Do you know what functional foods are? Functional foods are also known as "nutraceuticals". This concept has gained attention in the recent past with getting a lot of prominence in the health and wellness landscape. These are not just any foods, but have benefits that go beyond basic nutrients.

Let's figure out what they really are and why is it important for us!

What Are Functional Foods?

Ingredients that provide health advantages which goes beyond their nutritional content are known as functional foods. There are natural functional foods and fortified functional foods, each with their own health benefits.

If one wants to know about how it originated, one will have to go straight to Japan. It was in the 1980s, where foods with proven health benefits were promoted to improve public well-being in Japan. This is how the concept came into being.

Functional foods typically fall into two categories:

The first one is the natural functional foods. These include nutrient-rich ingredients like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.

Then comes the fortified functional foods, which are foods enhanced with vitamins, minerals, fiber, or probiotics. Examples include fortified milk, cereals, and juices.

What are some examples of Natural foods?

There are various categories even in natural foods too, including fruits like berries, oranges, bananas and many more. Then comes vegetables like spinach, broccoli and kale. Then, we have nuts and seeds like almonds, chia seeds, flaxseeds, whereas in whole grains, we have oats, brown rice, and quinoa. Then there is seafood, which includes salmon, sardines and fermented foods like kimchi, kombucha and kefir.

What are some examples of Fortified foods?

Juices with added vitamins.

Milk alternatives fortified with calcium or vitamin D.

Grains and cereals enriched with folic acid or iron.

Benefits of Functional Foods

The functional foods help prevent nutrient deficiencies, and are packed with essential nutrients, including vitamins, minerals, and healthy fats. Fortification also plays an important role in reducing global nutrient deficiencies.

For instance:

• The introduction of iron-fortified wheat flour in Jordan halved cases of iron deficiency anemia among children.
• Fortified foods like milk with vitamin D have helped combat rickets, a condition caused by vitamin D deficiency.

Protecting Against Diseases

Many functional foods are rich in antioxidants, which combat free radicals that damage cells. This helps prevent chronic conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer.

• Omega-3 fatty acids: Found in fatty fish like salmon, these promote heart health, reduce inflammation, and support brain function.
• Fiber-rich foods: Legumes, grains, and vegetables aid in controlling blood sugar levels, reducing the risk of obesity, and improving gut health.

Supporting Growth and Development

Certain nutrients in functional foods are crucial for children’s growth and development. For example:

• Folic acid: Fortified grains and cereals help prevent neural tube defects in newborns.
• Calcium and vitamin D: Essential for bone development.
• Iron and zinc: Support cognitive and physical growth.

While functional foods primarily aim to enhance health, their societal impact is vast. The rise of fortified foods has led to a decline in conditions like neural tube defects. Increasing access to these foods can further improve public health outcomes.

Balancing Diets with Functional Foods

Incorporating functional foods into your diet is not only practical but also essential for long-term health. Whole foods like fruits, vegetables, and legumes should form the foundation, while fortified options can help bridge nutrient gaps.

How to Use Functional Foods

Functional foods can easily integrate into your daily meals to boost nutrient intake and promote overall well-being.

• For breakfast: Add fortified cereals or nutrient-rich fruits.
• Snacks: Choose nuts, seeds, or yogurt fortified with probiotics.
• Meals: Include vegetables, legumes, and whole grains for a balanced diet.

By combining natural and fortified functional foods, you can create a diet that supports immunity, growth, and disease prevention.

Cancer is one of the most feared diseases in the world today. While we often focus on genetics or environmental pollution, it’s easy to overlook something closer to home—our daily diet. What we eat may quietly be increasing our risk of developing cancer. In a recent video that's making rounds on social media, Dr. Saurabh Sethi, a Harvard-trained gastroenterologist, on his Instagram account @doctor.sethi with 1.1million followers shared a video that highlighted six foods we often eat without a second thought—foods that research has linked to cancer development and progression.

Here’s a closer look at those six foods, and healthier swaps that can protect your health.

Ultra-Processed Meats

Think sausages, bacon, salami, and deli meats. These are convenient and packed with protein—but they come with a big catch. According to the World Health Organization, these meats are classified as Group 1 carcinogens. That means there’s strong evidence linking them to cancer, particularly colorectal cancer.

Dr. Sethi points out that the nitrates and preservatives used to keep these meats fresh can harm the gut lining and trigger cancerous changes over time. If you're craving something savory, try grilled tofu, boiled eggs, or home-cooked chicken instead.

Sugary Drinks

From sodas to packaged fruit juices and flavored iced teas, sugary drinks are everywhere. But did you know they can do more than just spike your blood sugar? According to Dr. Sethi, they also contribute to chronic inflammation—a key player in cancer. Studies have linked excessive sugary drink consumption to a higher risk of breast, pancreatic, and colon cancers.

Want something refreshing but safe? Choose coconut water, lemon-infused water, or herbal teas.

Deep-Fried Foods

Crispy snacks like fries, pakoras, and samosas are comfort foods, especially during monsoon or festive seasons. But when food is deep-fried—especially in reused oil—it can produce a chemical called acrylamide. This compound has been linked to cancer in various studies.

Instead of deep frying, try air-frying, baking, or even pan-roasting your favourite snacks. You’ll cut down on harmful compounds without compromising too much on taste.

Charred or Burnt Meats

Love a good barbecue? Be careful. Cooking meats at high temperatures, especially until they’re charred or burnt, can produce harmful chemicals like heterocyclic amines (HCAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), both linked to cancer risk.

Dr. Sethi suggests marinating your meat and adding herbs like rosemary, which can help reduce these chemicals. Or better yet, try steaming, baking, or slow cooking your meals for a safer—and often more flavorful—experience.

Alcohol

Many people assume a drink or two is harmless. But even moderate alcohol consumption can raise your risk of certain cancers, particularly breast and liver cancer. Alcohol affects hormone levels and interferes with the body’s ability to repair DNA.

Healthier alternatives? Fermented drinks like beetroot kanji, kombucha, or even plain sparkling water with lemon can keep you refreshed—without the risks.

Ultra-Processed Packaged Foods

Instant noodles, chips, and ready-to-eat meals might be a time-saver, but they’re loaded with preservatives, artificial flavoring, and very little nutritional value. Dr. Sethi warns that these foods promote chronic inflammation, which is closely linked to cancer.

Choose fresh, homemade options like oats upma, mixed veg khichdi, or millet porridge. These dishes are not only filling but also full of fiber and essential nutrients.

Don’t Forget to Move

Diet is just one piece of the puzzle. Studies consistently show that regular physical activity plays a big role in preventing cancer. Exercise helps regulate hormones, reduce inflammation, and maintain a healthy weight—all of which support your body in fighting off disease.

We have always bee advised to go with the flow and when it comes to diet, the flow means to opt for seasonal fruits. Now that summers are here too in the US, it is the season for stone fruits. The markets will be flooded with stone fruits, and they are of course worth indulging in.

More than the taste, it also has health benefits. What are those?

Stone Fruit - What Are Those?

As per the University of Florida's Horticultural Sciences Department, stone fruits are fruits with edible flesh on the outside and a stone, which is also known as the pit, which protects its seed from the inside.

These fruits are called drupes and they include peaches, nectarines, cherries, plums, and apricots. As per a 2024 report from the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), the demand for these fruits have been on the rise globally and in the US.

What Are The Health Benefits?

Cherries

As per the US Department of Agriculture, cherries have a high calorie count. In one cup of cherries, around 154 grams, 97 of it makes up for calories. It has 25 grams carbs, 2 grams protein and no fat.

It is also a good source of vitamin C, copper, magnesium, manganese, and vitamin B6 and potassium.

It is also rich in antioxidants which helps in protecting your cells from damage caused by free radicals and also reduces inflammatory processes that can put your body at risk of chronic disease.

Peaches

As per a 2014 study published in journal PLOS One, titled Archaeological Evidence for Peach Cultivation and Domestication in China, peaches have been around the world from as far back as 6,000 BC.

The USDA notes that they are low in calorie, contains carbs, protein, no fat, and also has 19% of vitamin C from recommended daily intake (RDI), 11% RDI of vitamin A, and 10% RDI of potassium.

Research, including a 2018 study published in journal Nutrients, titled Dietary Carotenoid Intakes and Prostate Cancer Risk, a 2015 study published in journal Food & Nutrition Research, titled Carotenoids: Potential allies of cardiovascular health? and a 2014 study titled Dietary intake of carotenoids and risk of type 2 diabetes, provide that peach in fact can protect against heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers, including the prostate cancer.

Plums

The USDA notes that plums have calories, carbs, protein but no fat. It provides 20% RDI of vitamin C, 10% RDI of vitamin A, and 10% RDI of vitamin K.

They are also high in anti-inflammatory antioxidants, including phenolic compounds, which protect your cells from being damaged by the free radicals.

Lychee

The USDA notes that they are rich in calories, contain carbs, protein, and a bit of fat. They are a high vitamin C source, providing 226% of the RDI. They also provide 7% RDI for folate and 10% for vitamin B6.

Apricots

The USDA notes that they contain calories, carbs, protein and no fat, providing 27% RDI for vitamin C, 64% for vitamin A, and 12% for potassium.

Note: All these fruits also contain fiber between 2 to 3 grams. Before consuming any stone fruit, please consult your doctor to ensure you are not allergic to any of them and to better understand how can it help you.

A new study published in BMJ Nutrition Prevention & Health has found that low-calorie or restrictive diets may be associated with a higher risk of depressive symptoms, particularly in men and people who are overweight or obese. The findings challenge previous research and highlight the potential mental health costs of calorie-cutting diets, especially when followed without proper nutritional guidance.

Healthy vs. Unhealthy Diets: What We Know

Traditionally, diets rich in whole foods—such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, lean proteins, and fish—are linked to lower risks of depression. On the other hand, diets high in ultra-processed foods, refined sugars, saturated fats, and processed meats are associated with a greater risk of mental health issues. However, not all diets fit neatly into these categories, and many people follow restrictive eating plans for various health reasons. This new study set out to explore whether these restrictive diets themselves may be linked to depressive symptoms.

The Study: Diet Patterns and Depression Scores

Researchers analyzed data from 28,525 adults who participated in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2007 and 2018. Participants also completed the PHQ-9 questionnaire, a standard tool used to assess the severity of depressive symptoms.

About 8% of participants reported depressive symptoms. Diet types were grouped into four categories:

• Calorie-restrictive diets
• Nutrient-restrictive diets (low in fat, sugar, salt, fibre, or carbs)
• Established diets (such as diabetic diets)
• No specific diet

The majority—87%—were not following any specific diet. Only 8% reported being on a calorie-restrictive diet, and even fewer followed nutrient-restrictive (3%) or established (2%) dietary plans.

Key Findings: Dieting and Depressive Symptoms

The results showed that people on calorie-restrictive diets had slightly higher PHQ-9 depression scores than those not on a diet. The differences were more significant among overweight individuals and men.

Overweight individuals following calorie-restrictive diets had PHQ-9 scores 0.46 points higher.

Nutrient-restrictive diets led to a 0.61-point increase in depressive scores in the same group.

Men on nutrient-restrictive diets had higher cognitive-affective symptoms (thoughts and feelings linked to depression) compared to women.

All three diet types were associated with higher somatic symptoms (physical symptoms linked to emotional distress) in men.

Possible Explanations and Limitations

Researchers noted that participants might have inaccurately reported or classified their diets. Unlike clinical trials, real-life calorie-restricted diets often lack adequate nutrients, leading to deficiencies that could affect mental health.

The researchers suggest that poor nutrient intake, weight cycling, and physiological stress might contribute to the link between dieting and depression. They also highlight the role of nutrients like omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin B12 in supporting brain function—nutrients that may be lacking in restrictive diets.

While the effects seen in the study were modest, the findings add to growing concerns about the mental health impact of restrictive diets. Experts stress the need for well-designed studies that accurately assess diet and mental health links, particularly among vulnerable groups.