Most people are aware of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, but did you know there is a type 3 diabetes as well! It is a more obscure term. Although it is not an accepted medical diagnosis, type 3 diabetes has been discussed in the literature as a possible relationship between insulin resistance in the brain and Alzheimer's disease. This link has been described to help explain how metabolic disorders impact brain health, causing cognitive decline and dementia.

What is Type 3 Diabetes?

Type 3 diabetes is more of a misnomer because it should not be confused with type 3c diabetes, which relates to pancreatic dysfunction. The term "type 3 diabetes," on the other hand, has been loosely used by some scientists to analogously propose that Alzheimer's disease is strongly implicated with insulin resistance in the brain.

This concept was conceptualized by Dr. Suzanne de la Monte and Dr. Jack Wands of Brown University in the year 2008. This hypothesis postulated that Alzheimer's disease may be called type 3 diabetes for it bears many similarities with glucose metabolism disorder type 2 diabetes. Their concept arises from the basic principle that insulin is fundamental to blood sugar regulation, but it is also the case with the brain. When brain cells become insulin-resistant, they lose access to glucose, impairing their function.

Research published in the Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology supports this hypothesis by indicating that insulin resistance can be a significant contributor to the occurrence of dementia, also referred to as Alzheimer's. The symptoms of memory loss and diminished reasoning are associated with impaired glucose metabolism in the body, especially in the cerebral tissue.

Symptoms of Type 3 Diabetes

Although type 3 diabetes is not a "medical term," its symptoms correlate well with Alzheimer's diseases that are known to reduce the ability to think in an efficient manner and bring down brain health. These signs are:

- Loss of memory, especially short-term.

- Poor judgment and judgment ability

- Failure in recognizing people or places familiar once.

- Failure in the process of reading, writing or processing numbers

- Anxiety, agitation, or mood changes.

- Disorganized thoughts or confusion

- Lack of impulse control

As the disease advances, patients may be afflicted with severe complications including an inability to swallow or control their bodily functions. In the final stages, most patients die from fatal complications such as aspiration pneumonia.

Causes of Type 3 Diabetes

This may not be well understood with regards to type 3 diabetes, or the exact link between insulin resistance and Alzheimer's disease. Some identified contributing factors include the following:

1. Insulin Resistance

Insulin acts as an important regulatory mechanism of brain functions such as memory and cognition. The reduction in insulin signaling may impair metabolism of brain cells, thus bringing about neurodegeneration.

2. Type 2 Diabetes

These diseases show a strong relationship and those individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes have double chances of getting Alzheimer's. In the two, the main causes can be chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and a defect in glucose metabolism.

3. Environmental and Lifestyle Factors

Insulin resistance associated with obesity, stress, and an unhealthy diet is considered a cause that may increase the chances of Alzheimer's disease.

Researches in Frontiers in Neuroscience and The Lancet Neurology have also highlighted that drugs used for antidiabetic medication may be crucial for the prevention or at least slowing down the course of Alzheimer's.

Treatments for Type 3 Diabetes

In 2022, in a study in Pharmaceuticals, researchers studied biomarker uptake in brain regions implicated in the faulty uptake and metabolism of blood sugar in Alzheimer’s patients.

Emerging Therapies

Research into such treatments as intranasal insulin has also been promising. Intranasal delivery of insulin directly to the brain has been reported to enhance glucose uptake by brain cells, improve memory, and boost cognitive performance. While such clinical trials have been shown to be successful, additional research is needed for safety and efficacy.

Medications

For patients being aggressive or agitated, antipsychotic drugs may be prescribed; however, therapies such as cognitive rehabilitation as well as cognitive stimulation therapy serve to preserve memory and executive function.

Lifestyle Interventions

Diet, exercise, and stress management are critical in preventing and managing insulin resistance. A review in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease also highlighted the benefits of Kirtan Kriya meditation, which can regulate genes involved in insulin and glucose metabolism, improve sleep, and reduce inflammation.

Can Type 3 Diabetes Be Prevented?

Although type 3 diabetes is not officially recognized, its connection to Alzheimer’s disease underscores the importance of proactive measures for brain health. Some prevention strategies include:

1. Healthy Diet

Consuming a balanced diet rich in antioxidants, whole grains, and healthy fats may support brain health.

2. Regular Exercise

Physical activity improves insulin sensitivity, reduces inflammation, and enhances overall metabolic health.

3. Stress Reduction

Mindfulness practices, including meditation, have been shown to lower stress levels, which can reduce the risk of cognitive decline.

The term type 3 diabetes brings out the complex relationship between metabolic disorders and brain health. Even though it is not a recognized medical condition, the concept emphasizes the crucial role of insulin in brain function and its possible contribution to Alzheimer's disease. Continued research will hopefully provide hope for therapies such as intranasal insulin and lifestyle modifications.

Many people tend to ignore the changes in their bodies, putting off checkups until later. Lori Harvey has taken a different path. In an exclusive conversation with PEOPLE, the 28-year-old opened up for the first time about her long struggle with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis. Speaking on the September 16, 2025, episode of the SheMD podcast with Dr. Thaïs Aliabadi and Mary Alice Haney, Harvey revealed how her symptoms were brushed aside for years before she finally received a diagnosis. She also shared what now brings her relief and helps her manage the conditions.

What Is Endometriosis?

Endometriosis is a condition in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside it. This often causes severe pelvic pain and can make it harder to conceive. The misplaced tissue can lead to inflammation and the development of scar tissue in the pelvic region and, in rare cases, elsewhere in the body.

The exact cause of endometriosis is still unknown, and there is currently no way to prevent it. While there is no cure, symptoms can often be managed with medication or, in some cases, surgery. According to the World Health Organization, endometriosis affects around 10% of women and girls of reproductive age worldwide, nearly 190 million people.

ALSO READ: Ebola Outbreak: Why African Countries Are Disproportionately Impacted By The Disease?

Recently, American model Lori Harvey opened up about her own struggle with both endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). She revealed that for years her symptoms were dismissed before she finally received a diagnosis.

“I’ve been so frustrated. I’ve been going to my gynecologist because I’ve just been feeling like something’s off in my body,” Harvey shared on the SheMD podcast. “But every time I go to her, she’s like, ‘You’re fine, you’re fine, you’re fine. Nothing’s wrong.’ And I was like, ‘But I don’t feel fine. I feel like something is just off.’”

Harvey later discovered she had been experiencing symptoms of both conditions since the age of 16, though she never realised how serious they were because her concerns were not taken seriously at the time.

Endometriosis Symptoms: What Led The Actress To Finally Realise Her Diagnosis?

Endometriosis most commonly causes intense pelvic pain, especially during menstrual periods. It can also bring discomfort during sex, pain while using the bathroom, or even difficulty conceiving. For some women, the pain is concentrated in the lower abdomen, and it may worsen during periods, intercourse, or bowel movements. Others may not experience noticeable symptoms at all, which often delays diagnosis.

For Lori Harvey, the warning sign was her extremely painful periods. “I used to have the most excruciating periods of my life. Every single time I felt like I needed to go to the hospital just crazy cramps,” she told PEOPLE. “I’m taking 800 milligrams of ibuprofen. Nothing is working. It’s just debilitating.”

Endometriosis Treatment: What Helped Lori Harvey Get Relief?

There is no cure for endometriosis, but treatments can help manage the symptoms. Options often depend on how severe the pain is and whether a person is planning to get pregnant. Doctors may recommend non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen or naproxen to relieve pain, along with other medications or, in some cases, surgery.

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For Lori Harvey, the turning point came when she began taking Metformin, a drug usually prescribed for diabetes that helps regulate blood sugar. “It completely changed my life,” she shared. The medication helped balance her hormones, allowing her to return to a more stable routine. She said she can now eat and exercise normally without the sudden weight changes that once felt “alarming.”

Many women tend to overlook the signs of conditions like endometriosis and PCOS, often dismissing them as ‘normal’ period pain or hormonal changes. But even mild or silent symptoms should not be ignored. If something feels unusual in your body, it’s important to consult a doctor early on and explore treatment options.

For four years, 24-year-old Sneha suffered from severe, one-sided headaches that felt like a storm. These attacks, which were often accompanied by nausea and sensitivity to light, left her exhausted and anxious. Living in a small town, she saw many doctors, but nothing seemed to help. Her parents watched helplessly as their once cheerful daughter spent her days in a dark room, adding to Sneha's despair.

In a recent post on social media platform, Dr Sudhir Kumar MD, shared the case of a young women who was suffering with debilitating migraines. Despite the seriousness of her condition, doctors were unable to find what could help her. But a trick that she did out of sheer desperation, turned out to be the answer to her problem

Simple Home Remedy For Migraine

One day, out of pure frustration, Sneha grabbed a cold pack, pressed it to her forehead, and wrapped a soft headband tightly around her head. To her surprise, the pain began to ease. The relief wasn't always complete, but even a little bit was enough to give her hope for the first time in years. This small "hack" made her feel like she wasn't completely helpless against her pain.

Also Read: Do This 1 Thing Before You Pop A Pill For Your Migraine, According To Pharmacist

When Sneha and her parents finally visited Dr. Kumar, they were tired but hopeful. She hesitantly told him about her simple trick, worried he might dismiss it. Instead, he reassured her that it was a safe method and explained that many patients find comfort from cold therapy and gentle pressure on the head. He told her she could continue to use it at home as a supportive measure.

Can Migraines Be Mistaken As Headaches?

After a careful evaluation, Dr. Kumar confirmed Sneha’s diagnosis of migraine. He started her on a proper medical treatment plan and, importantly, discussed preventive strategies. He advised her on simple lifestyle changes, such as getting consistent sleep, staying hydrated, managing stress, and avoiding certain food triggers that could set off her attacks.

As the doctor explained the plan, Sneha’s parents' faces filled with relief. They finally had answers and a clear path forward. Sneha herself smiled for the first time during their conversation, a genuine smile that showed she no longer felt alone in her fight against this debilitating illness.

How To Tell the Difference Between Migraines and Headaches?

Despite being a common problem, not many people know how to differentiate between a headache and migraine. According to the NKC Health organization, the key difference between a headache and a migraine is how severe the pain is. Headaches can range from a dull ache to a sharp pain, but migraines are often so debilitating that they can stop you in your tracks. A common way to remember migraine symptoms is the acronym POUND:

• Pulsating pain that throbs.
• One-day duration for a severe attack.
• Unilateral (one-sided) pain.
• Nausea and vomiting.
• Disabling intensity that keeps you from your daily activities.
• Migraines also often come with other symptoms, like a sensitivity to light

What You Should Know About Migraines

Dr Kumar highlighted several key points about migraines from Sneha’s experience.

• Migraine is a serious illness, not just a headache. It can be disabling and emotionally draining for both patients and their families.
• Simple home remedies like cold packs, headbands, and resting in a quiet, dark room can offer temporary comfort.
• These home remedies are helpful but not a substitute for professional medical care.
• It's crucial to see a doctor to get a proper diagnosis, the right treatment, and personalized advice on prevention.

The recent outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease, with confirmed 81 cases have brought this question again to the world: Why are African countries disproportionately impacted by Ebola Outbreaks?

The Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreaks have periodically occurred in affected regions of West and sub-Saharan Africa since the emergence of EVD in 1976. It continues to remain endemic in these regions to this day, whereas, it has been eradicated from other areas.

To understand why certain regions are disproportionately impacted, we must understand these followings.

Pathology Of The Virus

Ebola’s incubation period can last from 2 to 21 days, but transmission begins only when symptoms appear. Once it strikes, the disease moves swiftly. Without supportive care, like IV fluids, antibiotics, dialysis, or specialized infection control, the fatality rate can soar up to 70% in places like Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea. Compare that to the 2014 Ebola scare in the United States: nine cases, just one death, and zero spread beyond the initial outbreak. The contrast underscores a painful truth, Ebola is not only a medical problem but also a systemic one.

The Lack Of Resources

In countries like the US, hospitals are equipped with rehydration tools, multiple blood pressure medications, and well-trained doctors. They also have strict infection control systems to prevent the disease from moving beyond hospital walls.

In contrast, in many West African facilities, even the most basic supplies can run out. During the 2014 West Africa outbreak, some hospitals stocked just one type of blood pressure drug, hardly enough to save lives when patients’ bodies responded differently.

Also Read: Ebola Outbreak Update: Vaccines Continue To Arrive As Congo Yet Again Becomes Disease Hotspot

The disparity in staffing is equally grim. The US has about 245 doctors for every 100,000 people. Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea? Just 1.4, 2.2, and 10 per 100,000, respectively, notes University of Michigan's School of Public Health. In a disease outbreak where immediate and skilled intervention can mean the difference between containment and chaos, this shortage is devastating.

Violence and Distrust: The Invisible Enemy

But Ebola doesn’t just thrive on weak health systems, it feeds on broken trust. Many African nations hardest hit by Ebola have been scarred by years of civil conflict. Public health systems, roads, and communications were already fragile before the virus appeared. In Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Liberia, the memory of political violence and neglect fueled deep distrust of governments and outsiders.

During the 2014–2016 epidemic, attacks on doctors and aid workers became common. Rumors spread faster than the virus: some communities believed Ebola was a foreign invention, others feared that medical workers were spreading it deliberately. When burial traditions, like washing and touching the dead, were discouraged by officials, resistance turned violent, noted the report by University of Michigan. Cultural clashes and misinformation made every effort to contain the disease harder, often putting lives at even greater risk.

Why Ebola Persists

Ebola remains endemic in parts of Africa because it is more than a virus, it’s a reflection of the gaps in public health, governance, and community trust. The combination of limited resources, dangerously low numbers of medical staff, fragile infrastructures, and deep-seated distrust creates a cycle where each outbreak threatens to become a catastrophe.

Until these systems are rebuilt, hospitals resourced, communities engaged, and trust restored, Ebola will continue to lurk, waiting for its next chance to reemerge.