Staying hydrated during pregnancy is crucial, but not every beverage that quenches thirst is safe for a mom-to-be. From morning coffee to bedtime teas, the choices can get confusing. So, how do you know which drinks are actually good for you and your baby?

We spoke to Dr. Sushruta Mokadam, consultant obstetrician at Motherhood Hospital, Kharadi, Pune, who rated the most common beverages consumed during pregnancy — from best to worst — and explained what makes them safe or risky.

Water

She recommends drinking at least three litres of water daily. “If plain water feels boring, try adding slices of lemon, cucumber, or mint. Detox water can be a refreshing and healthy alternative,” she adds.

Milk

Milk is packed with calcium, protein, vitamin D, and iodine, all vital for the baby’s bone, tooth, and brain development. “Milk is one of the most wholesome drinks for expectant mothers, provided it’s pasteurized,” says Dr. Mokadam.

She advises choosing between low-fat or full-fat milk based on your dietary needs. For those who are lactose intolerant or prefer plant-based options, fortified almond or soy milk can be good substitutes — as long as they’re enriched with calcium and vitamin D.

Fresh Fruit Juices

Freshly squeezed juices provide a good dose of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. “Juices like orange, pomegranate, or apple can help boost your well-being,” explains Dr. Mokadam.

However, she cautions against overconsumption: “Juice lacks fiber and is high in natural sugars. One small glass a day is fine, but going overboard can lead to unnecessary calorie intake and affect blood sugar levels.”

Herbal Teas

Many pregnant women turn to herbal teas for relaxation or to ease nausea. “Mild herbal teas like ginger or chamomile in moderation can help with digestion or morning sickness,” says Dr. Mokadam.

But not all herbs are safe. “Avoid teas with licorice root, pennyroyal, or unknown herbal blends. Always check with your doctor before adding any herbal tea to your routine,” she advises.

Coffee and Black/Green Tea

Caffeine crosses the placenta and can affect the baby’s heart rate. “It’s best to limit caffeine to less than 200 mg per day,” warns Dr. Mokadam. That’s roughly one small cup of coffee or two cups of tea. Too much caffeine may increase the risk of miscarriage or low birth weight.

Soft Drinks, Energy Drinks, and Sugary Beverages

These are high in sugar, artificial additives, and caffeine, with no nutritional value. “They can increase the risk of gestational diabetes, excessive weight gain, or even affect fetal growth,” says Dr. Mokadam.

She advises cutting them out completely for better overall well-being.

While infertility has long been viewed as a women’s issue, experts stress that men account for nearly half of all cases. According to fertility specialists, male infertility contributes to around 40% of infertility cases, with female factors responsible for another 40%, and combined or unexplained causes making up the rest. Alarming trends show a steady rise in male infertility, largely due to low sperm count, lifestyle factors, and sexual health issues.

Dr. Avantika Vaze Parab, Fertility Specialist at Nova IVF Fertility, Vashi, Mumbai, explains that several reproductive health conditions in men can impact their ability to father a child, many of which are treatable if identified early.

Common Medical Conditions That Affect Male Fertility

One of the most common causes of male infertility is varicocele, a swelling of the veins in the scrotum that increases testicular temperature and hampers sperm production. “It often goes unnoticed but can be treated through medication or, in some cases, surgery,” says Dr. Parab.

Hormonal imbalances also play a significant role in fertility. Hormones such as FSH, LH, and prolactin, released from the pituitary gland, along with testosterone produced in the testes, are essential for healthy sperm production. Any disruption in these hormones can reduce sperm quality and quantity.

Infections of the reproductive tract, including untreated sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or illnesses like mumps during childhood, may cause long-term damage to sperm-producing tissues, leading to infertility.

When Sperm Can’t Reach the Ejaculate

In some men, sperm production occurs normally, but blockages in the reproductive tract prevent sperm from being ejaculated. “In such cases, sperm can still be retrieved directly from the testes through procedures like TESE (Testicular Sperm Extraction) or PESA (Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration),” explains Dr. Parab. These sperm can then be used in advanced fertility treatments such as ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection), allowing men to father children with their own sperm despite the obstruction.

The Impact of Sexual and Lifestyle Factors

Sexual dysfunctions such as erectile dysfunction or premature ejaculation are another major contributor to male infertility. These issues are often linked to stress, obesity, or chronic conditions like diabetes, and they can strain both fertility and relationships.

Lifestyle habits also play a major role. Dr. Parab emphasizes that smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, obesity, lack of physical activity, and exposure to chemicals or radiation can all impair sperm health. “Even when sperm are produced, their count or motility may be too low for natural conception,” she notes. In such cases, assisted reproductive treatments like IUI (Intrauterine Insemination) or IVF/ICSI may be recommended.

Genetic and Hormonal Conditions

Certain genetic disorders, such as Klinefelter’s syndrome or Y-chromosome microdeletions, can lead to very low sperm counts or even azoospermia (zero sperm count). These require specialized diagnosis and fertility support.

Breaking the Stigma Around Male Infertility

Dr. Parab underscores that infertility is a shared responsibility, not solely a woman’s issue. “For generations, men have been hesitant to seek medical help due to social stigma,” she says. A basic semen analysis is often the first step for men who are trying to conceive.

Adopting a healthy lifestyle, quitting tobacco and alcohol, eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and consulting a doctor early can significantly improve fertility outcomes. “Seeking timely medical guidance helps men take the right steps at the right time,” Dr. Parab concludes.

Pregnancy is a time when woman need to be extra careful with what they consume. There are always endless recommendations, and thus sometimes it could be difficult to separate fact from fiction, especially when it comes to protein intake. While protein is essential for everyone, however, during pregnancy, it plays a critical role in maternal health and fetal development.

Why Does It Matter?

A recent study has shown that lead has been found in popular protein powder, and the highest found in whey protein powder, or the plant-based protein powders. This is concerning, as protein are essential during pregnant as they contribute directly to the growth and development of the baby.

Proteins are made up of amino acids- body's building blocks. These amino acids help build and repair muscle and create hormones and produce enzymes.

A study published in Advances in Nutrition highlights that pregnancy is an “exceptional stage of life defined by rapid growth and development.” From just weeks after conception, the body adjusts protein metabolism to support fetal growth. Most protein deposits occur in the third trimester, reinforcing the importance of consistent protein intake throughout pregnancy.

Read: High Levels Of Lead Found In Protein Powders And Shakes, Reveals Consumer Reports

How Much Protein Do You Need?

Recommended protein intake usually varies by country, for instance in Australia, the RDI for pregnant women s around 60 grams per day, whereas 46 grams for non-pregnant women.

Are Protein Powder Safe During Pregnancy?

Yes, they are safe, unless they contain lead and other contaminants, which must be checked by the list published by the Consumer Reports and your local physician, gynaecologist and nutritionist.

There are several plant-based proteins that have the highest lead content in them, they are:

• Whey protein: Derived from milk; contains all essential amino acids. Not ideal for lactose-intolerant individuals.
• Hemp protein: Plant-based, safe for vegetarians and vegans.
• Pea protein: Plant-based, rich in branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs).
• Rice protein: Vegan-friendly, made from brown rice.

What Is An Alternative?

The RDI could be achieved with a manageable and balanced diet that includes:

Complete proteins: Lean meats, fish, eggs, dairy

Combined plant proteins: Legumes with grains or nuts (e.g., peanut butter on whole-grain toast)

A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and moderate protein sources, whether plant-based or animal, supports both maternal and fetal health. Weight gain is expected during pregnancy, and incorporating protein helps ensure that gain is nutrient-dense. For individual guidance, consulting a GP or dietitian is recommended.

Other alternatives like protein bars, or homemade bars, which use dates, nut butter, and seeds could be a healthier option as they do not contain added sugar.

Scientists have found that kids' social media use might be slowing down their brain power. A new study says that spending time on these apps could be hurting how well a tween's mind develops. This research shows that the more time kids spend on platforms like Instagram or TikTok, the worse they might do on school-related tasks later on.

How Does Social Media Affect Our Health?

The researchers found that children aged 9 to 13 who used social media more often did worse on tests that measured skills like reading, memory, and language. They were tested on these abilities two years after the study began. The results were published in a major medical journal called the Journal of the American Medical Association.

The lead scientist, Dr. Jason Nagata, explained that even using social media for a short time each day was connected to poorer results on these brain-power tests. He suggested that the brains of young tweens might be extra sensitive to social media. This means parents need to be careful about when they let their kids start using these apps and how much time they spend on them.

How Did Social Media Affect Kid’s Academics?

To figure this out, the researchers looked at information from over 6,500 children across the country. These kids were all part of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, which is the biggest study ever done in the U.S. to track how children's brains grow over time. They sorted the kids into groups based on their social media use:

• Over half (58%) of the kids barely used social media at all.
• More than a third (37%) were using social media for about one extra hour every day by the time they turned 13.
• A small group (6%) were using social media for up to three extra hours a day by age 13.

The children's brain power was measured using special tests created by the National Institutes of Health, which tested things like how well they remember information and understand language. The study found a clear, but small, drop in the test scores for kids who used social media.

• Kids who used social media for just one extra hour a day scored about 1 to 2 points lower on their memory and reading tests.
• Kids who used social media for up to three extra hours a day saw a bigger drop, scoring as much as 4 points lower.

Why Is Important To Restrict Your Child’s Social Media Usage?

Dr. Nagata explained that even though these differences seem small, they are very important because they were seen again and again across the children. Since reading and memory are the most important skills for learning, even these small dips in scores, when seen across thousands of kids, could be a problem for education as a whole.

The scientists think the problem is that social media is so fun and engaging that kids might choose to scroll instead of doing homework or reading. This time shift could be hurting their learning. The researchers stress that creating good screen habits early on can help protect a child’s learning and brain growth.

The results of this study support actions already being taken, such as schools trying to limit student phone use during the day. The findings also provide backing for bigger changes, like making the age limits for social media access even stricter than they are now.

However, the researchers want to be clear about one thing: because they were only watching the kids' behavior (it was an observational study), they can't say for sure that social media causes the lower test scores. They can only say that there is a clear association between the two.