper relationships, ruin careers, and contribute to substance abuse disorders and severe mental illnesses.

Although just a percentage as low as an estimated 1 in 20 people in the UK has a formal diagnosis of NPD, numerous more display narcissistic tendencies without ever being clinically tested. Such tendencies—like an intense need for affirmation or competition with others—are often latent until activated by new technology like smartphones.

How Scroll Addiction Add To Narcissism?

Researchers at the University of Gdańsk carried out two comprehensive surveys of 665 social media users over a period of eight months. Participants were tested on six different forms of narcissism: admiration, rivalry, enmity, isolation, heroism, and sanctity.

The results were instructive. Narcissistic features—most notably admiration (needing praise), rivalry (competition with others), heroism (need for admiration), and enmity (hostility towards others)—were strongly linked with maladaptive use of social media. Surprisingly, sanctity, or the promotion of one's virtue, was not as strongly related to addiction.

Isolation and enmity also seemed to grow greater over time with use, suggesting that some of the more aggressive or socially isolated tendencies may not be inherent but instead arise as side effects of too much online activity.

Why Social Media Is the Perfect Playground for Narcissism?

Social media sites serve as online mirrors, frequently magnifying self-presentation and performance at the expense of real connection. For individuals with narcissistic traits, the ability to present an idealized self, get likes, and garner admiration can become a dopamine-reinforced feedback loop.

Neuroimaging research indicates that the reward systems of the brain activate with social media activity in a similar manner to how they do in drug addictions. This renders platforms both irresistibly attractive and psychologically dangerous—particularly to those with tendencies towards attention-seeking.".

The research cautions that addiction to social networking websites is not a benign behavior. It may start with compulsive checking and gradually escalate to other, more serious repercussions like sleep interference, decreased face-to-face social interaction, anxiety when away from the phone, and poor work or school performance.

Such behavioral alterations make it challenging to maintain healthy relationships and remain emotionally resilient. Low self-esteem, loneliness, or excessive fear of missing out (FOMO) individuals are particularly susceptible.

Statistics from Addiction Center indicate that close to 10% of Americans can be struggling with some level of social media addiction—characterized by such signs as restlessness when separated from the phone, avoidance of real-life relationships, and declining enthusiasm for activities that were once rewarding.

Behavioral Signs to Look Out For

So how do you identify a narcissist through their phone behavior? Psychologists advise paying attention to the following behaviors:

  • A repetitive urge to post or check notifications
  • An overemphasis on likes, followers, and others' opinions
  • Evident distress when not participating online
  • Using social media to compete or criticise
  • Putting digital image ahead of actual-life responsibilities

These aren't just frustrating tendencies—they can be indicators of an underlying psychological pattern.

Importance of Digital Hygiene for Mental Health

Even though not every individual who has a high screen time score is a narcissist, the results re-emphasize the relevance of digital hygiene. Putting boundaries on screens, having face-to-face contact, and being mindful of social media use can be preventive measures against addiction as well as against nurturing narcissistic traits.

For practicing clinicians, the research provides windows of opportunity for detection of early warning signs for narcissistic features and social media dependency, conditions that, if left untreated, can erode emotional health and quality of life.

The next time you catch yourself—or someone you know—glued to a screen, it may be worth taking a step back and wondering why. The University of Gdańsk study presents something more than insight into online behavior; it presents a prism by which we can look more clearly into the psychological foundations of narcissism in our digital world.

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Dreading Monday? Reset Your Mind With This Sunday Routine For A Calm, Anxiety-Free Week

Updated May 25, 2025 | 09:00 PM IST

SummaryResearch shows that nearly 80% of working professionals experience increased anxiety on Sunday evenings. But establishing a structured routine and healthy boundaries can significantly reduce this stress and improve weekly productivity.
Dreading Monday? Reset Your Mind With This Sunday Routine For A Calm, Anxiety-Free Week

Do you get that gnawing knot in your gut when Sunday evening approaches? You're not alone. The shift from weekend freedom to Monday responsibility tends to trigger what has been colloquially referred to as the Sunday Scaries. The fear of unread messages, early wake-up calls, and a full calendar can steal joy from your weekend and leave you exhausted before the week has even started.

But what if Sundays were another way? A day not of anxiety, but of easy preparation—a day to restore, plan, and step into the week with alacrity instead of mayhem. Integrative Lifestyle Expert Luke Coutinho says, "The way we approach Sunday can change the entire trajectory of our week. With the right rituals and mindset, we can transform anxiety into action."

What Are the Causes of Sunday Anxiety?

Sunday stress isn't so much about the weekend ending—it's about how we think about what's to come. If we characterize Mondays as stressful or think of them in negative terms, our brain will start to react the same way.

"The mind accepts what we continually tell it," says Coutinho. "If Monday is a mental sign for tension, your body and feelings will adhere."

Three psychological and behavioral triggers most often responsible for Sunday night anxiety are:

The sudden shift from relaxation to order: Two days of free time can be a nice way to unwind, but the reality of jam-packed schedules and deadlines can come as a shock.

Anticipatory stress: Anticipating pending emails, meetings, or unfinished work triggers our sympathetic nervous system to kick in—our fight-or-flight system gets activated too early.

Poor rest and recovery: Few individuals take their weekends off to effectively reboot. Social commitments, TV, or undone tasks can leave the mind clogged, so Monday feels even more daunting.

Simple but Powerful Attitude Adjustments

Rather than accepting dread, Coutinho suggests reprogramming the way we think about Sunday. "It's a day to calm your mind, fuel your body, and plan with intention—not simply rush to get ready for Monday," he says.

Here are organized strategies to make Sunday a launchpad not a landmine for your week:

1. Plan With Intention, Not Panic

Planning does not equal wasting Sunday reading emails. It equals setting a straightforward, simple map for your week to come—without overwhelming yourself.

Begin with a list of intentions, rather than a to-do list. "This changes your energy from stress to clarity," she says. Plan out what must get accomplished, and schedule time for immersion work, calls, and even breaks.

This cuts down on decision fatigue—the mental garbage that makes Mondays more difficult than they have to be.

2. Build a Restorative Sunday Routine

A good routine provides reassurance and consistency. Envision Sunday as a soft runway on which to lift smoothly into the new week. Include simple rituals such as:

  • A relaxing morning without an alarm.
  • Light meal preparation or grocery planning.
  • A nature walk or some yoga to release the mind-body anxiety.
  • Journaling or reading to create emotional closure to the weekend.

Coutinho says, "Predictability breeds calm. When the body knows what to expect, anxiety diminishes."

3. Protect Your Digital and Mental Boundaries

Sunday doesn’t need to be an extension of your work week. Constant email checks or Slack updates keep your nervous system on edge.

“Set boundaries that respect your need to recharge,” advises Coutinho. “Work will still be there on Monday. You’ll be better prepared to handle it when you’ve taken time to rest.”

Replace doomscrolling with mindfulness exercises—guided meditation, breathwork, or even 15 minutes of quiet. The aim is not perfection, but presence.

4. Utilize Sundays for Light, Intentional Reflection

Instead of diving headfirst into Monday with a list of goals, take Sunday to reflect on what already went well last week. Ask yourself:

  • What small victories did I win?
  • What can I do again or better?
  • How can I make my next week more value-aligned?

Create mini-goals in the areas of nutrition, sleep, and exercise. Deciding ahead of time whether to work out or what you're going to cook can limit weekday decision fatigue and keep you on track.

"Small wins matter," says Coutinho. "They build confidence, and confidence reduces anxiety."

5. Get Moving—Gently

Exercise is perhaps the most natural mood stabilizer. But Sunday doesn't require a hard-hitting exercise session. A stroll, some light stretching, or a brief yoga routine can quiet your nervous system and enhance sleep quality.

"Movement calms the body and resynchronizes your internal clock," Coutinho explains. "It also releases endorphins, the happy hormones that push back against anxiety."

Even 20 minutes of relaxed activity on Sunday evening can change your physiology from stress to relaxation.

6. Create a Relaxing Sunday Evening

Consider Sunday evening as a winding-down ceremony, rather than prep for battle. Steer clear of stimulating activities and instead engage in activities that calm your senses. Try:

  • Spending time with loved ones over a peaceful dinner.
  • Watching a light-hearted movie.
  • Laying out Monday attire or preparing your workspace.
  • Diffusing relaxing essential oils such as lavender or chamomile.

The goal is to alert your body that the week is starting, but not with tension with readiness and tranquility.

How we live Monday is greatly influenced by how we spend Sunday. Rather than yielding to worry, use Sunday to replenish your vitality, think about your progress, and prepare on purpose.

As Luke Coutinho explains, "The Sunday anxiety is a message. It's your body crying out for support, clarity, and improved boundaries. Listen to it, and allow that realization to guide the way."

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From Fatigue To Weight Gain: Spotting The Signs Of Thyroid Hormonal Fluctuations

Updated May 25, 2025 | 08:00 PM IST

SummaryWorld Thyroid Day, observed on May 25, raises awareness about thyroid disorders, promotes early diagnosis and treatment, and highlights the impact of thyroid health on global wellness and metabolism.
From Fatigue To Weight Gain: Spotting The Signs Of Thyroid Hormonal Fluctuations

World Thyroid Day, oberserved every May 25, aims to highlight the significance of thyroid health, emphasizing timely detection and management of disorders like hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. It’s a global call to action for better education, testing, and treatment access, empowering individuals to prioritize hormonal balance for lifelong health and well-being.

The thyroid gland is small, but its impact on our well-being is anything but insignificant. From controlling metabolism and temperature to regulating energy and heart rate, the hormones it secretes touch virtually every cell in the body. And when hormone levels swing out of balance, the repercussions can be wide-ranging resulting in symptoms that are frequently misinterpreted or mislaid and blamed on other causes. One of the most obvious and frequently reported indicators? Unexpected changes in weight.

As thyroid disorder rates continue to escalate worldwide, identifying the early symptoms of thyroid dysfunction—particularly hypothyroidism is critical to diagnosing and treating it in a timely manner.

What Is Thyroid Gland's Function in Your Body?

At the bottom of your neck lies the butterfly-shaped gland called the thyroid, which is responsible for secreting two most important hormones: thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones control your body's metabolism—the manner in which your body produces energy from food. They also influence a variety of different functions in your body, such as:

  • Heart rate
  • Body temperature
  • Digestion
  • Muscle strength
  • Menstrual cycles
  • Brain function

The thyroid functions on the orders of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, which coordinate their efforts to ensure hormone equilibrium. However, when this mechanism is disturbed, it leads to hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) or hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid).

Link Between Thyroid Hormones and Metabolism

Weight gain tends to be one of the earliest warning signs of an underactive thyroid, or hypothyroidism. A slow thyroid causes a slowing of the basal metabolic rate (BMR)—the rate at which your body requires calories to function when you are at rest. With a decreased BMR, you could gain weight even if you haven't altered your diet and activity level.

Surprisingly, the weight gain is not just because of fat buildup. Fluid retention also happens due to hormonal imbalances, so the fluctuations on the scale are even more baffling for patients. Most describe frustration when their healthy eating and exercise regimens fail to deliver hoped-for gains only to later find that a thyroid condition was responsible.

There are approximately 4.6% of the U.S. population living with hypothyroidism, and millions are undiagnosed, according to the American Thyroid Association. That increases the importance of awareness regarding subtle symptoms.

Symptoms of the Thyroid That Must Not Be Overlooked

Although weight fluctuations usually bring people into the doctor's office, thyroid abnormalities are typically paired with a group of symptoms:

Fatigue: This is not the normal tiredness. Fatigue caused by hypothyroidism is profound and can be relentless, even after an entire night of sleep.

Cognitive Changes: Most commonly, patients report a feeling of "brain fog," forgetfulness, or difficulty concentrating. These may be the only symptoms and are often ignored.

Gastrointestinal Problems: Hypothyroidism can be slow to digest, producing constipation, bloating, or in some instances, Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO), which causes discomfort and impaired nutrient uptake.

Sensitivity to Cold: Without an increased internal thermostat, hypothyroid patients will feel cold even when the surrounding environment is warm.

Skin and Hair Changes: Dry, flaky skin and brittle hair or thinning of the hair are usually experienced. These are due to thyroid hormones' role in regulating skin cell turnover and health of the hair follicles.

Overlooked Symptoms of Thyroid

Thyroid disease may affect the eyes as well. In Hashimoto's thyroiditis, which is a prevalent cause of hypothyroidism, patients develop dry eye or blurry vision. In Graves' disease, causing hyperthyroidism, patients may have bulging eyes, double vision, and eye irritation—a condition called Graves' Ophthalmopathy. Some Graves' patients develop these ocular changes in as many as one-third of cases.

Data from the Fifth National Family Health Survey of India supports this, reporting thyroid-related disorders and goitre in 2.7% of women and 0.5% of men in the 15–49 age group. The visible swelling in the neck area and other signs demand awareness and timely thyroid function tests.

Diagnosing Thyroid Conditions

Obtaining a proper diagnosis requires 2 easy steps- physical examination to determine if there is swelling or nodules in the neck and blood work that determines:

  • TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone)
  • T4 and T3 levels
  • Thyroid antibodies (particularly in autoimmune diseases such as Hashimoto's or Graves')
  • Imaging studies like ultrasound or thyroid scans to evaluate the shape of the gland.

A fine-needle aspiration biopsy in some instances may be done to test for unusual lumps or nodules.

Types of Thyroid Disorders

It's essential to highlight the range of thyroid disorders that often go unnoticed until routine tests reveal them. According to Dr. Anil Menon, HOD of Endocrinology at DPU Super Speciality Hospital, Pimpri, Pune, “The spectrum of thyroid disorders spans Hypothyroidism (less functioning) to Hyperthyroidism (more functioning), with the former being more common. Despite being a common disorder, the symptoms of hypothyroidism overlap with everyday complaints such as fatigue, hair fall, constipation, and weight gain. Many times, patients may have no symptoms at all and the condition is discovered incidentally during routine testing.”

Although hypothyroidism is the most prevalent thyroid disorder in the U.S., occurring in about 1 in 20 individuals, it's far from the only one. Here's a quick overview of the range:

Hypothyroidism: Underactive thyroid; causes slowed metabolism, weight gain, fatigue, and depression.

Hyperthyroidism: Overactive thyroid; produces fast metabolism, weight loss, anxiety, and rapid heart rate.

Thyroid cancer: Usually occurs as a neck nodule or swelling and can be treated with surgery and/or radioactivity.

Untreated hypothyroidism can cause severe complications, such as goiter, infertility, heart disease, and in extreme cases, myxedema, an unusual life-threatening disorder. However, thyroid hormone replacement therapy, most often levothyroxine, can successfully replace hormone levels and symptoms.

Dr Anil adds that while hypothyroidism often goes unnoticed, “Hyperthyroidism tends to be spotted earlier due to noticeable symptoms like unintentional weight loss, irritability, increased sweating, and in some cases, eye protrusion seen in Graves’ disease.” Thyroid patients should collaborate closely with an endocrinologist to keep their hormone levels in check and modify medications accordingly.

Fatigue, weight gain or loss, mood swings, and even the slightest vision or digestive changes must never be dismissed. Thyroid hormone changes do not always come on dramatically, but their effects can be immense. The solution lies in early detection, prompt diagnosis, and regular management.

If you have reason to believe your thyroid is responsible for a change in your health, see a healthcare practitioner. In this day and age, where there can be such influence on endocrine function from stress, dietary shifts, and the environment, being proactive about your thyroid status is one of the best investments you can make in your health.

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