As kids, we have all heard different variations of ‘if you cry the wound hurts more’ or ‘don’t cry over spilt milk’ as this would encourage us to not focus on the pain and teach us how to regulate our emotions. While this may have been a trick for us as kids, it is true that our mental health can affect how well we manage things in life. This was also backed by a recent study that showed how our personality and outlook in life could actually affect treatment.

It turns out your mindset might play a surprisingly big part in how your asthma affects you. Recent studies are showing a clear link between how hopeful or down someone feels and how their asthma symptoms develop over time. This isn't just about feeling good; it suggests that cultivating a positive outlook could actually make a real difference in managing your breathing condition. It seems your mental state isn't just a byproduct of your health, but an active participant in its progression, offering a new avenue for improving well-being.

How Expectations Influence Asthma Outcomes

According to a study published in the journal Health Expectations, individuals who anticipate their asthma and overall health to decline tend to report more symptoms as time goes on. This isn't just a psychological effect; negative expectations were also associated with a greater reduction in actual lung function.

Tracking Optimism and Asthma

To explore this connection, researchers followed over 300 individuals diagnosed with asthma for about six months. During this time, participants completed surveys about their expectations regarding their future asthma symptoms and overall health. They also regularly underwent lung function tests and diligently kept track of their symptoms. The findings were quite consistent: the more negative a person's expectations were, the more symptoms they reported, and the more their lung function tended to decline. This clear correlation highlights the importance of patient outlook.

"Placebo Effect" and Adherence to Treatment

One compelling idea to explain these findings is something akin to the placebo effect. Imagine having a very strong belief about how things will unfold—that belief can become incredibly powerful. It can actually influence your actions and behaviors. For instance, if you firmly believe your asthma is destined to worsen, you might be less motivated to consistently follow your doctor's advice or faithfully take your prescribed medications. Your conviction about your future health can directly impact your adherence to treatment, thereby affecting your actual health outcomes.

Mental Well-Being And Physical Healing

A similar observation also made in a 2012 study published in the Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America journal. They explained that other studies have repeatedly shown that stress can actually affect how fast your wounds heal. This isn't just a small effect; stress can have a real and important impact on your body's ability to fix itself after an injury.

When you're stressed, your body reacts in certain ways, like releasing specific chemicals. These body responses to stress can directly slow down the healing process. Think of it like your body being too busy dealing with the "stress alarm" to fully focus on fixing a cut or scrape.

Beyond direct effects, stress can also indirectly make wound healing worse by encouraging unhealthy habits. For example, when people are stressed, they might not sleep well, eat poorly, or even smoke. These behaviors are known to harm your overall health and, in turn, can slow down how quickly a wound closes and repairs itself. So, stress can lead to actions that further hinder healing.

Future Aspects of The Study

While these findings are genuinely fascinating and point to a strong link, experts are keen to conduct more studies to confirm these results. They want to ensure the findings are consistent across different groups and, more importantly, to understand the precise ways in which a patient's expectations influence their long-term health. This further research is crucial for gaining a deeper insight into this intriguing mind-body connection and potentially developing new strategies for asthma management. It's an important area for continued exploration.

One particularly vulnerable group across the UK is being strongly advised to receive up to three vaccines this season. This winter has seen a sharp rise in seasonal viruses, with the NHS warning that hospitals and ambulance services are under significant pressure due to higher demand.

This surge is largely driven by the H3N2 flu strain, known as subclade K, which is currently circulating at ‘medium’ levels but with increased activity. The UK Health Security Agency reports that flu-related hospital admissions have climbed to 7.79% per 100,000, up from 4.78% per 100,000 the previous week.

While common winter viruses such as flu, RSV, and whooping cough can cause uncomfortable symptoms for most people, certain groups face a higher risk of serious complications. These include children, older adults, people with weakened immune systems, and pregnant women.

Why You Should Get Vaccinated While Pregnant

Flu shots are highly effective at protecting both mothers and their babies, as the body responds differently to infections during pregnancy. NHS guidance notes that pregnant women are more susceptible to complications from viral infections, particularly in the later stages of pregnancy.

Infants are also at a higher risk of severe illness if exposed to viruses, which can sometimes result in mothers and babies requiring intensive care. Additionally, infections like flu can increase the risk of premature birth or low birth weight, which may raise the chance of stillbirth or neonatal death.

Posting on X, the UK Health Security Agency said that pregnant women are entitled to vaccinations against flu, RSV, and whooping cough, and advised them to consult their midwife, GP, or local pharmacist for guidance on getting vaccinated.

How Vaccines Protect Pregnant Mothers And Their Babies

Vaccination during pregnancy passes protective antibodies to the baby, giving them similar levels of defence against serious illness in the first weeks of life. This applies to vaccines for flu, whooping cough, and RSV, helping shield both mother and newborn.

Vaccines Pregnant Women Aren't Advised To Get

Pregnant women are generally advised to avoid vaccines that contain a live version of a virus, as these could theoretically infect the unborn child. However, evidence shows live vaccines do not typically cause birth defects.

The main exception is when the risk of infection is higher than the potential risk from the vaccine itself. Examples of live vaccines include:

• Yellow fever
• Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR)
• Tuberculosis (BCG vaccine)

Is It Safe To Get A Flu Shot During Pregnancy?

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists advises that anyone who is pregnant during flu season should receive the flu shot, regardless of which trimester they are in.

A flu vaccine during pregnancy can help in several ways:

Lower the risk of flu-related illness during pregnancy

Pregnancy changes how the immune system, heart, and lungs function, which can make flu infections more severe. A flu shot reduces the chance of catching the flu and lowers the risk of needing hospital care if you do get sick.

Reduce risks to the developing baby

Getting the flu, especially early in pregnancy, may increase the risk of certain health problems in the unborn baby. Flu infection has also been linked to a higher chance of birth-related complications.

Protect the baby after delivery

Newborns are more likely to become seriously ill from the flu, but they cannot be vaccinated until they are six months old. Antibodies produced after a flu shot during pregnancy cross the placenta and are also found in breast milk, helping protect the baby in the first months of life.

When getting vaccinated, pregnant women should choose the flu shot, not the nasal spray. The injection uses an inactive virus and is safe at any stage of pregnancy. The nasal spray contains a live virus and is not recommended for pregnant women.

The NHS has released an alert for people taking a widely prescribed medication used by millions across the UK. Diabetes rates are at an all-time high, with the latest data showing more than 5.8 million people currently living with the condition.

Diabetes UK estimates that around 4.6 million people have already been diagnosed. At the same time, close to 1.3 million people are believed to have Type 2 diabetes without knowing it. The number of cases continues to climb, with figures from 2023–24 showing an increase of 185,034 compared to the previous year.

What Is Metformin Used For?

Metformin is most commonly prescribed for people with Type 2 diabetes. It helps lower and stabilise blood sugar levels and is often the first medicine recommended, alongside changes to diet and physical activity. According to Healthline, it is not used to treat Type 1 diabetes.

What Is Diabetes?

Diabetes is a condition where blood sugar levels become too high. There are three main types. Type 1 diabetes cannot be prevented and is usually diagnosed in childhood. Type 2 diabetes can sometimes be prevented or managed through lifestyle changes such as healthier eating, regular exercise, and weight loss. Gestational diabetes develops during pregnancy. People with Type 1 diabetes need insulin for life, while many with Type 2 or gestational diabetes may manage their condition through lifestyle changes and, in some cases, medication.

Metformin Warning: NHS Issues Alert

The NHS says that people taking metformin should be aware of certain symptoms. Information published on the NHS website lists six common side effects of the medicine. These include:

• feeling sick
• being sick
• diarrhoea
• stomach pain
• loss of appetite
• a metallic taste in the mouth

The NHS also notes that metformin can increase the risk of vitamin B12 deficiency. Some people may experience low blood sugar, but this usually happens only when metformin is taken alongside other diabetes medicines such as insulin or gliclazide.

However, the NHS warns that there are other, more serious side effects. In two situations, patients are advised to contact their GP “straight away,” while one requires calling 999 “now.”

Metformin Serious Side Effects

According to the NHS, serious side effects are uncommon and affect fewer than 1 in 10,000 people. However, medical help should be sought immediately by calling a doctor or dialling 111 if:

you feel generally unwell with extreme tiredness, fast or shallow breathing, feeling cold, and a slow heartbeat

the whites of your eyes turn yellow, or your skin becomes yellow, which may be harder to notice on brown or black skin, as this can indicate liver problems

Metformin Serious Allergic Reaction

In rare cases, metformin can cause a severe allergic reaction known as anaphylaxis. The NHS advises calling 999 immediately if:

• your lips, mouth, throat, or tongue suddenly swell
• you are breathing very quickly or struggling to breathe, including wheezing or feeling as though you are choking
• your throat feels tight or you have difficulty swallowing
• your skin, tongue, or lips turn blue, grey, or pale, which may be easier to spot on the palms or soles in people with darker skin
• you suddenly feel confused, very drowsy, or dizzy
• someone collapses and cannot be woken
• a child becomes limp, floppy, or unusually unresponsive, with difficulty holding up their head or focusing

The NHS adds that you or the affected person may also develop a rash that is swollen, raised, itchy, blistered, or peeling. These signs point to a serious allergic reaction and may require urgent hospital treatment.

The public is being advised to limit close contact with others if they experience flu or Covid symptoms, as the NHS braces for a challenging winter ahead. A mutated, or “drifted”, version of the H3N2 flu strain is fuelling a faster and earlier rise in infections and hospital admissions in 2025. Dr Conall Watson, Consultant Epidemiologist at the UK Health Security Agency, has urged those who are eligible to get vaccinated at the earliest.

He said there are also everyday precautions that can help protect others, especially during the festive season. “If you have symptoms of flu or Covid-19, such as a high temperature, cough, or feeling tired or achy, you should try to reduce contact with other people, particularly those who are more vulnerable. Regular handwashing and good ventilation indoors both make a difference. If you need to go out while unwell, wearing a face covering is worth considering,” he added.

This guidance becomes even more important in the run-up to Christmas, when families tend to gather and older relatives, who face a higher risk of serious illness, are often present.

Flu Symptoms 2025: Less Obvious Symptoms People Often Miss

While many flu symptoms are widely recognised, some are less commonly associated with the illness. The NHS lists ten typical flu symptoms, which often appear suddenly.

Among these, three signs that people may overlook are trouble sleeping, a reduced appetite, and feeling unusually tired or drained. During the busy weeks leading up to Christmas, these symptoms can easily be dismissed as stress or exhaustion rather than flu.

Flu Symptoms 2025: Full List of Common NHS-Listed Signs

The remaining seven symptoms listed by the NHS include a sudden high temperature, body aches, a dry cough, sore throat, headache, diarrhoea or stomach pain, and feeling sick or being sick.

At the same time, the NHS is dealing with added pressure from a surge in winter viruses alongside a five-day strike by resident doctors, previously known as junior doctors. Health leaders and the Government have called on doctors to withdraw the strike, which ministers have described as reckless and irresponsible given the strain on services.

Flu Symptoms 2025: NHS Under Pressure as Winter Challenges Mount

Home Secretary Shabana Mahmood, as per The Independent, said that strikes within the NHS “undoubtedly” put lives at risk. Speaking to Sky News’ Sunday Morning With Trevor Phillips, she said, “We want to ensure the NHS is supported through a difficult winter and this flu outbreak we are currently seeing. It is important that everyone understands what is at stake.”

She also pointed to a difference between the position taken by resident doctors’ leadership and the views of individual doctors, noting that the situation remains sensitive as the NHS navigates one of its most demanding winter periods.

Flu Symptoms 2025: Who Can Still Get Vaccinated?

The NHS provides the flu vaccine free of charge to groups considered most at risk of serious illness. This includes people aged 65 and above, those with certain long-term health conditions, and pregnant women, as per the official NHS website.

The offer also extends to care home residents, carers who look after older or disabled individuals or receive a carer’s allowance, and people living with someone who has a weakened immune system. Frontline health and social care workers are also eligible and can usually receive the vaccine through their employer.

Children are included too. A nasal spray version of the flu vaccine is offered to children aged two and three, as well as school-going children from reception through to year 11.

This is because children tend to catch and spread flu more easily. Vaccinating them not only protects their own health but also helps reduce the risk for vulnerable people around them who could become seriously ill.