A recent study revealed that apart from Type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance is linked to 31 different diseases that can increase the risk of early death in women.

What Is Insulin Resistance?

Insulin resistance or impaired insulin sensitivity, happens when cells in your muscles, fat and liver do not respond as they should to insulin. It is a hormone secreted by the pancreas that is essential for life and regulates the blood glucose (sugar) levels. It can be temporary or chronic and is treatable in some cases.

When your cells become insulin resistant, then it can lead to elevated blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) which can lead to prediabetes and Type 2 diabetes. It can cause obesity, cardiovascular disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Prediabetes leads to Type 2 diabetes (TD2), also the most common type of diabetes.

What Does the Study Say?

Jing Wu, a researcher from Shandong University, China and her team analysed data from over 4,29,000 people in the UK measuring their insulin resistance using the TyG index that calculates levels of blood sugar and fats.

They tracked health of participants for 13 years and found that those with higher insulin resistance were more likely to develop 26 diseases, including sleep disorders, bacterial infections, and pancreatitis.

The study found that one-unit increase in insulin resistance can raise the risk of sleep disorders by 18%, bacterial infections by 8% and pancreatitis by 31%.

What's interesting is that insulin resistance can lower the risk of Parkinson's disease by 16% and osteoporosis by 13%.

While women have 11% more chance of death due to insulin resistance, this link is not found in men.

These findings were presented at the European Association for the Study of Diabetes annual meeting at Madrid, Spain.

How Common Is Insulin Resistance?

There are no common tests to check insulin resistance and are not any symptoms until it turns into prediabetes or Type 2 diabetes. However, every 1 in 3 adults in the US have prediabetes.

Which means, it can be the main reason of fat around the waist and strokes.

What are the symptoms?

The symptoms of insulin resistance include increased thirst, frequent urination, increased hunger, blurred vision, headaches, vaginal and skin infections.

What causes insulin resistance?

Some of the factors include excess body fat, and physical inactivity - as it makes your body more sensitive to insulin and builds muscle that can absorb blood glucose. A diet containing highly processed food, certain medications including steroids, blood pressure medications, and hormonal disorders.

What if, instead of killing mosquitoes to stop malaria, we simply cured them? Harvard scientists have come up with a unique solution—giving mosquitoes anti-malarial drugs could turn these notorious disease-carriers into harmless biters. Malaria—a parasitic disease spread by female mosquitoes—causes nearly 600,000 deaths annually, most of them in children. Traditional prevention efforts have focused on insecticide-coated bed nets, which work by creating a physical barrier and killing mosquitoes that land on them. Many more solutions have emerged in modern times, but the latest proposal asks for curing and not killing the mosquitoes.

What Is Malaria?

Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by Plasmodium parasites that are transmitted through the bites of infected Anopheles mosquitoes. Common symptoms include high fever, chills, headache, nausea, vomiting, muscle pain, and fatigue. In some cases, especially when untreated, malaria can cause severe complications such as organ failure, difficulty breathing, or even death. The symptoms typically appear 10 to 15 days after being bitten and can resemble those of the flu, making early diagnosis and treatment crucial.

Scientists Identify Two Drugs That Kill Malaria Parasites

To address the lowering resistance to drugs, Harvard researchers tested a variety of drugs on malaria-infected mosquitoes and identified two that kill all parasites when absorbed through the insect's legs. The idea is to add these drugs to bed nets, so even if a mosquito survives contact, it will no longer be able to spread malaria. Study co-author Alexandra Probst calls the research, published in the journal Nature, a novel approach, noting that the malaria parasite is less likely to develop resistance to these drugs due to the limited number found in each mosquito compared to an infected human.

Lab results look promising: The drug treatment lasts up to a year on treated materials, potentially making it a durable and cost-effective alternative to current methods. The next phase—testing these drug-coated nets in real-world conditions—will begin in Ethiopia. Results aren't expected for at least six years, but the hope is to eventually combine both drugs and insecticides on nets, providing a two-pronged strategy against malaria transmission. "Malaria control desperately needs innovation," says study co-author Flaminia Catteruccia in a release. "This is a momentous step forward in the development of a new mosquito-targeted malaria control strategy."

Here's How You Can Identify Malaria

Malaria is a life-threatening disease spread to humans by some types of mosquitoes. It is mostly found in tropical countries and is preventable and curable. The infection is caused by a parasite and does not spread from person to person. Symptoms can be mild or life-threatening.

According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), mild symptoms include fever, chills and headache. Severe symptoms include fatigue, confusion, seizures, and difficulty breathing. Infants, children under 5 years, pregnant women and girls, travellers and people with HIV or AIDS are at higher risk of severe infection.

ALSO READ: 2nd Covid Death In Bengaluru As Man With Chronic Conditions Dies; How Comorbidities Make Infection More Dangerous

A new spike of COVID-19 fear has emerged in some areas of India, after the death of an 84-year-old man with serious comorbidities in Bengaluru. The second confirmed COVID death in the city is sparking alarm bells despite low official case numbers.

The patient, who hailed from Whitefield, was hospitalised on May 13 after complications arising from diabetes. He died on May 17. A routine test for COVID-19 during the course of hospitalisation came back positive a day later, confirming his infection. Health authorities say that even though the virus may not have caused his death directly, it had compounded his existing health issues, pushing his life into a fatal downward trend.

With a matching fatality reported recently in Maharashtra's Thane district, this surge has health authorities on high alert, especially for high-risk groups like the elderly and those with pre-existing health conditions.

Despite these isolated incidents, Karnataka’s overall COVID-19 figures remain modest. The state’s health department has reported 38 active cases, with 32 confined to Bengaluru. While this doesn’t indicate a full-scale resurgence, experts emphasize the importance of monitoring trends, especially among immunocompromised individuals.

Karnataka Health Minister Dinesh Gundu Rao spoke to concerns from the public in a press conference, seeking to remain calm while assuring readiness on behalf of the government. "I appeal to everyone not to panic. Life can go on as normal," Rao said. "We are monitoring the situation closely and are ready to respond if need be."

Till now, no lockdowns or movement restrictions are on the cards. Local authorities in Karnataka and Maharashtra, however, have increased advisories around preventive measures particularly for persons in high-risk groups.

Why COVID-19 Precautions Need to Come Back?

As sporadic cases are reported throughout different Indian states, a sense of guarded optimism has crept back in. Health officials are promoting ongoing use of face masks in public areas, regular hand hygiene, and early medical evaluation for flu-like illness.

Hospitals have also been instructed to remain alert and report any unexpected rise in hospitalization that could indicate a local surge in COVID-19 or its complications.

For the time being, the situation is in hand. Yet the Bengaluru and Thane fatalities demonstrate again the chronic exposure of those with underlying medical conditions — a constant theme that continues to be applicable everywhere.

Perhaps the most important lesson of the pandemic has been the dire effects of COVID-19 on people with pre-existing medical conditions. Comorbidities, which describe the presence of one or more chronic diseases in addition to a primary diagnosis, greatly enhance the risk of adverse outcomes.

In the Bengaluru man's case, diabetes was the predominant complicating factor. Based on many studies carried out across the world — including the CDC and WHO — diabetes not only dulls the immune response but also disrupts the body's capacity to tackle infection, making it harder and generally slower to recover.

Why Do Comorbidities Worsen COVID-19 Infection?

COVID-19 targets the respiratory system but, in comorbid patients, it can create a domino effect. Chronic conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, and kidney failure weaken the immune system and allow COVID-19 to wreak havoc.

Let us discuss the most important chronic conditions that aggravate symptoms of COVID-19:

Heart Disease: Patients with heart diseases like heart failure or coronary artery disease are at higher risk. COVID-19 can overexert the cardiovascular system, making heart attacks or exacerbating conditions more likely.

Diabetes: Both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes impair the immune system. Elevated blood glucose levels provide a perfect environment for viral infection to dominate and hinder recovery.

Chronic Lung Diseases: COVID-19 can be harmful to the lungs in individuals who have asthma, COPD, or pulmonary fibrosis. Patients have compromised respiratory function and, upon a second viral attack, acute respiratory failure.

Obesity: Patients with a Body Mass Index of over 40 are at higher risk. Obesity may limit lung expansion and oxygen flow, resulting in worse disease progression.

Kidney Disease: Those on dialysis or with chronic kidney diseases have particularly high risks since both immune systems and kidney function are impaired.

Cancer: Patients with cancer, especially those receiving chemotherapy or radiation, have weakened immune systems. They are less able to support a robust defense against viral infections like COVID-19.

What is the Biggest Health Concern?

Although the character of COVID-19 has shifted in recent years — with numerous strains gradually losing potency — the virus is by no means obsolete. For those with chronic illnesses, it remains a real and present threat. Health professionals nonetheless call for preparedness rather than panic.

“It’s not about alarming the public, but educating them,” says Dr. Anita Reddy, an internal medicine specialist based in Bengaluru. “If you’re managing a chronic illness, your priority should be maintaining optimal health and staying up to date on vaccinations, including COVID-19 boosters.”

Governments globally are also moving away from emergency responses to comprehensive disease management, focusing on resilience as well as normal care. Under this setup, individual responsibility comes into play — especially for high-risk patients.

Need for Proactive Health Management

The second death from COVID in Bengaluru is not an indication of mass crisis, but a reminder of the ongoing risk that COVID-19 poses for those already having underlying health vulnerabilities. Although community transmission is low, healthcare workers reiterate the need to be vigilant, not fearful.

For older people and those with chronic conditions, proactive care in the form of vaccination, ongoing health monitoring, and simple preventive actions can significantly lower the risk of severe consequences.

As the globe adjusts to a post-pandemic world, such narratives as this one reinforce a straightforward yet strong message: COVID-19 might no longer be the topic of major headlines, but for individuals with comorbidities, its danger is very much real.

Canada is witnessing a significant rise in measles cases—something that has left health authorities in the country worried. The country achieved the measles elimination status in 1998. However, with the current uptick in cases, it risks losing it. "The risk is substantial," said Dr. Sarah Wilson, a public health physician with Public Health Ontario who has been tracking the measles outbreak in that province, underscored.

According to government data, Ontario is recording more Measles cases each week than it once saw over an entire decade. "It is a very different situation from what we experienced in the last decade since measles elimination was achieved," she said. Canada currently has more cases than any other country in the Americas.

Measles Outbreak In Canada Began Last Year

Canada's outbreak began in October 2024. That means if sustained transmission continues until October 2025, the Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO) can revoke the elimination status. For the unitiated, a complete measles elimination is reached when a virus is no longer endemic (regularly occurring within a specific region or country, which happened in 1998 in Canada.

The largest outbreak is in Ontario, where there have been 1,795 cases since October, according to the latest numbers from Public Health Ontario. Alberta's outbreak is growing too, with more than 500 cases as of Friday. This is more than the neighbouring United States, where the total number of cases reportedly topped 1046 across 30 states.

Measles Outbreak Across American Continents

PAHO is the body that verifies measles elimination status in the region, which is made up of 35 member states. The region as a whole was the first in the world to eliminate measles in 2016. It lost that status three years later, because of outbreaks in Venezuela and Brazil, but regained it in 2024. The UK and US have also seen the return of transmission in recent years, with the US coming close to losing its elimination status in 2019.

How Bad Is Measles In The US?

As of May 25, the US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) stated that the total number of cases in the country has increased to 1046. The CDC says 12% of measles patients in America this year have been hospitalised, the majority of whom are under age 19. Meanwhile, the United States Secretary of Health and Human Services, RFK Jr, recently took a 360 on his stance against the Measles, Mumps And Rubella (MMR) vaccine, drawing criticism from his followers.

As the cases continue to rise, here is everything you should know about this deadly fungal infection:

Measles, or rubeola, is one of the most contagious viruses that have ever been known by science. It is spread mostly by respiratory droplets when an infected individual coughs or sneezes. But wait, there's more. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the virus remains suspended in the air for as long as two hours after an infected individual has vacated the area—and it can also be deposited on surfaces. So to answer your question, yes, measles can spread by touching.

If an individual touches an infected surface—such as a handrail, seat armrest, or bathroom door—and then also touch their eyes, nose, or mouth, they risk infection. This is particularly worrying in places such as concert halls, where tens of thousands of individuals touch communal surfaces within a short period of time.

Perhaps most disturbing is how sneaky the measles virus is. A person infected with the virus can begin to spread the virus four days before the characteristic rash shows up—and continue to spread it for four days afterward. That leaves many people who spread the disease not knowing they are ill, which makes public health responses in crowded events more difficult.

Symptoms may take 7 to 14 days to develop, which is why health officials are calling for alertness at least until June 6. Early measles symptoms mimic the flu: high fever, dry cough, runny nose, and watery, red eyes. The telltale rash—flat red spots beginning at the hairline and spreading downward—may follow later, after the virus has already been spread to others.