Watching television for long hours can do more than contributing to a sedentary lifestyle. It could also leave a significant impact on the brain. According to a new study published in Alzheimer's & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer's Association, people who watched television very often during midlife later showed smaller brain volumes in regions involved in memory and thinking, along with greater signs of damage linked to dementia and stroke. Researchers from the University of Southern California (USC) found that the negative brain changes were unique to passive television viewing and were not simply the result of spending long hours sitting. Passive TV Watching Could Negatively Alter Brain StructuresThe researchers studied data from approximately 1,700 adults enrolled in the long-running Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Participants, whose average age was 53 when their television habits were assessed between 1987 and 1989, reported how frequently they watched television and how much of their workday they spent sitting. More than two decades later, participants underwent MRI brain scans. Compared with people who said they "never" or "seldom" watched television, those who watched TV "very often" had: Smaller brain volumes in regions associated with memory formation and early Alzheimer's disease.Reduced frontal and occipital lobe volumes.Greater white matter hyperintensity volumes, a marker of small blood vessel disease in the brain that is linked to cognitive decline, stroke and dementia. These findings were observed even after researchers accounted for physical activity levels, body mass index, diabetes, smoking and alcohol consumption.Also read: 10,000 Brain Scans Reveal Why Memory Declines With Age, Challenging Long-Held TheoryMore Harmful Than Just Sitting One of the study's most striking findings was that just sitting for long periods did not produce the same harmful results. People who spent long periods sitting at work actually showed larger frontal and occipital brain regions and lower white matter damage, suggesting that mentally engaging sedentary activities may affect the brain differently from passive leisure activities like television viewing. Researchers also observed that the associations were observed more in men, although further studies are needed to understand the reason behind. "For years we've focused on how much people sit. Our findings suggest we should also pay attention to what they're doing while they're sitting," said David Raichlen, professor of biological sciences and anthropology at the USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences and senior author of the study. Study corresponding author Natan Feter, a postdoctoral scholar in USC Dornsife's Human and Evolutionary Biology program, said the findings could eventually reshape public health advice. He said, "We frequently encourage the public not to spend too much time sitting down, but experts may want to expand that recommendation to encompass the activities done while sitting, since those seem to have distinct impacts on brain health."The researchers cautioned that the study on television viewing was based on self-reported questionnaires, which may be less accurate than objective tracking. In addition, participants did not undergo brain scans at the beginning of the study, making it difficult to directly measure changes over time.