Seasonal changes are common, so is changes in the color of your snot, or nasal discharge. The color can tell a lot about your health. If you are confused about what it means, here's a quick guide that can help you see if you should go see a doctor.

How does it work?

The mucus in your nose protects your nose and sinuses from dust, bacteria and other environmental dangers. If you are in a heavily polluted environment, your snot may look green. If you have hay fever, it may be clear. In fact, a common cold may also cause your snot to look yellow or green. If your snot is red, brown or black, it may mean you have a nose injury, or are smoking.

What are the different color of snots?

The color varies between clear, white, shades of green and yellow, red and pink, shades of brown and orange and lastly black.

What is considered normal?

A clear snot is considered "normal" or healthy. Rhinitis or swelling of the mucosal membrane in the nose is a common cause of increased snot production , which could be clear.

There are various types of rhinitis, for instance allergic rhinitis or hay fever could also cause a clear snot. But how to know if it is a sign of hay fever if the color does not differ? You will notice that you have a runny nasal discharge and may feel a bit ill. However, there is nothing to worry as allergies are not caused by a virus. They are rather symptoms in your body's response to irritants like pollen, or animal fur, or dust mites.

Some can experience rhinitis without allergen exposure, which is what is known as the nonallergic rhinitis.

What does white snot mean?

If your nose feels stuffy, congested, then you may notice white snot. This can cause snot to lose its watery content, making it look white from a clear snot. This can sometimes be thick and cloudy too and may sign towards having a cold or an infection.

The common cold is also a frequent cause of white-colored snot. Your symptoms will usually develop a few days, usually two to three days after the exposure to virus.

What does yellow snot mean?

It indicates that your body is fighting an infection. The color yellow comes from the white blood cells which rush to kill the germs. Once the cells have done their, these cells are discarded in snot, which gives it a yellow shade.

What does green snot mean?

It means that your immune system has kicked in high gear to fight infection. The same white blood cells that fight the infection also includes other waste products, which gives it a green color.

Should you see a doctor? Sometimes it may not be a risky thing, and could just be a common virus and other foreign bodies present in the nasal passage.

What to do if you have red or pink snot?

It means that there is a sign of blood in your snot. This could happen because you have blown your nose too hard, or picked it too hard, scratching the surface, or had a hit to the nose.

What can be done?

• Apply Vaseline or another ointment to the nasal passages
• Using saline nose spray or gel to add moisture to your nasal tissues
• Trimming fingernails to prevent scratching your nose
• Adding moisture to the air with a humidifier
• Blowing nose gently

Brown or black snot and what it means?

Brown may indicate that the blood is exiting the body or is the old blood. It could also mean that you have accidentally inhaled something hot like paprika, or dust. However, if it persists, it is best to go see a doctor.

However, if you have black snot, you should definitely go see a doctor. This means that you are either a smoker, or using drugs. It could also be a fungal infection.

There are four types of fungal infection that can cause black snot:

Mycetoma fungal sinusitis: this happens from clumps of spores invading the sinus cavities

Allergic fungal sinusitis: this happens to people with a history of allergic rhinitis

Chronic indolent sinusitis: mostly found outside the US

Fulminant sinusitis: this could cause damage to the sinuses and the bony area that contains eyeballs and brain

When to see a doctor?

• If you have yellow snot with a fever that lasts for than 3 days
• a discolored snot with headache and burning eyes
• a discolored snot and swelling around the eyes
• black snot

A surprising rise in unplanned pregnancies among women taking popular weight-loss medications such as Ozempic, Wegovy, and Mounjaro has prompted global health authorities to issue a clear warning0- use effective contraception. The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) in the UK has released its first public alert linking the use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) with potential contraceptive failure especially among overweight users relying on oral birth control.

With more than 40 pregnancy reports associated with these medications such as semaglutide-based injectables (Ozempic and Wegovy), liraglutide (Saxenda and Victoza), and tirzepatide (Mounjaro) the data has raised alarm within the international medical community. The unforeseen side effect is sparking a pressing debate regarding reproductive health, drug safety, and the unforeseen effects of "skinny jabs" that have gained immense popularity.

These drugs in question, such as Ozempic, Wegovy, and Mounjaro, are members of the GLP-1 RA drug class. Initially developed to manage Type 2 diabetes, these medications simulate the GLP-1 hormone to control insulin levels, delay digestion, and curb appetite.

Mounjaro, which acts on a second hormone (GIP), extends this mechanism even further by increasing sensitivity to insulin and offering even stronger control over appetite. These actions make the drugs extremely useful as weight losers—but they also modify digestion and hormone balance, potentially disrupting the absorption and metabolism of oral contraceptives, particularly among overweight patients.

The MHRA specifically states that Mounjaro can decrease oral contraceptive efficacy, especially in the first four weeks of treatment and following any increase in dosage. This is a major concern for women who use the pill as their method of birth control when on these injections.

What Is 'Ozempic Baby' Phenomenon?

The real-world consequences are starting to become more apparent. Social media groups such as the Facebook group "I Got Pregnant on Ozempic," which had over 750 participants in the past year, are full of anecdotal accounts from women who were surprised to find that they were pregnant after using precautions. "Ozempic babies" these pregnancies are generating new publicity for a once little-discussed side effect of these treatments for weight loss.

MHRA records indicate 26 cases of pregnancy associated with Mounjaro, eight with semaglutide (Ozempic and Wegovy), and nine with liraglutide (Saxenda and Victoza). Although not all cases indicated whether the pregnancy was unplanned, at least two did. The trend has health officials and clinicians reassessing how contraception is counselled and controlled in conjunction with these treatments.

Contraception, Timing, and Pregnancy Risks

The MHRA and similar medical agencies now fully recommend women taking these weight-loss injections to use safe contraception—ideally combining methods. Women are asked to engage in barrier methods such as condoms alongside oral contraceptives, especially when taking Mounjaro.

In addition, these drugs are also contraindicated during pregnancy, conception, or lactation. Since there is no long-term safety information, experts advise that GLP-1 RAs may be having unforeseen effects on fetal development. The MHRA advises women to discontinue using these drugs at least two months prior to trying to conceive so that the drug has been completely cleared from the body.

Healthcare providers are also being reminded to clearly convey these warnings at the time of prescribing and to make patients fully aware of the possible reproductive consequences of these potent drugs.

The world's popularity with weight-loss injectables is on the rise, fueled partly by endorsement from celebrities, social media buzz, and increasing recognition of obesity as a disease. But that increased usage has far surpassed public awareness of the drugs' side effects—especially those related to reproductive health.

Experts caution that off-label use of such drugs, like buying them from beauty salons or internet retailers without prescription, may open more women to unregulated risks. The MHRA insists these drugs are approved to deal with certain clinical conditions and must not be used for cosmetic weight loss only.

"They are not a weight loss quick fix," the MHRA said. "They have not been evaluated as safe for use for aesthetic purposes, and improper use could have serious health consequences, particularly in pregnancy."

Serious Side Effects To Look Out For

Besides reproductive issues, GLP-1 RAs have been associated with a rare but severe complication: acute pancreatitis. The symptoms are chronic stomach pain that radiates to the back and doesn't resolve. Anyone with these symptoms should immediately consult a physician.

Prescription leaflets issued with the drugs now contain revised advice on pregnancy, contraception, and possible side effects. Both patients and healthcare professionals are asked to report any adverse effects through the MHRA's Yellow Card scheme, enabling monitoring of the safety of such widely used medicines in real-time.

Weight-loss medications such as Ozempic, Wegovy, and Mounjaro are changing lives by providing safe, health-approved solutions to obesity and diabetes. With great benefit, however, comes the burden of informed use. That means for women of childbearing age, it's necessary to know how such medications can affect fertility and the reliability of birth control.

If you are taking or thinking about taking GLP-1 medications, discuss with your doctor what kind of birth control is appropriate for you, and if pregnancy is in the cards, get off the drug well ahead of time.

While the potential of these drugs is great, their administration has to be based in science, safety, and full medical care—particularly when it comes to reproductive health.

Observed every year on June 5th, World Environment Day is the United Nations' flagship global campaign to raise awareness and drive action for the protection of the environment. The 2025 theme is "Restore Our Earth: Healthy Planet, Healthy People," highlighting the imperative to restore ecosystem degradation while reaffirming a key yet frequently forgotten reality: human health and well-being depend on a healthy environment.

As big-picture policies and corporate citizenship steal the spotlight, this year's campaign makes a formidable turn inward—encouraging people to look inward at how their daily actions impact the world around them and their own health. The link between environmental sustainability and physical health is no longer abstract. Climate change, plastic pollution, air and water pollution, and unsustainable consumer practices are linked directly to increasing rates of respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, hormonal imbalances, and even mental illness.

This section examines seemingly innocuous lifestyle trends—usual, daily behaviors that are quietly degrading the planet and quietly deteriorating our well-being. Through eating processed foods and relying too heavily on disposable plastics, how we keep our homes clean and drive to the office are also explored in this article in depth.

Hidden Dangers in Your Pantry

What you're eating may be hurting the planet—and your health—more than you realize. The food system is among the world's biggest greenhouse gas polluters, rainforest destroyers, and water consumers. But in addition to planetary harm, ultra-processed food, industrially farmed meat, and pesticide-treated produce also help to cause many chronic conditions.

Take red meat and processed meat diets, for instance. These have been associated with heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and colorectal cancer, and even contribute to more carbon emissions than their plant counterparts. Further, that chemically intensive agriculture that provides you with the glossy apples and slick uniform tomatoes so often often involves pesticides that might interfere with endocrine function and raise cancer risk in the long run.

Choosing organic fruits and vegetables, lowering meat consumption, and waste reduction are not only climate-conscious—life-saving actions. According to a 2022 study released in The Lancet Planetary Health, moving toward a mostly plant-based diet has the potential to decrease death by 20% while food emissions were reduced by as much as 70%.

Toxic Truths in Household Products

There's irony in the new cleanliness definition: much of the stuff we use to "disinfect" our homes is polluting our indoor air and putting toxic chemicals into our bodies. Most retail cleaning products have volatile organic compounds (VOCs), phthalates, and ammonia in them—all associated with respiratory problems, hormone disruption, and skin disorders.

Environmental research indicates that regular use of standard cleaning sprays greatly increases the risk of asthma, especially among women who clean regularly at home. Additionally, their production and disposal lead to water and soil pollution, so their environmental impact is also as perilous as their health consequences.

Shifting to environmental or homemade alternatives—such as vinegar, baking soda, and essential oils—not only reduces exposure to harmful chemicals but also diminishes plastic packaging loads and chemical contamination of water systems.

Expensive Cost of Fast Fashion and Overconsumption

In the era of two-day shipping and trend-based shopping, consumer behavior has accelerated—and deteriorated—than ever. The fashion sector is alone accountable for 10% of worldwide carbon emissions and is also the second-largest water user globally. Microplastics expelled in washing synthetic clothes are only one example of how the environmental impact is immense. Dyes that kill rivers in garment-making nations are another.

On the medical side, synthetic fabrics can emit endocrine-disrupting chemicals, particularly when they touch skin directly or are exposed to heat (consider activewear or underwear). In addition, fast fashion fuels labor exploitation and hazardous working conditions—drivers of worldwide public health inequalities.

Sustainable consumerism—selecting sustainable brands, wearing things for longer, repairing rather than replacing—can both cut environmental impact and exposure to toxic substances. It also facilitates improved occupational health and fairness for people involved in the supply chain.

Transport Choices

Car culture is deeply rooted in most corners of the globe, particularly in suburban US and city communities. However, each time we drive alone rather than opting for sustainable transport, we fuel air pollution, traffic jam, and greenhouse gas accumulation.

In terms of health, air pollution exposure is presently a leading risk factor for non-communicable diseases. Auto exhaust fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been linked with increased incidence of stroke, lung cancer, as well as cognitive impairment in the elderly. For children, the risk involves asthma, developmental retardation, and compromised immune system.

Walking, cycling, carpooling, or using public transport reduces not just emissions but also fits exercise into your day—reducing your risk of lifestyle diseases and building better mental health. A transition to cleaner mobility can have two benefits: it lets the planet breathe more easily and keeps your heart beating better.

Plastic, Packaging, and Endocrine Disruption

Single-use plastics are ubiquitous used to package food, water bottles, packaging, and personal care products. Convenient as they are, they are the leading cause of environmental pollution. They last for centuries before they can break down, tend to leak into oceans, and emit dangerous chemicals in the process of breaking down.

In addition to contaminating the environment, plastics also directly harm health. Chemicals such as BPA (bisphenol A) and phthalates, which are often used in plastic containers, are recognized endocrine disruptors. These may interrupt hormone development and are linked with reproductive disorders, obesity, and even enhanced cancer risk.

To protect both your health and the environment, reduce plastic consumption where possible: switch to glass containers, carry a reusable water bottle, and support brands with sustainable packaging practices.

World Environment Day reminds us that healing the planet is not only an environmental goal, it's a public health imperative. Our daily choices, magnified across homes, cities, and nations, hold huge clout. What you consume, what you wear, how you travel, and even how you wash can destroy or protect the environment and by association, your own health.

This year, let World Environment Day be more than just a moment of awareness. Let it be the start of a healthier, more sustainable lifestyle that benefits not only future generations but your own well-being today.

As Covid-19 cases see a modest rise in several parts of India, leading scientists and public health experts are urging caution—not alarm. According to Dr. Vineeta Bal, former scientist at the National Institute of Immunology, the new variants currently in circulation are not posing a serious threat.

Speaking to IndiaToday.in, Dr. Bal emphasized that while mutations and sub-lineages of the virus are still emerging, the current situation is significantly different from the devastating Delta wave of 2021.

“This Is Not the Virus of 2021”

Recalling the chaos of 2021, Dr. Bal explained, “Back then, the virus was new to our immune systems, and the population had not been exposed to it before. That led to widespread severe illness and a major public health crisis.”

Today, however, the circumstances have changed drastically. India’s exposure to the virus—through both natural infections and widespread vaccination—has helped build community-level immunity. “Most people have either had Covid or received at least one vaccine dose, if not both. That has made a big difference in how the body responds to the virus now,” she said.

Covid-19 Now Behaving Like the Flu

Dr. Bal likened the virus’s current behavior to that of seasonal influenza. “We are now continuously managing new variants as they emerge. This doesn't mean the virus is gone or harmless, but the level of threat is quite low,” she told IndiaToday.in.

Most of the fatalities currently being reported are among elderly individuals or those with pre-existing conditions. Some are also patients still facing lingering health issues from past Covid infections.

“Be Alert, Not Anxious”

While the newer variants may be more transmissible, they are not causing large-scale severe disease. “A new variant can still be virulent, but because our population has some level of immunity, the impact is much lower,” said Dr. Bal.

She urged people to remain cautious, especially when it comes to high-risk groups such as senior citizens, people with chronic illnesses, and those who were severely affected in previous waves. However, she reassured that there’s no need for panic.

Living with an Endemic Virus

Experts now agree that Covid-19 is entering an endemic stage. “If your community built immunity during 2020 to 2022, either through vaccination or infection, it is unlikely that any new variant now will cause major illness or high fatality rates,” Dr. Bal said.

This view is echoed by other leading health experts. In an earlier interview with IndiaToday.in, former AIIMS chief Dr. Randeep Guleria explained that Covid is now endemic and will behave similarly to the flu—circulating in the population with occasional spikes.

Dr. Rajiv Bahl, Director General of the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), also confirmed last week that the current rise in cases involves only mild symptoms. “People do not need to take any immediate action. They should follow normal precautions,” he stated.

The virus is still around—but the fear doesn't need to be. With vigilance, vaccines, and basic hygiene, India can manage this phase without falling into panic.