By now, we all must be aware of how a mother's body changes during and even after pregnancy. What comes next is a challenging phase, called postpartum. However, it is not just the mothers, but dads too go through postpartum depression. As per the UT Southwestern Medical Center, 1 in 10 dads struggle with postpartum depression (PPD) and anxiety. According to a 2019 study published in Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience, a peer reviewed journal providing evidence-based information, titled Postpartum Depression in Men by Jonathan R Scarff defines postpartum depression as an episode of major depressive disorder occurring soon after the birth of a child. While it is frequently reported in mothers, but can also occur in father. However, there is no established criteria for this in men, although it could present over the course of a year, with symptoms of irritability restrict emotions, and depression.

Why Do Dads Experience PPD?

Fathers can also experience postpartum depression (PPD) due to various factors, including a history of depression, relationship conflicts, financial stress, and maternal depression. Sleep deprivation and disrupted circadian rhythms, known to affect maternal mental health, may also contribute to PPD in men. Additionally, hormonal changes during and after pregnancy play a role. Studies suggest that lower testosterone levels in new fathers reduce aggression and enhance responsiveness to a baby’s cries, while increased estrogen levels promote more engaged parenting. However, these hormonal shifts can also increase vulnerability to depression. Low testosterone is directly linked to depressive symptoms, and imbalances in estrogen, prolactin, vasopressin, and cortisol may hinder father-infant bonding, further exacerbating PPD symptoms.

In fact the study also goes on to note that fathers can experience prenatal depression like mothers too. While it depends on the kind of environment they are in, here are some of the common reasons why dads feel this way:

Hormonal Changes: As per a 2014 study published in the American Journal of Human Biology, titled Prenatal hormones in first-time expectant parents: Longitudinal changes and within-couple correlations, showed that fathers experience hormonal changes during and after their partner's pregnancy. The main reason is the decline in testosterone.

Feeling Disconnected: While dads also want to be part of the newborn experience, the baby usually spends most of the time with the mother. It may make them feel like they are on the "outside".

Other reasons include the pressure that a father feels. Parenting is not easy, it adds on to financial pressure, and this thought could also lead to depression. Especially, if depression runs in father's family, he is more likely to feel depressed with these changes around him. Most new parents underestimate the role lack of sleep plays in their lives. Staying up all night trying to get your baby to eat or sleep can leave you feeling sleep deprived, which could be one of the reasons why the father too may feel tired and depressed.

What Can Be Done?

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommended that postpartum depression screenings not be solely the responsibility of obstetrician, and it must be done by pediatricians too to incorporate maternal health. However, fathers too should go for such screenings. In fact, in 2020, an editorial in the Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics called on pediatricians to assess the mental health of all new parents regardless of gender.

The ray of hope here is that more and more people are talking about it and are able to recognize the depression dads also go through. The change is not just for moms, but also for dads, thus it is important that they also are taken care of.

Inner Child’ is Health and Me's new mental health series where we deep dive into lesser-known aspects of child psychology and how it shapes you as you grow up. Often unheard, mistaken, and misunderstood, in this series we talk about the children’s perspective and their mental health, something different than you might have read in your parenting books. After all, parenting is not just about teaching but also unlearning.

Teachers and parents have, for many years, branded some children as "too emotional" or "too sensitive." Behind these words, there is usually a good intention hiding a misunderstanding these children are not broken or overreacting. They have nervous systems that are designed to feel more deeply, more intensely and more tenaciously than other children.

What this actually is, is that sensitivity in children is not as much about weakness as it is about difference. Grasping that difference is important to creating emotionally healthy, resilient, and confident kids.

Why Sensitivity Isn't a Flaw?

High sensitivity is an old phenomenon. Psychologist Dr. Elaine Aron originally described the "Highly Sensitive Person" (HSP) in the 1990s, explaining that about 15–20% of the population is more sensitive to sensory input, feelings, and surroundings. Kids who meet this criterion view the world with a intensity that at times overwhelms them—but it also provides them with special strengths.

Sensitive children sense subtleties that most others do not. They can sense the tension in a room before anyone says a word, catch the smallest change in a friend's mood, or be deeply touched by music, art, or literature. The catch is that they also take on more stress, criticism, and conflict, causing adults to write them off as dramatic or breakable.

But studies indicate that this more intensive processing is not a deficiency. Instead, sensitive children tend to exhibit greater empathy, creativity, and sensitivity. Their ability to "feel big" is a double-edged sword: painful at times, but equally beautifully enriching.

Neurological research indicates that sensitive children might have variations in brain response patterns. Functional MRI scans of extremely sensitive individuals demonstrate more activation of areas associated with awareness, empathy, and emotional control.

Simply put, when most children experience sadness, happiness, or fright, the emotional reaction goes away fairly quickly. Sensitive children, on the other hand, experience the same emotion through several layers—cognitive, sensory, and empathetic. This means it's a longer, more powerful emotional experience.

Parents tend to misunderstand this as exaggeration. What's actually occurring is not an exaggeration—it's amplification. Their internal world is cranked up a few degrees, so the same emotional incident registers differently.

How Sensitivity Appears in Childhood?

All children show sensitivity in their unique way, but there are some common patterns that psychologists and pediatricians observe in highly sensitive children:

Deep emotional responses: Crying, laughter, or irritation that appear out of proportion to the context.

Profund empathy: Consoling friends, fretting about others, or even getting distressed at news reports or animal cruelty.

Overwhelmed in bustling settings: Busy classrooms, loud birthday parties, or disruption to routine can cause meltdowns.

Perfectionism and self-criticism: Sensitive children can be perfectionists, setting high expectations for themselves and crushing themselves when they fail.

Rich inner lives: They usually adore telling stories, daydreaming, or role-playing, channelling feelings through creative expression.

What adults perceive as "too much" is actually a system that has yet to master regulating or expressing its depth.

What Is The Cost of Mislabeling Sensitive Kids?

When adults dismiss a child’s emotions with phrases like “Don’t be so dramatic” or “You’re too sensitive,” they unintentionally send a message: your feelings aren’t valid. Over time, this can teach children to suppress or distrust their emotions, leading to anxiety, self-doubt, or difficulties in relationships.

Worse still, some kids start to internalize shame. They may think there's something wrong with them because they care too much, cry a lot, or require more recovery time after stressful situations.

Psychologists caution that this criticism of themselves can extend into adulthood, manifesting as people-pleasing behaviors, burnout, or difficulty setting boundaries.

Reframing Sensitivity as Strength

The major turn is to redefine sensitivity as an asset--not a shortcoming. Research indicates that sensitive children who are raised in nurturing environments end up flourishing more than their less-sensitive counterparts. They do exceptionally well in empathy-related professions, are highly creative, and tend to have excellent emotional intelligence.

This is known as differential susceptibility: sensitive children are more influenced by their environments, both good and bad. That means that criticism can cut them deeply, but praise and understanding can enable them to blossom way above the norm.

How Parents Can Support a Sensitive Child?

Raising or teaching a sensitive child needs patience and redefining expectations. Some things supported by developmental psychology are:

1. Validate, Don't Dismiss

Instead of telling a child they’re overreacting, acknowledge what they’re feeling: “I see you’re really upset. Let’s take a moment together.” This doesn’t mean indulging every emotional swing, but showing their emotions have value.

2. Teach Emotional Regulation

Sensitive kids need tools to navigate their depth. Breathing exercises, mindfulness, journaling, or even physical activity can help them move through overwhelming feelings in healthier ways.

3. Create Safe Recovery Spaces

Quiet time following school, reading nooks, or soothing bedtime rituals provide sensitive children with a space to unwind from overstimulation.

4. Support Their Strengths

Emphasizing creativity, empathy, or critical thinking helps sensitive children realize their sensitivity is an asset rather than a weakness.

5. Model Healthy Emotional Expression

Kids learn from what they see. Parents who express their own emotions openly and calmly are teaching children that feeling deeply is ordinary and navigable.

How a sensitive child is treated during early years determines their adult life fundamentally. Those who are nourished end up being empathetic leaders, artists, caregivers, or innovators. Those who are shamed end up being adults with anxiety, depression, or identity issues.

Therapists working with highly sensitive adults often trace the roots of their struggles back to childhood experiences where emotions were invalidated. The “inner child” work many undergo in therapy is essentially about reconnecting with that sensitive child, acknowledging their feelings, and offering the validation they never received.

Calling sensitive children "too emotional" isn't just missing the point—it can do lasting damage. It's an era when mental health issues are increasingly on the rise globally, and recognizing the complexity of emotions is more necessary than ever.

Rather than trying to teach children to toughen up, we need to teach them to find their way through their emotional worlds with confidence. Sensitivity is not something to be fixed it's a kind of intelligence to be cultivated.

Each child feels emotions differently, but for highly sensitive children, they feel them in high definition. They don't need to be "fixed"; they need to be guided, supported, and validated. When we shift away from belittling them as "too emotional" and towards valuing their depth, we open the door for them to become compassionate, innovative, and resilient adults.

A smartphone in the hands of a child might look harmless—useful, even. It offers parents peace of mind, connects children with friends, and provides access to learning tools. But new research suggests that early smartphone ownership could carry a hidden cost that lasts well into adulthood.

A global study involving more than 100,000 participants has found that young adults who first received a smartphone before age 13 report significantly worse mental health, including higher rates of suicidal thoughts, aggression, detachment from reality, and low self-worth. The findings, published in the Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, point to a troubling association: the younger a child is when they first own a smartphone, the greater their risk of long-term emotional and psychological struggles.

The research, led by Sapien Labs through its Global Mind Project—the world’s largest mental wellbeing database—focused on individuals aged 18 to 24. Those who had smartphones at 12 or younger consistently scored lower on the Mind Health Quotient (MHQ), a tool that measures social, emotional, and cognitive wellbeing.

Young adults who received their first smartphone at 13 averaged an MHQ score of 30.

Those who had one by age five averaged just 1—a near collapse in mental wellbeing indicators.

Symptoms tied most strongly to early smartphone ownership included suicidal thoughts, increased aggression, detachment from reality, and hallucinations.

The analysis showed the effects were consistent across cultures, languages, and regions, underscoring what researchers describe as a “critical window of vulnerability” during childhood development.

Why Early Smartphone Use Affects Mental Health?

Smartphones are not simply phones—they are portals into social media, gaming, and AI-driven feeds that shape how children perceive themselves and the world. Dr. Tara Thiagarajan, neuroscientist and lead author of the study, explains:

“Our data indicate that early smartphone ownership—and the social media access it often brings—is linked with a profound shift in mind health and wellbeing in early adulthood.”

Children under 13 appear to be particularly vulnerable to cyberbullying, poor sleep quality, and weakened family relationships, all of which can accumulate into mental health symptoms later in life. The study estimates that early access to social media accounts for about 40% of the association between smartphone ownership and adult mind health, with disrupted sleep and family strain contributing significantly as well.

How Screentime Is Impacting Kids Mental Health?

Traditional studies on screen time often focus narrowly on depression and anxiety. What makes this research stand out is its broader scope. Symptoms like aggression, detachment from reality, and suicidal ideation are not always captured in conventional mental health assessments. Yet these outcomes, according to the study, are rising sharply among younger generations and carry serious societal implications.

For instance, the proportion of young women classified as “distressed or struggling” rose by 9.5% when they received a smartphone before age 13. For men, the increase was 7%. While females often reported lower self-image and emotional resilience, males showed diminished calmness, empathy, and stability.

Are Smartphones Are A Boon Or Bane?

Since the early 2000s, smartphones have reshaped how young people learn, communicate, and build identity. Yet the same technology that holds out hope of connectivity also generates comparison, isolation, and access to toxic content. The recommendation algorithms that utilize AI technologies accelerate these dynamics, keeping kids trapped in scrolling loops that tend to replace sleep, face-to-face engagement, and family time.

While most social media sites limit accounts to people 13 and up, regulation is lax. As such, children as young as eight frequently set up accounts and partake in content intended for much older viewers.

Governments are starting to act. France, Italy, the Netherlands, and New Zealand have placed limits on the use of phones within schools. In the United States, states such as New York, Alabama, and Arkansas have enacted or proposed similar measures. Initial statistics from the Netherlands indicate these interventions enhance concentration in class, but the long-term mental health effects are uncertain.

Though the study doesn't establish causation, it can't conclusively state that smartphones lead to mental health downturns—it shows a robust and consistent relationship in various populations. Researchers note that other factors, including the COVID-19 pandemic, might have amplified these trends. Nevertheless, the size of the issue, impacting millions of young adults globally, is too large to overlook.

The argument about teen smartphone use is not merely about personal health, it's about the health of societies as a whole. Increasing levels of suicidal ideation, violence, and disconnection among young people have ripple effects, from compromised healthcare systems to reduced workforce productivity and eroded community ties.

By comparing the situation to existing restrictions on alcohol and tobacco, scholars contend that societies already possess blueprints for protecting children from dangerous substances and settings. The problem is finding the political will and interagency cooperation to apply those protections to the online world.

Mississippi health officials have declared a public health emergency after newly released data revealed the state’s infant mortality rate has surged to its highest level in more than a decade.

According to the Mississippi Department of Health, 9.7 infants died for every 1,000 live births in 2024, nearly double the latest national average of 5.6. Since 2014, more than 3,500 Mississippi infants have died before their first birthday.

Infant Mortality: A Growing Nationwide Concern

The state’s declaration highlights a broader national problem. Even in cities with advanced healthcare systems, disparities persist. For instance, Boston’s latest data shows Black infants dying at more than twice the rate of the city’s overall population, and triple the rate of White infants, despite Boston’s overall infant mortality being lower than the U.S. average.

Public health experts say the numbers underscore the deep impact of structural inequities, which go beyond individual health behaviors or access to clinical care.

“Every single infant loss represents a family devastated, a community impacted, and a future cut short,” said State Health Officer Dr. Dan Edney, who announced the declaration. “We cannot and will not accept these numbers as our reality.”

What Is Driving Mississippi’s High Infant Death Rate?

The leading causes of infant death in Mississippi include congenital malformations, premature birth, low birthweight, and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).

Racial disparities remain stark, Black infants are more than twice as likely as White infants to die before their first birthday, and recent state data suggests the gap is widening.

Declaring a public health emergency for infant mortality is highly unusual. But experts say the move is a necessary acknowledgment of the crisis.

“This elevates infant mortality to the level of urgent crisis response, which it truly is,” said Dr. Michael Warren, Chief Medical and Health Officer at March of Dimes.

Why The Emergency Declaration Matters

State officials say the declaration will allow them to act more swiftly to address gaps in maternal and infant care. Planned measures include:

• Expanding prenatal services in counties without obstetric providers
• Creating an obstetric system of care to regionalize services and improve emergency transfers
• Strengthening home visiting and community health worker programs

“Improving maternal health is the best way to reduce infant mortality,” Dr. Edney emphasized.

Experts, however, caution that focusing solely on medical interventions is not enough. Poverty, housing instability, transportation barriers, and lack of continuous care all play major roles in infant health outcomes.

Cuts To Federal Programs Complicate Response

Mississippi’s crisis is unfolding as federal funding for maternal and infant health programs faces major cuts.

The Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), a CDC program that collected state-level data on maternal and infant health, was targeted for elimination this year, with dozens of staffers laid off in June.

Mississippi had relied on PRAMS to monitor trends like postpartum care, unsafe sleep practices, and maternal behaviors before and during pregnancy. Without it, experts warn the state is “flying blind.”

“It’s willful ignorance to cut vital maternal and child health programs when we have crises of both maternal and infant mortality,” said a former CDC staffer affected by the cuts.

The Role Of Medicaid In Infant Health

Medicaid finances nearly 6 in 10 births in Mississippi, compared with about 4 in 10 nationally. The state recently extended postpartum Medicaid coverage from two months to a year, a move public health experts welcomed.

But Mississippi remains one of 10 states that has not expanded Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act. As a result, many low-income women lack coverage before and between pregnancies.

Other states that expanded Medicaid, such as Louisiana, Arkansas, and Colorado—saw declines in infant mortality, particularly among Black infants. Nationally, expansion states recorded a 50% greater reduction in infant deaths than non-expansion states.

For more than a century, infant mortality has been viewed as a reflection of overall societal health. Sociologist W.E.B. Du Bois once argued that high rates among Black families were driven by inequities in living conditions, not innate differences, a truth that still resonates today.

Mississippi’s declaration is an attempt to rally hospitals, state agencies, and communities toward a unified response.

“It will take all of us working together to give every child the chance to live, thrive, and celebrate their first birthday,” Dr. Edney said.