Dengue is no longer the seasonal tropical infection many once assumed it to be, it has become a global health threat with alarming reach. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), dengue cases rose eight-fold between 2000 and 2019.

In 2023 alone, more than 5 million cases were reported across 80 countries. By mid-2024, that number had more than doubled in the Americas, with 10.6 million cases and counting. Experts warn the real figure is much higher due to underreporting and misdiagnosis.

No longer just a tropical disease

Traditionally, dengue was confined to tropical and subtropical zones. But today, nearly half the world’s population, 4 billion people, live in areas at risk. Outbreaks are now appearing in unexpected places, including Europe and parts of the United States. Warmer, wetter climates linked to climate change, combined with rapid urbanization and global travel, have allowed Aedes mosquitoes to expand their territory. In São Paulo, Brazil, dengue cases even extended into the winter months of 2023, defying the usual seasonal pattern.

Shifting patterns and stronger strains

All four dengue virus types (DENV-1 to DENV-4) still circulate, but their distribution and dominance are shifting. In São Paulo, a 2023 study revealed that more than 93% of infections were caused by DENV-1, with cases rising significantly during unusual weather conditions.

The persistence of high rainfall and moderate temperatures has created near year-round breeding grounds for mosquitoes. These changes mean dengue is no longer predictable, it now surges outside typical monsoon or summer cycles.

Dengue isn’t just a childhood disease anymore

One striking shift is who is getting severely ill. Dengue was once seen largely as a childhood infection, but doctors are reporting a surge in adult patients requiring intensive care. Even previously healthy adults are landing in ICUs with complications like fluid leakage, internal bleeding, and organ damage

This shift may be due to viral evolution and repeated exposures, while a first dengue infection often causes mild to moderate symptoms, a second infection with a different subtype can trigger severe, even life-threatening illness.

Read: What Makes Flu Season 2025 Different? Unique Symptoms Of Flu In 2025 And How Long The Infection Lasts

New and unique symptoms emerging

While dengue has long been nicknamed “break-bone fever” for its intense joint and muscle pain, new clinical patterns are being reported:

Prolonged illness: Earlier, many patients recovered within 5–7 days. Now, fatigue, low platelet counts, and weakness can drag on for 2–3 weeks in some cases.

Severe abdominal pain and vomiting: Doctors highlight these as early warning signs of severe dengue.

Dengue shock syndrome: A dangerous complication where plasma leakage leads to a sharp drop in blood pressure. Without urgent medical care, it can turn fatal within hours.

Unusual neurological and liver involvement: Some studies point to rising cases of encephalitis and liver complications, adding complexity to diagnosis and treatment.

These evolving symptoms are making dengue harder to distinguish from other viral illnesses like influenza or COVID-19, often delaying proper treatment.

Why dengue lasts longer now

The duration of dengue symptoms is also changing. While mild dengue typically clears in about a week, experts note that complications, prolonged weakness, and “post-dengue fatigue” are increasingly common. Climate-driven longer mosquito breeding seasons and multiple infections over a lifetime mean more people are being hit harder and taking longer to recover.

Drivers behind the surge

Three major factors fuel this crisis:

• Climate change – Warmer temperatures and heavier rainfall extend mosquito breeding seasons and expand their habitats.
• Urbanization – Poor drainage, construction sites, and stagnant water provide breeding hotspots.
• Global mobility – Increased travel spreads the virus to new regions rapidly.

Prevention remains the strongest weapon

Despite rising cases and changing patterns, dengue remains preventable. Avoiding mosquito bites, through repellents, protective clothing, and eliminating stagnant water, is still the best defense. Vaccines exist but are currently limited to certain age groups with prior dengue exposure. Experts stress early recognition of symptoms and prompt medical care as the difference between recovery and life-threatening complications.

Nicotine pouches have become popular in the UK, show many studies, this is especially true in the case of young adults.

In fact, a new study done by the researches from University College London (UCL) has found that in the last five years, there has been an increase from 0.1 per cent to 1 per cent of adults using nicotine pouches. This means, around 522,000 more people in the UK have started using the pouches.

How Does A Nicotine Pouch Work?

The pouches are placed between the lip and gum and it releases nicotine slowly. The pouches are also available in variety of flavors, with sweeteners and plant-based fibers. It does not contain tobacco like vapes do and usually are considered to be a healthier alternative to smoking.

Health and Me ran a fact check on whether it truly is safer than smoking, and here is what we found.

Are Nicotine Pouches Safer Than Smoking?

"This risks are substantially less than some other nicotine products like smoking, because there is no tobacco and there is no combustion," said Dr Harry Tattan-Birch, the lead author of the study, to Mornings with Ridge and Frost.

"And we know the combustion of tobacco is the thing that causes most of the diseases related to smoking," he says.

However, he and his team has warned that while it may not cause serious illness like tobacco can, young people could have a negative impact in their lungs and brains, as they are still in developing stage. This makes them more sensitive to the effects of nicotine, and it could become difficult to stop using it.

A UCL research fellow earlier told Sky News that while nicotine pouches are far less harmful than smoking, their long-term effects remain unclear because they are relatively new. Drawing on what is known about their contents, she noted they are not risk-free, as users are still exposed to some toxic substances, albeit at much lower levels.

Who Are Using These Nicotine Pouches?

Researchers from UCL, supported by Cancer Research UK, analysed survey responses from 127,793 people aged 16 and above across England, Scotland and Wales, collected between October 2020 and March 2025.

Their analysis showed that nicotine pouch use among 16 to 24-year-olds rose to 4% in 2025, up from just 0.7% in 2022. The increase was most pronounced among young men, with one in 13 men in this age group, or 7.5%, reporting use.

Overall, men accounted for 72% of nicotine pouch users between 2022 and 2025, while 47% were under the age of 25. Dr Tattan-Birch said the growth in use has been driven almost entirely by young people, particularly young men, with usage among adults over 35 remaining low and largely unchanged.

He added that this trend also includes children. Since nicotine pouches are not classified as tobacco or vape products, there are currently no age limits. Advertising is also unrestricted, allowing brightly coloured, sweet-flavoured products to appeal to younger audiences.

Do Nicotine Pouches Help Quit Smoking?

The research found that 69 per cent of pouch users were reported using other nicotine products, while 56 per cent of them smoked, as per the survey from January 2022 to March 2025.

1 in 6, which makes it 16 per cent said they never regularly smoked. "Whether nicotine pouches are good or bad for public health depends on who is using them. If it's a young person who would otherwise start smoking, then the use of pouches might help to reduce harm. However, if it's a person who otherwise would not use nicotine at all, then the potential for harm increases," said Tattan-Birch.

A woman experiencing abdominal discomfort went to her gynecologist for an ultrasound, only to discover something far more startling than a baby. The mom, who shares her story on TikTok under the handle @sandwitchbread, revealed her medical surprise in a video that has now amassed over 1.9 million views. She said she had been struggling with pain and unusual bleeding since giving birth to her two-year-old son and decided to see a gynecologist fearing she might be pregnant again.

During the ultrasound, she noticed something on the screen, but the doctor quickly reassured her it wasn’t a baby. “When my doctor came in to share the results,” the TikToker recalled, “she looked me in the eyes and told me I had a seven-centimeter cyst, about the size of a chicken egg, called a dermoid cyst.”

What Is A Dermoid Cyst?

A dermoid cyst is a pocket of tissue growth that can contain normal body tissues, sometimes including hair, fluid, teeth, or skin. While this TikToker’s cyst was in her uterus, dermoid cysts are most commonly found in the ovaries. They are generally harmless but often require surgical removal. According to the National Cancer Institute, dermoid cysts are present from birth but may not be detected until later in life. These benign tumors originate from embryonic cells that become “trapped” and develop into tissues in the wrong location. Teeth and hair are frequent components, and surgery is usually recommended if the cyst causes symptoms or complications.

Why Do Dermoid Cysts Have Hair and Teeth?

Dermoid cysts develop hair and teeth because they arise from trapped embryonic cells (ectoderm) that can grow into skin, hair follicles, sweat glands, and even teeth, instead of forming the tissues normally found in the ovary or skin. Essentially, they are benign tumors made up of mature but misplaced body tissues from the outer layer of the embryo, which normally forms skin and related structures.

Dermoid Cysts: Symptoms

Most ovarian dermoid cysts remain symptom-free unless complications occur. When symptoms do appear, the most common one reported is lower abdominal pain.

As the cyst enlarges, it can cause noticeable abdominal swelling and problems with the urinary or digestive system.

In more severe cases, individuals might also experience:

• Fever
• Intense abdominal pain
• Unusual vaginal bleeding
• Unexplained weight loss

The Office on Women’s Health notes that cysts on the ovaries can also cause:

• Pressure in the abdomen
• Bloating
• Abdominal swelling
• Pain in the lower abdomen

Dermoid Cysts: Possible Complications

Some potential complications include:

Rupturing of the cyst: Though rare, ovarian dermoid cysts can burst. If the cyst’s contents leak into the abdominal cavity, it may lead to chronic inflammation of the abdominal lining (peritonitis). In some cases, leakage into the intestines or rectum can result in the material being expelled through the anus.

Ovarian torsion: This occurs when the cyst twists the ligaments holding the ovary in place, which can cut off blood supply to the ovary and fallopian tube.

Infection: The risk of infection is around 1–4%. Severe infections may lead to cyst rupture.

Malignant transformation: Dermoid cysts are almost always benign, but in rare instances, they can become cancerous.

A new weight-loss drug often described as the “triple G” treatment because it mimics three hormones linked to hunger and metabolism has delivered striking results in fresh data shared Thursday by its developer, Eli Lilly. In a clinical study involving more than 400 people living with obesity and knee osteoarthritis, the experimental drug retatrutide led to an average weight reduction of 71 pounds, or close to 29% of total body weight, over a period of 16 months, according to figures released by the company. Participants who received retatrutide also reported a 76% drop in knee pain by the end of the study period, based on the same data. So is

What Is Retatrutide?

Retatrutide is an experimental weight-loss drug developed by Eli Lilly and is widely seen as a next-step advancement beyond current GLP-1-based medications such as semaglutide and tirzepatide. While semaglutide acts on a single hormone pathway and tirzepatide works on two, retatrutide targets three.

It activates GLP-1 and GIP, along with an added glucagon pathway, which is why it is sometimes informally referred to as a “GLP-3” drug. Researchers believe this third pathway could explain the greater weight-loss effects seen so far, although retatrutide remains under investigation and has not yet received FDA approval.

Why Is Retatrutide Trending?

Even without regulatory approval, retatrutide has gained attention among gym enthusiasts, fitness creators, and online weight-loss communities. On platforms like TikTok, where direct searches for #reta or #retatrutide are restricted, users often refer to it using coded terms such as “ratatouille.”

At the same time, the drug has been in the news due to growing concerns about counterfeit versions. Reports from the UK recently revealed that authorities seized more than £250,000 worth of fake weight-loss injection pens labelled as tirzepatide and retatrutide from a hidden factory in Northampton. These products are especially concerning because retatrutide is still in clinical trials and has not been approved for use anywhere in the world.

How Is Retatrutide Different Than Other Weight-Loss Drugs?

Retatrutide works by mimicking three hormones that play a role in appetite and metabolism: GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon. In contrast, most weight-loss drugs currently available target only one or two of these pathways. Ozempic and Wegovy, made by Novo Nordisk, copy the effects of GLP-1, a hormone that influences the brain, pancreas, stomach, liver, and muscles, according to the National Institutes of Health.

Mounjaro and Zepbound, on the other hand, act on both GLP-1 and GIP, a hormone involved in blood sugar regulation through insulin stimulation. Retatrutide’s added glucagon effect is key, as glucagon is known to support fat burning, even when the body is at rest. Ozempic and Mounjaro are approved by the FDA for treating Type 2 diabetes, while Wegovy and Zepbound are approved for people with overweight or obesity. As with any prescription drug, it is important for individuals to consult a healthcare professional to determine whether these treatments are appropriate for them.

When Is Retatrutide Expected To Be Available To Consumers?

There is currently no confirmed timeline for when retatrutide might become available by prescription. Its launch will depend on the FDA’s detailed evaluation of clinical trial data once it is formally submitted. Based on current expectations, approval is unlikely before late 2026 and could potentially extend into 2027 or even 2028.