Two years ago, in 2023, it came as a shock for fans to learn that veteran actress Sharmila Tagore was battling cancer. She was diagnosed with lung cancer, but at stage zero. Recently, her daughter Soha Ali Khan opened up about the experience of her mother being diagnosed early on and how it helped her in treatment and recovery.

In an interaction with Nayandeep Rakshit, she said, "With my mother, she was one of the very few people to be diagnosed with lung cancer at stage zero, and no chemotherapy, nothing. It was cut out of her and she is, touchwood, fine."

The first time the conversation about this was made publicly was during Sharmila's appearance on Koffee with Karan. Host Karan Johar had said, "I would offered Sharmila ji the part played by Shabana ji. She was my very first choice. But because of health reasons at that time, she couldn't say yes." To this, Sharmila responded, "After my cancer...they didn't want me to take that risk."

What Is Stage Zero Lung Cancer?

As per the American Lung Association, Stage Zero is an early-stage lung cancer that is only in the top lining of the lung or bronchus and has not yet spread.

Why Is Staging So Important?

The American Lung Association notes that once your specific type of lung cancer has been identified, the next crucial step in the journey from diagnosis to treatment is staging. This process determines how far the cancer has spread and helps your care team design the most effective treatment plan for you.

To assign a cancer stage, doctors use a combination of imaging tests—such as CT scans and PET scans—and tissue tests like biopsies. These provide a comprehensive view of the cancer’s location and extent.

Staging does more than guide treatment—it also offers insight into your overall prognosis, or likely course of the disease. By looking at data from other patients with the same type and stage of lung cancer, doctors can estimate outcomes. However, it’s important to remember that each case is unique, and no doctor can predict exactly how your cancer will respond to treatment or determine your life expectancy with certainty.

The staging process can vary depending on the individual case. Generally, it starts before treatment begins, based on the results of imaging and biopsy tests. This is called the clinical stage.

For some patients, doctors recommend pre-treatment intranodal staging—also known as invasive nodal staging or intrathoracic staging. This involves examining the lymph nodes in the chest to see if cancer has spread there. Understanding this early can be especially important if the cancer hasn’t yet reached other organs, as it helps doctors determine the full extent of the disease and tailor the treatment accordingly.

Pre-treatment intranodal staging is best done before therapy begins and can sometimes alter the clinical stage based on more detailed information. Two procedures commonly used for this are:

EBUS-TBNA (Endobronchial Ultrasound with Transbronchial Needle Aspiration): A minimally invasive test that uses a bronchoscope and a needle to collect tissue or fluid samples from chest lymph nodes.

Mediastinoscopy: A surgical procedure that allows doctors to examine and take samples from the mediastinum—the space behind the breastbone between the lungs.

If a patient undergoes surgery as their first treatment, doctors may assign a pathological stage afterward. This combines the clinical stage with findings from the surgery itself, often providing a more accurate picture of the disease and informing future treatment steps.

If the cancer returns after treatment, it will be restaged, often using the same types of tests that were done during the initial diagnosis.

What Determines Lung Cancer Stage?

Lung cancer staging is based on three main criteria, commonly referred to as the TNM system:

T (Tumor): Size of the tumor and its exact location in the lung.

N (Nodes): Whether the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes, especially in the chest.

M (Metastasis): Whether the cancer has spread to other organs in the body.

Each of these components is assigned a value, which is then used to determine the overall stage of the cancer. This system helps guide treatment decisions and gives patients and caregivers a better understanding of the disease.

When we talk about men’s health, prostate care rarely enters the conversation before the age of 50 but waiting that long might mean missing early signs of dysfunction. According to leading health experts, the prostate—a walnut-sized gland central to male reproductive health—starts undergoing subtle changes as early as your 30s. While issues like prostate enlargement and cancer are more commonly diagnosed later in life, the foundation for lifelong prostate health is laid much earlier.

So why should men under 35 be concerned? Because learning, know-how, and making a few sensible health decisions today might avoid chronic issues tomorrow.

Your prostate gland is tiny, yet its function in a man's reproductive system is important. It lies beneath the bladder and encases the urethra, the tube that carries urine as well as semen. The major functions of the prostate are:

Producing Prostatic Fluid: It is a significant fraction of semen. Prostatic fluid holds enzymes, zinc, citric acid, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA), keeping the sperm alive by thinning the semen.

Regulating Urine Flow during Ejaculation: During orgasm, the prostate tightens to avoid urine entering into the semen and to facilitate ejaculation smoothly.

Regulating Hormones: Within the prostate, there is an enzyme 5-alpha-reductase that turns testosterone into dihydrotestosterone (DHT). This hormone affects male secondary sex characteristics such as body hair and deepening voice but also has a major role in the growth of the prostate.

Learning about these processes is key to knowing when things may be headed in the wrong direction—and that includes being able to tell different sorts of prostate disorders apart.

Prostate Enlargement vs. Prostate Cancer: What's the Difference?

One of the most prevalent misconceptions among younger men is mixing up benign prostate enlargement with prostate cancer. Dr. Sridhar Reddy Baddam, Senior Consultant Vascular and Oncointerventions at Hyderabad-based Apollo Hospital, says, "One of the key things that young men should know is the distinction between prostate enlargement and prostate cancer. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a non-cancerous, benign enlargement that usually starts developing post-30–35 years.". It can lead to symptoms like frequent urination or difficulty starting the stream, but it’s not life-threatening.”

Prostate cancer, by contrast, is a malignant growth that often shows no signs in its early stages, which makes regular screenings vital—especially if you have a family history of the condition.

The signs can overlap," continues Dr. Baddam, "which is why prevention and early detection are so important. If either condition is caught early, there are more treatment options and better results."

What is the Hormonal Connection?

Hormones, specifically testosterone, bear a profound relationship with prostate health—but not necessarily one men suspect. Dr. Virender K Sheorain, Associate Director, Medanta - The Medicity, describes the nuance, "There's widespread confusion about testosterone and prostate health. Testosterone per se is not the issue; it's how the body metabolizes it. When it metabolizes into DHT, it can affect prostate growth. That's why hormonal balance is crucial."

Men in their 30s should have hormone levels regularly checked, particularly if they're finding it hard to urinate or have decreased libido. The best part? Treatment has improved.

"One of those methods is Prostate Artery Embolization (PAE), which lowers the prostate's blood supply and causes it to shrink over time," explains Dr. Sheorain. "It's a non-surgical treatment that provides symptom relief without much downtime."

Can Exercise Prevent Prostate Issues?

At your 30s, prostate health is perhaps still a distant issue—but the habits you form at this stage are important. Dr. Mousam Dey, Senior Intervention Radiologist, Fortis Hospital Kolkata, points out the increased awareness among young men, "Men in their early 30s are more becoming aware of prostate health, and that's a positive change.". Daily exercise aids in hormone regulation, the reduction of inflammation, and weight control, all of which are connected to a decreased chance of developing BPH as well as prostate cancer.

Exercise, particularly strength training and aerobics, has been associated with lower PSA levels and decreased risk of prostate issues. Inactivity, conversely, can cause hormonal disruptions that speed prostate enlargement.

Early Red Flags You Shouldn't Ignore

The majority of prostate disorders start insidiously. However, as the gland enlarges (either through benign hypertrophy or malignancy), symptoms can start to develop. Men under age 35 should be aware of:

• Frequent urination, particularly at night
• Trouble initiating or stopping the stream
• A weakened or interrupted urinary stream
• Painful ejaculation
• Hematuria or hematospermia

Although these symptoms do not necessarily signify cancer, they are worth bringing up with a urologist for early screening and prevention.

How Small Habits Support Long-Term Protection?

So what can men younger than 35 do to safeguard their prostate health today? Use this as your fundamental guide:

• Shoot for at least 30 minutes of exercise five times a week.
• Add zinc-fortified foods (such as pumpkin seeds and seafood), healthy fats, and antioxidants such as lycopene (in tomatoes).
• If you have a family history, begin PSA screenings earlier—sometimes as early as age 35.
• Stress affects hormones and the immune system, both of which influence prostate function.
• Do not smoke and avoid excessive alcohol use since both are associated with worse prostate results and increased cancer risks.

The prostate can't take center stage in the same way as the heart or brain in early adulthood, but neglecting it until midlife will cost you your long-term well-being. Today's 30-something man is juggling career, family, and health aspirations—and that means staying one step ahead of avoidable diseases such as BPH and prostate cancer. As Dr. Baddam points out, "Awareness in your 30s isn't premature—it's proactive.

Start small. Think big. And remember: Prostate health isn't about age—it's about taking responsibility for your health journey early.

It is not unknown that people worldwide are struggling with mental health issues. However, the more number of cases is a result of more people reaching out for help. However, Australia's data show something concerning, teens, especially girls are struggling.

As per a recent national survey from the Australian Bureau of Statistics found nearly 2 in 5, which makes it 38.8% of individuals, between the age of 16 to 24 years old experienced symptoms of a mental disorder in the previous 12 months.

This has been higher than the last survey which was conducted in 2007. Back then, the number was at 26%.

Another recent study published in Science Direct, titled: All things being equal? Longitudinal patterns of mental disorder symptoms and associations with key social determinants in a large cohort of Australian adolescents, revealed that mental health problems were especially higher in Australian high school students. It was found that 1 in 4 high school students had mental health problems by Year 10. The study also pointed that it was severe among girls.

Tracking Teen's Mental Health

The study published in the Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health has revealed a steady and concerning rise in mental health symptoms among Australian teenagers, particularly among girls and gender diverse youth. The research tracked more than 6,500 students from 71 schools across New South Wales, Queensland and Western Australia from Year 7 (ages 12–13) to Year 10 (ages 15–16).

Mental health problems rising with age

Researchers found a significant increase in symptoms of depression, anxiety, and psychological distress over the four years:

• Depression: 17% of students met the threshold for probable depression in Year 7, rising to 28% by Year 10.

• Psychological distress: A similar trend was observed, with 14% of students reporting high distress in Year 7, increasing to 24% by Year 10.

• Anxiety: The proportion of students experiencing moderate-to-severe anxiety grew from 16% to 24% across the same period.

Girls and gender diverse teens most affected

The study found that certain groups were disproportionately affected by poor mental health outcomes. Girls and gender diverse teens not only began with higher symptom levels in Year 7 but also saw a steeper increase in distress over time.

By Year 10:

Girls had 88% higher depression, 34% higher anxiety, and 55% higher psychological distress than boys.

Gender diverse teens had 121% higher depression, 55% higher anxiety, and 89% higher distress than their male peers.

The study also highlighted the cumulative effect of gender and socio-economic disadvantage. Girls from the least affluent families experienced especially high levels of depression and anxiety—beyond what would be expected from either factor alone.

Family income and school advantage also matter

Teens from less affluent families showed a 7% higher rate of depressive symptoms than those from wealthier households. Meanwhile, students attending schools in lower socio-economic areas reported 9% higher anxiety than those at more advantaged schools.

Broader context and comparison with past data

The findings reflect a growing global concern. Although recent national-level data is limited, a 2015 Australian study (Young Minds Matter) reported 14.4% of 12- to 17-year-olds had a mental disorder. The higher rates in the current study suggest a worsening trend across generations—a phenomenon also noted in international research.

While the exact causes are still being explored, contributing factors likely include social media use, climate anxiety, academic pressure, and the lasting effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Importantly, the gender gap in mental health is not unique to Australia but part of a wider global pattern.

Addressing the gender mental health divide

Reducing gender inequities in mental health requires a multilayered and systemic approach. Research points to multiple underlying causes for poorer mental health among girls and gender diverse teens, including:

• Gender-based violence
• Pressure from unrealistic beauty standards
• Hormonal changes and menstruation
• Differences in family dynamics and social expectations

Lifestyle factors such as screen time and diet

While some of these issues are recognized in the National Women’s Health Strategy, meaningful investment and policy action are still needed. Moreover, solutions must also prioritize gender diverse teens, who face even starker disparities.

Designing support with teens, not just for them

Experts stress the importance of co-designing mental health strategies with young people, especially those from priority groups like girls, gender diverse individuals, and economically disadvantaged teens. Creating culturally safe, inclusive, and affirming support systems is key to helping teens feel understood and empowered—and improving their mental health outcomes in the long run.

In recent days, questions have emerged around the sudden demise of businessman Sunjay Kapur—particularly speculation that he may have accidentally swallowed a bee during a polo match, which then triggered a fatal reaction. While such incidents are extremely rare, they are medically possible under specific conditions.

If someone is allergic to insect venom—or has an undiagnosed heart condition—the ingestion or sting of a bug like a bee can set off a chain reaction within the body. In very rare cases, this can lead to a heart attack or even sudden cardiac arrest.

What Is Kounis Syndrome?

This rare medical condition occurs when a severe allergic reaction—known as anaphylaxis—triggers heart-related complications, including heart attacks. Known as Kounis syndrome, it accounts for just 0.5% to 2% of all anaphylactic cases, making it a rare but dangerous phenomenon.

Kounis syndrome can be caused by various allergens, including insect stings, medications, certain foods, or even unfamiliar environmental triggers. In such cases, the body’s immune response kicks in with the release of histamine and other chemicals to neutralize the threat. However, this same reaction can dangerously dilate blood vessels, drop blood pressure sharply, and deprive the heart of oxygen. This creates stress, especially for those with pre-existing cardiovascular issues.

How Allergic Reactions Impact the Heart

Histamine release during a severe allergic reaction results in widened blood vessels and a sudden drop in blood pressure. When blood pressure drops too low, the heart struggles to supply oxygen-rich blood to vital organs—including itself. This oxygen deprivation can trigger abnormal heart rhythms, known as arrhythmias, and may ultimately result in cardiac arrest.

In more severe cases, anaphylaxis may cause fluid leakage from the bloodstream into surrounding tissues, further lowering blood volume and blood pressure. In individuals with underlying heart conditions, it can also cause the coronary arteries to narrow, reducing the heart's oxygen supply and increasing the risk of a heart attack.

Another potential outcome is plaque rupture—a common cause of heart attacks in people with coronary artery disease. When the plaque lining the artery walls tears or erodes, it can attract blood clots, which block blood flow and damage heart tissue.

Real Cases of Bug-Induced Cardiac Events

Two real-life examples highlight how allergic reactions from insects can escalate into cardiac emergencies.

One case as reported in Indian Express, involved a 31-year-old man working on a bee farm who suffered multiple stings, unaware of his allergy. He had only 40% plaque buildup in his arteries, but the allergic reaction caused the plaque to rupture. Blood clots formed over the tear, blocking the artery, and a stent was required to reopen it.

In another case, a wasp bite triggered a similar reaction, although the patient experienced plaque erosion rather than rupture. This too led to a blockage, though less severe, and did not require a stent.

What to Do in Such Cases?

Immediate medical attention is critical in managing allergic reactions that affect the heart. Patients should be administered steroids or a high-dose adrenaline injection (epinephrine) without delay. Supplemental oxygen must be provided, and an electrocardiogram (ECG) should be performed to assess cardiac function.

While such cases are rare, they underscore the importance of recognizing allergies, especially when combined with underlying heart conditions. Prompt response can be life-saving.