Health and Me

Ishita Roy

COVID-19 Cases In India Continue To Surge, Kerala Tops The List

COVID-19 cases in India continue to rise, the numbers have now touched 3,758. Kerala, the southern-most state in India has reported the highest of the cases, leading with 1,400 cases, followed by Maharashtra with 506 cases. 

On Saturday, the Union Health Ministry released a data, which registered 685 more active cases, another data was released on Sunday, which reported 360 new infections, which had been recorded within 24 hours. 

Apart from that, two COVID-19 deaths were also reported during the same time, in Kerala and Karnataka. In Karnataka, a 63-year-old man who had comorbidities including pulmonary TB, squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa, and was also tested positive for COVID-19, passed away. While in Kerala, a 24-year-old woman with COVID-19 and pre-existing conditions like sepsis, hypertension, and decompensated chronic liver disease (DCLD) also passed away, reported the Health Ministry. 

As per the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare figures, in the last 24 hours, Kerala reported 64 new cases, Maharashtra reported 18, while Delhi reported 61 new cases. 

In Delhi, a 60-year-old woman who had been tested positive with COVID-19 also passed away, as per the official. This has also marked the first death in the capital during the current wave. The woman is said to have undergone surgery for intestinal obstruction, and incidentally found out that she was also COVID-19 positive. 

Gurugram too reported a spike in COVID-19 cases after two and a half years. Dr Alka Singh, who is the Civil Surgeon also urged people to not ignore flu-like symptoms. From the cases reported earlier, it has been found that people who had been suffering from flu were in fact, COVID-19 positive. 

Four new Covid-19 cases were reported in Gurugram on Sunday, bringing the total during the current surge to 23, with 12 active cases. All patients have mild symptoms and are isolating at home. The health department collected 97 samples for testing the same day.

Maharashtra reported 65 new Covid-19 cases on Sunday, bringing the total since January 1 to 814. Pune accounted for 31, Mumbai 22, Thane nine, Kolhapur two, and Nagpur one. The state currently has 506 active cases, with 300 recoveries so far, according to the health department.

<strong>ALSO READ: <a href="https://www.healthandme.com/health-news/india-records-3395-active-covid-19-cases-26-deaths-kerala-and-maharashtra-among-worst-hit-states-article-151765683" data-type="tilCustomLink">India Records 3,395 Active COVID-19 Cases, 26 Deaths, Kerala And Maharashtra Among Worst-Hit States</a></strong>

In Odisha, active cases have risen to 12, all presenting mild symptoms and placed in isolation, said Nilakantha Mishra, the state’s Director of Public Health.

Andhra Pradesh’s information minister K Parthasarathi urged people to remain vigilant amid a national rise in infections, advising caution in crowded public spaces such as railway stations, bus stands, and airports.

West Bengal registered 82 new cases in the past 24 hours, taking the number of active cases in the current wave to 287. Six people were discharged after testing negative. Updated figures from the state health department are awaited.

Punjab has six active Covid-19 cases, with five reported from Ludhiana. One death has occurred. Among the infected are two children of the deceased, who are asymptomatic and in quarantine. The remaining cases include a returnee from Kerala and two individuals who had contact with travellers from high-infection states.

In view of the rising Covid-19 cases, the Karnataka government on Saturday issued an advisory urging the public to wear masks in crowded spaces, maintain physical distancing, and follow hygiene protocols.

Union minister of state for health and AYUSH, Prataprao Jadhav, assured last week that the central government is fully prepared to manage any emerging Covid-19 situation.

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COVID-19 cases in India continue to rise, the numbers have now touched 3,758. Kerala, the southern-most state in India has reported the highest of the cases, leading with 1,400 cases, followed by Maharashtra with 506 cases. On Saturday, the Union Health Ministry released a data, which registered 685 more active cases, another data was released on Sunday, which reported 360 new infections, which had been recorded within 24 hours. Apart from that, two COVID-19 deaths were also reported during the same time, in Kerala and Karnataka. In Karnataka, a 63-year-old man who had comorbidities including pulmonary TB, squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa, and was also tested positive for COVID-19, passed away. While in Kerala, a 24-year-old woman with COVID-19 and pre-existing conditions like sepsis, hypertension, and decompensated chronic liver disease (DCLD) also passed away, reported the Health Ministry. As per the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare figures, in the last 24 hours, Kerala reported 64 new cases, Maharashtra reported 18, while Delhi reported 61 new cases. India Impacted By COVID-19In Delhi, a 60-year-old woman who had been tested positive with COVID-19 also passed away, as per the official. This has also marked the first death in the capital during the current wave. The woman is said to have undergone surgery for intestinal obstruction, and incidentally found out that she was also COVID-19 positive. Gurugram too reported a spike in COVID-19 cases after two and a half years. Dr Alka Singh, who is the Civil Surgeon also urged people to not ignore flu-like symptoms. From the cases reported earlier, it has been found that people who had been suffering from flu were in fact, COVID-19 positive. Four new Covid-19 cases were reported in Gurugram on Sunday, bringing the total during the current surge to 23, with 12 active cases. All patients have mild symptoms and are isolating at home. The health department collected 97 samples for testing the same day.Maharashtra reported 65 new Covid-19 cases on Sunday, bringing the total since January 1 to 814. Pune accounted for 31, Mumbai 22, Thane nine, Kolhapur two, and Nagpur one. The state currently has 506 active cases, with 300 recoveries so far, according to the health department.ALSO READ: India Records 3,395 Active COVID-19 Cases, 26 Deaths, Kerala And Maharashtra Among Worst-Hit StatesIn Odisha, active cases have risen to 12, all presenting mild symptoms and placed in isolation, said Nilakantha Mishra, the state’s Director of Public Health.Andhra Pradesh’s information minister K Parthasarathi urged people to remain vigilant amid a national rise in infections, advising caution in crowded public spaces such as railway stations, bus stands, and airports.West Bengal registered 82 new cases in the past 24 hours, taking the number of active cases in the current wave to 287. Six people were discharged after testing negative. Updated figures from the state health department are awaited.Punjab has six active Covid-19 cases, with five reported from Ludhiana. One death has occurred. Among the infected are two children of the deceased, who are asymptomatic and in quarantine. The remaining cases include a returnee from Kerala and two individuals who had contact with travellers from high-infection states.In view of the rising Covid-19 cases, the Karnataka government on Saturday issued an advisory urging the public to wear masks in crowded spaces, maintain physical distancing, and follow hygiene protocols.Union minister of state for health and AYUSH, Prataprao Jadhav, assured last week that the central government is fully prepared to manage any emerging Covid-19 situation.

covid-19 cases in india continue to surge, kerala tops the list

Tanya Dutt

WHO Issues Recommendations To Fight RSV In Babies- How Parents Can Protect Their Newborns

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Know All About The Candidozyma Auris, The Fungal Pathogen And A Rising Health Threat

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India Records 3,395 Active COVID-19 Cases, 26 Deaths, Kerala And Maharashtra Among Worst-Hit States

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The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued its first-ever immunization recommendations against Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) — a common but potentially deadly respiratory infection that disproportionately affects newborns and young children. With RSV accounting for nearly 100,000 deaths and over 3.6 million hospitalizations annually among children under five, these new guidelines come as a much-needed global health intervention, especially in low- and middle-income countries where access to oxygen and hydration remains limited.

As international attention shifts toward this preventable yet dangerous illness, WHO’s new recommendations bring renewed hope for parents and caregivers — offering medically backed, preventive tools that could significantly reduce RSV-related hospitalizations and infant mortality worldwide.

Though RSV may mimic the common cold in many cases, its effects in infants can be devastating. The virus is highly contagious and particularly dangerous for babies under six months, especially those born prematurely or with weakened immune systems. What begins as a mild cough or runny nose can escalate to pneumonia or bronchiolitis, requiring urgent hospitalization.

Dr. Kate O’Brien, Director of Immunization, Vaccines, and Biologicals at WHO, explains, “RSV is an incredibly infectious virus that infects people of all ages, but is especially harmful to infants, particularly those born premature, when they are most vulnerable to severe disease.”

Despite its massive global impact, RSV has been largely underprioritized in global health discussions — until now.

<h2>WHO’s First Global Immunization Guidance on RSV</h2>

In a new and landmark position paper released on May 30, 2025, WHO introduced its first comprehensive immunization guidance to protect infants from RSV. The document outlines two key immunization products:

<ul><li>RSVpreF Maternal Vaccine</li><li>Nirsevimab Monoclonal Antibody Injection</li></ul>

These immunizations were recommended for global use by the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization (SAGE) in September 2024. The maternal vaccine also received WHO prequalification in March 2025 — a move that allows UN agencies and global health funders to begin procurement and deployment across nations.

This scientific breakthrough represents more than just a pharmaceutical advance. It marks a strategic turning point in pediatric health — a chance to proactively prevent rather than react to one of the leading causes of infant respiratory distress and death.

The RSVpreF maternal vaccine is designed for administration during the third trimester of pregnancy, ideally from the 28th week onwards. Administered during routine antenatal check-ups, the vaccine prompts the mother’s immune system to produce RSV-specific antibodies, which are then transferred to the fetus through the placenta.

This passive immunity equips the newborn with a layer of defense right from birth, a critical window of vulnerability when babies are most at risk of severe RSV outcomes.

Maternal immunization is especially beneficial in countries where healthcare access is limited post-delivery, offering early protection before the baby can be brought to pediatric check-ups or immunization visits.

<h2>How Does Monoclonal Antibody Protection Works?</h2>

Nirsevimab, the second recommended intervention, is a monoclonal antibody administered as a single injection shortly after birth or before hospital discharge. For infants not vaccinated at birth, the antibody can be administered during the first health check-up or just before RSV season begins — especially relevant in regions where RSV follows seasonal patterns.

Unlike traditional vaccines that train the body to build its own immune response, monoclonal antibodies provide immediate protection. A single dose can protect infants for at least five months — long enough to cover an entire RSV season.

WHO emphasizes that the greatest benefit will be seen in babies under six months of age, though infants up to 12 months may also derive protective benefits.

According to WHO, 97% of RSV-related infant deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries — largely due to a lack of timely medical care like oxygen therapy or intravenous hydration. The rollout of these preventive tools offers these regions an unprecedented opportunity to fight RSV on the frontlines.

These immunization products can also significantly reduce hospital burden in high-income countries, freeing up pediatric intensive care units (ICUs) and reducing parental anxiety during RSV season.

The WHO’s position paper is not only a scientific guide — it's a strategic blueprint for governments, health ministries, and funding agencies to incorporate RSV prevention into national immunization programs.

<h2>What Parents Can Do to Protect Their Newborns From RSV?</h2>

While global immunization strategies are being rolled out, individual parents still play a crucial role in protecting their newborns from RSV. Here's how:

<h4>1. Ask About Maternal Vaccination During Pregnancy</h4>

If you’re pregnant, speak with your healthcare provider about receiving the RSVpreF vaccine during your third trimester. It can be safely administered as part of your regular antenatal care, and offers vital early protection to your newborn.

<h4>2. Ensure Timely Infant Immunization</h4>

If the monoclonal antibody nirsevimab is available in your country, ensure your baby receives the injection either at birth or during their first pediatric visit. In areas with seasonal RSV peaks, schedule the dose ahead of the expected surge.

<h4>3. Limit Infant Exposure During RSV Season</h4>

Avoid crowded public places during RSV season, especially with newborns. RSV spreads through respiratory droplets and contaminated surfaces, making indoor public gatherings a high-risk environment.

<h4>4. Practice Hand Hygiene and Clean Surfaces</h4>

Ensure everyone who comes into contact with your baby washes their hands thoroughly. Disinfect frequently touched surfaces — RSV can survive on hard surfaces for hours.

If your baby shows signs of difficulty breathing, rapid breathing, persistent cough, or a bluish tint around the lips or fingernails, seek immediate medical attention. RSV can escalate quickly in infants.

With WHO’s endorsement of two powerful preventive options, RSV no longer needs to be a silent killer. The combination of maternal vaccination and infant monoclonal antibodies brings renewed hope to millions of parents — especially those in under-resourced areas — who’ve long been without any effective preventive tools.

As Dr. O’Brien puts it, “The WHO-recommended RSV immunization products can transform the fight against severe RSV disease, dramatically reduce hospitalizations, and deaths, ultimately saving many infant lives globally.”

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rsv vaccine for newborns

nirsevimab for babies

maternal rsv vaccine

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rsv prevention 2025

The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued its first-ever immunization recommendations against Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) — a common but potentially deadly respiratory infection that disproportionately affects newborns and young children. With RSV accounting for nearly 100,000 deaths and over 3.6 million hospitalizations annually among children under five, these new guidelines come as a much-needed global health intervention, especially in low- and middle-income countries where access to oxygen and hydration remains limited.As international attention shifts toward this preventable yet dangerous illness, WHO’s new recommendations bring renewed hope for parents and caregivers — offering medically backed, preventive tools that could significantly reduce RSV-related hospitalizations and infant mortality worldwide.Though RSV may mimic the common cold in many cases, its effects in infants can be devastating. The virus is highly contagious and particularly dangerous for babies under six months, especially those born prematurely or with weakened immune systems. What begins as a mild cough or runny nose can escalate to pneumonia or bronchiolitis, requiring urgent hospitalization.Dr. Kate O’Brien, Director of Immunization, Vaccines, and Biologicals at WHO, explains, “RSV is an incredibly infectious virus that infects people of all ages, but is especially harmful to infants, particularly those born premature, when they are most vulnerable to severe disease.”Despite its massive global impact, RSV has been largely underprioritized in global health discussions — until now.WHO’s First Global Immunization Guidance on RSVIn a new and landmark position paper released on May 30, 2025, WHO introduced its first comprehensive immunization guidance to protect infants from RSV. The document outlines two key immunization products:RSVpreF Maternal VaccineNirsevimab Monoclonal Antibody InjectionThese immunizations were recommended for global use by the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization (SAGE) in September 2024. The maternal vaccine also received WHO prequalification in March 2025 — a move that allows UN agencies and global health funders to begin procurement and deployment across nations.This scientific breakthrough represents more than just a pharmaceutical advance. It marks a strategic turning point in pediatric health — a chance to proactively prevent rather than react to one of the leading causes of infant respiratory distress and death.What is Maternal Immunization?The RSVpreF maternal vaccine is designed for administration during the third trimester of pregnancy, ideally from the 28th week onwards. Administered during routine antenatal check-ups, the vaccine prompts the mother’s immune system to produce RSV-specific antibodies, which are then transferred to the fetus through the placenta.This passive immunity equips the newborn with a layer of defense right from birth, a critical window of vulnerability when babies are most at risk of severe RSV outcomes.Maternal immunization is especially beneficial in countries where healthcare access is limited post-delivery, offering early protection before the baby can be brought to pediatric check-ups or immunization visits.How Does Monoclonal Antibody Protection Works?Nirsevimab, the second recommended intervention, is a monoclonal antibody administered as a single injection shortly after birth or before hospital discharge. For infants not vaccinated at birth, the antibody can be administered during the first health check-up or just before RSV season begins — especially relevant in regions where RSV follows seasonal patterns.Unlike traditional vaccines that train the body to build its own immune response, monoclonal antibodies provide immediate protection. A single dose can protect infants for at least five months — long enough to cover an entire RSV season.WHO emphasizes that the greatest benefit will be seen in babies under six months of age, though infants up to 12 months may also derive protective benefits.According to WHO, 97% of RSV-related infant deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries — largely due to a lack of timely medical care like oxygen therapy or intravenous hydration. The rollout of these preventive tools offers these regions an unprecedented opportunity to fight RSV on the frontlines.These immunization products can also significantly reduce hospital burden in high-income countries, freeing up pediatric intensive care units (ICUs) and reducing parental anxiety during RSV season.The WHO’s position paper is not only a scientific guide — it's a strategic blueprint for governments, health ministries, and funding agencies to incorporate RSV prevention into national immunization programs.What Parents Can Do to Protect Their Newborns From RSV?While global immunization strategies are being rolled out, individual parents still play a crucial role in protecting their newborns from RSV. Here's how:1. Ask About Maternal Vaccination During PregnancyIf you’re pregnant, speak with your healthcare provider about receiving the RSVpreF vaccine during your third trimester. It can be safely administered as part of your regular antenatal care, and offers vital early protection to your newborn.2. Ensure Timely Infant ImmunizationIf the monoclonal antibody nirsevimab is available in your country, ensure your baby receives the injection either at birth or during their first pediatric visit. In areas with seasonal RSV peaks, schedule the dose ahead of the expected surge.3. Limit Infant Exposure During RSV SeasonAvoid crowded public places during RSV season, especially with newborns. RSV spreads through respiratory droplets and contaminated surfaces, making indoor public gatherings a high-risk environment.4. Practice Hand Hygiene and Clean SurfacesEnsure everyone who comes into contact with your baby washes their hands thoroughly. Disinfect frequently touched surfaces — RSV can survive on hard surfaces for hours.5. Watch for Warning SignsIf your baby shows signs of difficulty breathing, rapid breathing, persistent cough, or a bluish tint around the lips or fingernails, seek immediate medical attention. RSV can escalate quickly in infants.With WHO’s endorsement of two powerful preventive options, RSV no longer needs to be a silent killer. The combination of maternal vaccination and infant monoclonal antibodies brings renewed hope to millions of parents — especially those in under-resourced areas — who’ve long been without any effective preventive tools.As Dr. O’Brien puts it, “The WHO-recommended RSV immunization products can transform the fight against severe RSV disease, dramatically reduce hospitalizations, and deaths, ultimately saving many infant lives globally.”

who issues recommendations to fight rsv in babies- how parents can protect their newborns

Candidozyma Auris, The Fungal Pathogen And A Rising Health Threat

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As the world is struggling with the rising COVID-19 cases, another global health threat may be lingering, notes UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), it is the <span>Candidozyma auris</span>. 

It is a recently discovered fundus, notes the UKHSA, and is a type of microorganism, which can make you ill. We are often surrounded by fungi, but do not realise it. However, there may be some kind which could pose significant health threats and can also spread silently, even in hospitals. This is Candidozyma auris, or the C. auris, which was formerly known as Candida auris. 

C. auris rarely causes infections in healthy people but can be dangerous for those in hospitals—especially patients who are critically ill, have been admitted for long periods, or have weakened immune systems. First discovered in 2009 in a patient’s ear in Japan, it has since spread to over 40 countries across six continents. What makes C. auris particularly worrisome is its ability to survive on surfaces for extended periods, including in hospital settings, and its resistance to many commonly used treatments and disinfectants.

C. auris mainly spreads through contact with contaminated surfaces, medical equipment, or directly from people who carry the <span>fungus</span>. Some individuals may have C. auris on their skin without showing symptoms—this is called colonisation. However, if the fungus enters the body through a wound or medical device like a catheter or drip, it can lead to infection.

In healthcare settings, C. auris can easily pass from one person to another. Colonisation can happen simply by touching surfaces or items that carry the fungus. It has been found on various hospital objects, including bedside equipment, radiators, sinks, windowsills, and medical tools such as thermometers, blood pressure cuffs, and stethoscopes.

<h4>What Are The Illnesses Caused By C. auris?</h4>

C. auris infections can vary in severity. Some people may carry the fungus without any symptoms, while others can develop serious infections in the blood, brain, spinal cord, bones, abdomen, wounds, ears, lungs, or urinary tract. Even those without symptoms can still develop an infection later or spread the fungus to others.

C. auris mainly affects people in hospitals or other healthcare settings, particularly those with weakened immune systems. This includes:

<ul><li>Patients who have received medical care abroad in the past year, especially from countries with ongoing C. auris outbreaks</li><li>Individuals with long hospital stays</li><li>Patients using medical devices that go inside the body (like catheters or IV lines)</li><li>People in intensive care units</li><li>Those who have taken certain antibiotics previously</li><li>People who are colonised (carrying the fungus without symptoms) can do so for months or even years, putting them at ongoing risk of infection and making it easier for the fungus to spread to others.</li></ul>

Candidozyma Auris

uk health news

fungal infection

fungus

As the world is struggling with the rising COVID-19 cases, another global health threat may be lingering, notes UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), it is the Candidozyma auris. It is a recently discovered fundus, notes the UKHSA, and is a type of microorganism, which can make you ill. We are often surrounded by fungi, but do not realise it. However, there may be some kind which could pose significant health threats and can also spread silently, even in hospitals. This is Candidozyma auris, or the C. auris, which was formerly known as Candida auris. C. auris rarely causes infections in healthy people but can be dangerous for those in hospitals—especially patients who are critically ill, have been admitted for long periods, or have weakened immune systems. First discovered in 2009 in a patient’s ear in Japan, it has since spread to over 40 countries across six continents. What makes C. auris particularly worrisome is its ability to survive on surfaces for extended periods, including in hospital settings, and its resistance to many commonly used treatments and disinfectants.How Does It Spread?C. auris mainly spreads through contact with contaminated surfaces, medical equipment, or directly from people who carry the fungus. Some individuals may have C. auris on their skin without showing symptoms—this is called colonisation. However, if the fungus enters the body through a wound or medical device like a catheter or drip, it can lead to infection.In healthcare settings, C. auris can easily pass from one person to another. Colonisation can happen simply by touching surfaces or items that carry the fungus. It has been found on various hospital objects, including bedside equipment, radiators, sinks, windowsills, and medical tools such as thermometers, blood pressure cuffs, and stethoscopes.What Are The Illnesses Caused By C. auris?C. auris infections can vary in severity. Some people may carry the fungus without any symptoms, while others can develop serious infections in the blood, brain, spinal cord, bones, abdomen, wounds, ears, lungs, or urinary tract. Even those without symptoms can still develop an infection later or spread the fungus to others.Who is at risk?C. auris mainly affects people in hospitals or other healthcare settings, particularly those with weakened immune systems. This includes:Patients who have received medical care abroad in the past year, especially from countries with ongoing C. auris outbreaksIndividuals with long hospital staysPatients using medical devices that go inside the body (like catheters or IV lines)People in intensive care unitsThose who have taken certain antibiotics previouslyPeople who are colonised (carrying the fungus without symptoms) can do so for months or even years, putting them at ongoing risk of infection and making it easier for the fungus to spread to others.

FDA Greenlights Tryptyr for Treating Dry Eye Disease

FDA approves Tryptyr for Dry Eyes Disease

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The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Tryptyr (acoltremon ophthalmic solution), the first-in-class TRPM8 receptor agonist, for the treatment of both the signs and symptoms of <span>dry eye disease</span> (DED). This approval marks a significant milestone for patients struggling with limited treatment options and persistent discomfort.

<h4>A New Approach to Managing Dry Eye</h4>

Dry eye disease has long been challenging to treat due to slow onset of relief, poor patient adherence, and general dissatisfaction with existing therapies. Tryptyr offers a novel mechanism of action by stimulating corneal sensory nerves, which helps rapidly boost the eye's natural tear production. The solution will be distributed in single-dose vials, with the recommended dosage being one drop in each eye, twice daily.

<h4>Promising Results from Clinical Trials</h4>

The FDA’s approval was based on data from two phase 3 clinical trials—COMET-2 and COMET-3—involving over 930 patients with a history of dry eye disease. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either Tryptyr or a vehicle solution.

The trials demonstrated significant improvements in natural tear production as early as Day 1. By Day 14, 42.6% of participants in COMET-2 and 53.2% in COMET-3 experienced a ≥10-mm increase in tear production, compared to only 8.2% and 14.4%, respectively, in the control groups. The treatment's effectiveness was consistent through Day 90. The most common side effect reported was mild to moderate pain at the instillation site.

<h4>Expert Reactions and Future Availability</h4>

Dr. Marjan Farid, professor of ophthalmology at the University of California, Irvine, called the approval a meaningful advancement in dry eye management, as is also reported by the US News. “Tryptyr is the first eye drop that stimulates corneal nerves to directly address tear deficiency—a known cause of dry eye disease,” she said in a statement.

The treatment is expected to be launched in the U.S. by Alcon in the third quarter of 2025.

Dry eye disease, also known by terms like dry eye syndrome (DES), ocular surface disease (OSD), and keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), is one of the most common reasons people visit eye doctors. The Tear Film and Ocular Surface Society (TFOS) defines DED as a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface characterized by tear film instability, hyperosmolarity, inflammation, and neurosensory issues.

The tear film itself is about 2 to 5.5 µm thick and is made up of three main components:

<strong>Lipid layer: </strong>Produced by the meibomian glands to reduce tear evaporation.

<strong>Aqueous layer: </strong>The thickest layer, produced by lacrimal glands and responsible for providing hydration and nutrients.

<strong>Mucin layer: </strong>Created by conjunctival goblet cells to help tears spread evenly over the eye’s surface.

While "DES" is commonly used by both patients and clinicians, "DED" better reflects the complex nature of the condition. It accounts for various causes—ranging from evaporative issues to tear deficiency—offering a more comprehensive framework for diagnosis and treatment.

With the approval of Tryptyr, the future of dry eye treatment appears more hopeful than ever.

US health news

dry eye disease

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The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Tryptyr (acoltremon ophthalmic solution), the first-in-class TRPM8 receptor agonist, for the treatment of both the signs and symptoms of dry eye disease (DED). This approval marks a significant milestone for patients struggling with limited treatment options and persistent discomfort.A New Approach to Managing Dry EyeDry eye disease has long been challenging to treat due to slow onset of relief, poor patient adherence, and general dissatisfaction with existing therapies. Tryptyr offers a novel mechanism of action by stimulating corneal sensory nerves, which helps rapidly boost the eye's natural tear production. The solution will be distributed in single-dose vials, with the recommended dosage being one drop in each eye, twice daily.Promising Results from Clinical TrialsThe FDA’s approval was based on data from two phase 3 clinical trials—COMET-2 and COMET-3—involving over 930 patients with a history of dry eye disease. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either Tryptyr or a vehicle solution.The trials demonstrated significant improvements in natural tear production as early as Day 1. By Day 14, 42.6% of participants in COMET-2 and 53.2% in COMET-3 experienced a ≥10-mm increase in tear production, compared to only 8.2% and 14.4%, respectively, in the control groups. The treatment's effectiveness was consistent through Day 90. The most common side effect reported was mild to moderate pain at the instillation site.Expert Reactions and Future AvailabilityDr. Marjan Farid, professor of ophthalmology at the University of California, Irvine, called the approval a meaningful advancement in dry eye management, as is also reported by the US News. “Tryptyr is the first eye drop that stimulates corneal nerves to directly address tear deficiency—a known cause of dry eye disease,” she said in a statement.The treatment is expected to be launched in the U.S. by Alcon in the third quarter of 2025.Understanding Dry Eye DiseaseDry eye disease, also known by terms like dry eye syndrome (DES), ocular surface disease (OSD), and keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), is one of the most common reasons people visit eye doctors. The Tear Film and Ocular Surface Society (TFOS) defines DED as a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface characterized by tear film instability, hyperosmolarity, inflammation, and neurosensory issues.The tear film itself is about 2 to 5.5 µm thick and is made up of three main components:Lipid layer: Produced by the meibomian glands to reduce tear evaporation.Aqueous layer: The thickest layer, produced by lacrimal glands and responsible for providing hydration and nutrients.Mucin layer: Created by conjunctival goblet cells to help tears spread evenly over the eye’s surface.DES vs. DEDWhile "DES" is commonly used by both patients and clinicians, "DED" better reflects the complex nature of the condition. It accounts for various causes—ranging from evaporative issues to tear deficiency—offering a more comprehensive framework for diagnosis and treatment.With the approval of Tryptyr, the future of dry eye treatment appears more hopeful than ever.

fda greenlights tryptyr for treating dry eye disease

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