Just days after their laboratories were devastated by an Iranian missile attack, Profs. Liran Shlush and Amos Tanay of the Weizmann Institute of Science have published a landmark study that could transform how we detect and predict leukemia and other blood disorders. Their research, released in Nature Medicine, introduces a revolutionary blood test that may one day replace the painful, invasive bone marrow biopsy—a procedure dreaded by patients and clinicians alike.

Developed by Professors Liran Shlush and Amos Tanay, this innovation replaces the traditionally painful and invasive bone marrow biopsy with a cutting-edge, non-invasive blood test.

This development is poised to revolutionize diagnostics in hematology and could dramatically reduce global dependence on bone marrow sampling — a procedure that over a million people endure each year globally.

Why Bone Marrow Biopsies Have Been the Gold Standard?

For decades, diagnosing blood cancers such as leukemia has relied on extracting bone marrow—a process that involves drilling into the bone, typically under local anesthesia or sedation. The procedure is not only uncomfortable and anxiety-inducing but also costly, technically demanding, and sometimes inconclusive. Even when a sample is obtained, pathologists may disagree on whether the cells are healthy or diseased, leaving patients and their families in limbo.

The study found a way to detect and analyze rare blood-forming stem cells that occasionally escape the bone marrow and enter the bloodstream. These elusive cells, though few — often just one in a million — carry a wealth of diagnostic information.

“As we age, our blood stem cells accumulate mutations,” explains Prof. Shlush. “These mutated cells eventually dominate the blood system, failing to produce healthy blood cells and laying the groundwork for conditions like myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and leukemia.”

Traditionally, these defective cells are hidden within the bone marrow, undetectable by standard blood tests. Bone marrow biopsies, while effective, are painful, costly, and often inconclusive. But this new method captures and analyzes the rare migratory stem cells through a simple blood draw, combined with advanced single-cell genetic sequencing.

How a Simple Blood Test Changes Cancer Diagnosis?

The breakthrough came when Dr. Nili Furer, Nimrod Rappoport, and Oren Milman, collaborating with researchers in Israel and the U.S., discovered that rare blood stem cells occasionally escape the bone marrow and circulate in the bloodstream. These migrating cells, though extremely scarce—sometimes just a handful in a milliliter of blood—carry crucial diagnostic information.

By applying advanced single-cell genetic sequencing, the researchers were able to isolate and analyze these rare cells, identifying early signs of MDS and assessing an individual’s risk of developing blood cancer. This approach allows for the detection of disease processes long before symptoms arise, offering a window of opportunity for early intervention.

Focus on Myelodysplastic Syndrome

The study centers on myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) — an age-related condition where stem cells fail to mature properly, leading to ineffective blood production and a heightened risk of progressing to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a particularly aggressive form of cancer.

Previously, diagnosing MDS required extracting marrow with a needle — an uncomfortable procedure that many patients dreaded. Now, thanks to this innovation, the same diagnosis can be made using peripheral blood samples. Dr. Nili Furer, along with collaborators Nimrod Rappoport and Oren Milman, played a critical role in demonstrating that these rare stem cells in blood are sufficient for detecting MDS and its progression risk.

Why Men Age Faster — At Least in Their Blood?

One of the study’s more striking revelations involves gender differences in blood aging. The researchers observed that stem cell aging occurs faster in men than in women, which may explain why blood cancers are more prevalent in males.

“Men’s stem cells begin to exhibit cancer-prone mutations earlier than women’s,” notes Prof. Shlush. “This gender-based variance in blood aging is an eye-opener and may inform future prevention strategies.”

The test not only identifies disease but also acts as a biological clock, providing new insights into how blood ages — revealing patterns that even bone marrow biopsies have failed to detect.

Capturing and characterizing these rare cells required a blend of cutting-edge laboratory techniques and sophisticated data analysis. Each cell yielded tens of thousands of data points, and the team analyzed millions of cells from participants ranging in age from young adults to 95-year-olds. Prof. Tanay’s expertise in computational biology was instrumental in making sense of this vast dataset, enabling the team to distinguish healthy cells from those showing early signs of disease.

Implications of The New Blood Test On Treatment

The implications of this discovery are profound. Clinical trials based on the new blood test are already underway at multiple medical centers worldwide. The researchers believe that, in time, this test could be used not only for MDS and leukemia but also for a broad spectrum of blood-related disorders. By providing a non-invasive, highly sensitive diagnostic tool, the test has the potential to spare millions of patients from the ordeal of bone marrow biopsies each year.

“As part of the aging process, stem cells—the ones capable of generating all blood cells—undergo genetic changes and mutations,” explains Prof. Shlush. “With time, these cells accumulate mutations and begin to dominate the blood system. They stop differentiating properly, produce only themselves, and suppress the production of healthy cells. Eventually, this can lead to deadly diseases like blood cancers.”

The research itself is as resilient as its scientists. Just days before the study’s release, the labs of Profs. Shlush and Tanay at the Weizmann Institute were severely damaged in an Iranian missile attack. Despite the destruction, the team pushed forward, ensuring the findings reached the scientific community on time.

The study reflects the combined efforts of a global team of physicians, biologists, and data scientists across Israel and the United States, proving that science endures even in the face of adversity.

The prospect of replacing an invasive, expensive, and often ambiguous diagnostic procedure with a quick, precise, and painless blood test is a major leap forward. For millions worldwide, this means earlier detection, better prognosis, and more effective treatment strategies — all from a single vial of blood.

In a significant development that highlights the increasing scrutiny over the safety of pharma products, India's Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO) has identified 186 drugs and formulations as Not of Standard Quality (NSQ) in its surveillance report for May 2025. These identified drugs encompass widely prescribed drugs like paracetamol as well as diabetes drugs, triggering grave concerns over the safety of drugs in one of the world's largest pharmaceutical markets.

The action, the CDSCO says, is its part of regular regulatory vigilance aimed at detecting and eliminating unsafe drugs in the market so that patients are not inadvertently left consuming substandard or spurious medicines.

The list, published by the country's national drug regulator on 27 June, 2025, contains common drugs like paracetamol and insulin used to treat diabetes, prompting critical questions on drug safety, regulatory scrutiny, and public health in one of the biggest pharma markets in the world.

The CDSCO's recent warning follows central and state drug testing laboratories in India reporting scores of samples from pharmacies and distribution centers across the country. Of the total 186 failed quality test samples, 128 were detected by state drug testing laboratories, and 58 by central labs. All this aggressive monitoring forms part of CDSCO's constant vigilance to ensure the quality of drugs being sold to Indian consumers.

Of the 186 substandard drug samples, 128 were identified by state drug testing labs and 58 by central labs, as per the official notification. All these drugs failed one or more of the quality parameters such as potency, dissolution rate, microbial load, or content uniformity, and hence were not fit for use by patients.

In a statement that released with the move, CDSCO sought to point out that one failed batch of drug is unique to that batch and does not always mean all batches of the same brand or product are unsafe. Still, the detection of even a single poor batch can have implications for public health, particularly in the case of life-saving and chronic disease drugs.

The CDSCO also established that two of the Bihar drug samples were spurious, i.e., produced by unauthorized parties with the brand name of a different licensed company. These results suggest counterfeit operations in India's huge and intricate drug distribution system.

The regulator has assured that the incidents are being investigated and action would be taken under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act and the accompanying rules.

This is not a one-off case. CDSCO reported 900 samples as substandard and 20 as spurious in the year 2024 alone, all of them selected from pharmacies, hospitals, and distribution outlets throughout the nation.

What Are "Not of Standard Quality" (NSQ) and Spurious Drugs?

CDSCO defines NSQ as an occurrence of failure to satisfy one or more of the stipulated quality parameters during laboratory testing. The parameters would involve potency, purity, dissolution, and contaminants or impurities. Significantly, the regulator points out that a failed batch does not necessarily incriminate all the products of the same brand or company.

Aside from NSQ medicines, the CDSCO also marked two samples from the state of Bihar as "spurious." These were discovered to have been produced by illegal manufacturers with the use of the brand name of another firm—a grave offense which is being investigated. Adulterated and spurious medicines are especially threatening since they can have the wrong or harmful ingredients and therefore directly threaten patient safety.

How India Monitors Drug Quality?

India's pharma industry is one of the biggest in the world, serving not just the domestic market but also exports to more than 200 nations. With such a huge market, maintaining drug safety is no small effort. The CDSCO, along with state regulators, regularly takes drug samples from sales and distribution points. The samples are tested thoroughly in the laboratory, and the findings are made available on the CDSCO portal on a monthly basis.

This openness achieves several functions: it warns medical professionals and the general public to possible danger, raises responsibility on manufacturers, and preserves the level of trust for the healthcare system. In the words of Dr. Rajeev Singh Raghuvanshi, India's Drugs Controller General, only roughly 1.5% of drugs tested in recent surveys turned out to be less effective, indicating that the overwhelming majority of medicines available are safe. Still, a small proportion can add up to potentially great public health threats in view of India's population and the magnitude of drug use.

Threats to Public Health and World Drug Supply

India has been commonly referred to as the "pharmacy of the world," exporting generic drugs to more than 200 nations. Any quality lapse not only impacts Indian consumers but also tarnishes world confidence in Indian pharmaceuticals. Paracetamol and anti-diabetics are consumed by millions — any compromise on their effectiveness or safety can be devastating health-wise.

Substandard or counterfeit drugs are one of the greatest dangers to contemporary medicine," an independent pharmacovigilance expert in New Delhi said. "They may not treat the disease, may worsen patient outcomes, or lead to antimicrobial resistance."

The public, clinicians, and policymakers need to address CDSCO notifications not as run-of-the-mill bureaucracy but as canary-in-the-coal-mines warnings of broader systemic problems in manufacturing regulation, supply chain integrity, and quality control procedures.

What Can Healthcare Providers and Patients Do?

Awareness is the best defense for patients. The CDSCO's medicine alert system seeks to inform consumers and healthcare providers about possible dangers of certain drugs. Patients must go see their doctors or pharmacists if they have issues with their medication and avoid buying drugs from unofficial sources.

Healthcare professionals, on their part, must remain up to date on the current CDSCO reports and advisories, particularly when dispensing or prescribing high-risk drugs. Keeping an eye on the CDSCO portal regularly and being subscribed to alerts can help ensure that patients receive only safe and effective medicines. Patients must:

• Inquire about the batch number and manufacturer prior to taking prescribed drugs.
• Immediately report any side effects.
• Do not buy drugs from illegal online pharmacies.

In addition, hospitals and states should institutionalize pharmacovigilance programs in order to identify adverse trends early.

The CDSCO's forward-looking attitude—constant vigilance, open reporting, and rapid enforcement against violators—is reflective of India's seriousness in protecting public health. Nevertheless, the challenge persists. As the pharmaceutical sector continues its expansion, so must regulatory capability, laboratory facilities, and public awareness.

Before the era of widespread vaccination, infectious diseases cast a long and deadly shadow over American childhood. In 1900, nearly one in five children in the United States never reached their fifth birthday, with diseases like whooping cough, measles, rubella, and polio claiming millions of young lives or leaving survivors with lifelong disabilities. Over the next century, vaccines would transform this grim reality, virtually eradicating once-dreaded scourges and drastically reducing the toll of others. Yet, as immunization rates decline and vaccine hesitancy rises—even among public officials—these diseases are making a troubling comeback.

The very success of vaccines has, paradoxically, bred complacency and skepticism. “This concern, this hesitancy, these questions about vaccines are a consequence of the great success of the vaccines – because they eliminated the diseases.

In a time before vaccines, childhood illness often meant death. Infectious diseases like polio, measles, rubella, and whooping cough once swept across communities unchecked, claiming young lives and leaving others permanently disabled. In 1900, nearly one in five American children didn’t live to see their fifth birthday, and infectious disease was the primary cause but with the advent of vaccines, these illnesses were nearly eradicated.

The widespread success of vaccines may ironically be their undoing. "This concern, this hesitancy, these questions about vaccines are a consequence of the great success of the vaccines – because they eliminated the diseases. The decline in visible cases has led to a loss of fear, and in many cases, respect for the devastating consequences of these illnesses.

The current climate has given space for anti-vaccine activists to amplify rare side effects while ignoring the profound benefits of immunization. Suspicion around well-established vaccines has even reached political figures like Robert F. Kennedy Jr., a longtime anti-vaccine advocate.

However for some families, the horrors of these once-common diseases remain a vivid reality. For them, every news report of a measles outbreak or rising whooping cough cases is a painful reminder of lives forever changed—and a plea to spare others from similar suffering.

Janith Farnham, 80, from Sioux Falls, recalls with clarity the moment she realized her newborn daughter Jacque wasn’t developing normally. Jacque was born with congenital rubella syndrome after Janith contracted the virus early in pregnancy, a time when the rubella vaccine wasn’t available.

"Things weren’t right," Janith said. Jacque was unresponsive to sound, resisted touch, and had a purring heart murmur that required early surgery. Today, Jacque is 60, living with numerous complications including deafness, diabetes, glaucoma, and arthritis. Despite these challenges, she maintains a close and affectionate bond with her mother, who still sees her nearly every day.

Janith, who once taught special education, knows firsthand the consequences of a disease now preventable with a routine shot. "It’s more than frustrating. I mean, I get angry inside," she said. "I know what can happen, and I just don’t want anybody else to go through this."

Patricia Tobin still remembers the scream of her mother the day her younger sister Karen collapsed in their home. It was 1970 in Miami, and Karen, only six, had contracted measles during an outbreak. The vaccine was available but not yet mandatory.

Tobin, then 19, had rushed Karen to the hospital, where she immediately fell into a coma and died of encephalitis. "We never did get to speak to her again," she said.

Today, vaccination is required for school entry in all U.S. states, but increasing exemptions are threatening herd immunity. The legacy of fraudulent studies falsely linking the MMR vaccine to autism has left a long shadow. Most states now fall below the 95% threshold needed to prevent measles outbreaks.

"I’m very upset by how cavalier people are being about the measles," Tobin said. "I don’t think that they realize how destructive this is."

Lora Duguay, 68, of Clearwater, Florida, has lived through polio not once, but twice. Her first encounter was at age three, when she was hospitalized and packed in ice. Doctors told her parents she would never walk again.

After extensive therapy, she regained mobility and led a full life until her 40s, when post-polio syndrome struck. Her condition worsened over time, but she found purpose through art. "Art gives me a sense of purpose," Duguay said.

Today’s polio vaccine is far more effective, and widespread use has all but eradicated the disease in the U.S. Thanks to herd immunity, even imported cases don’t spread. But Duguay’s story is a stark reminder of what could happen if vaccination rates drop.

Katie Van Tornhout, from Lakeville, Indiana, lost her daughter Callie Grace to whooping cough in 2010, just 37 days after her birth. Born premature but healthy, Callie started coughing a month in. Within days, she was gone.

Callie was too young for her own Tdap vaccine and was likely infected by someone who hadn’t had their booster. Her ashes rest in a small urn beside mementos and a plaster cast of her tiny foot.

Van Tornhout now shares her story widely and advocates for childhood immunizations through Vaccinate Your Family. "It’s up to us as adults to protect our children – that’s what a parent’s job is," she said. “I watched my daughter die from something that was preventable … You don’t want to walk in my shoes."

The resurgence of diseases like measles and whooping cough is a stark warning. Falling vaccination rates, fueled by misinformation and complacency, threaten to undo decades of public health progress. The consequences are not abstract—they are deeply personal for families who have lived through the suffering these diseases cause.

Experts note that if you’re not familiar with the disease, you don’t respect or even fear it. And therefore you don’t value the vaccine. The stories of Janith, Patricia, Lora, and Katie are a powerful reminder of what’s at stake.

Vaccines are among the greatest achievements of modern medicine, saving countless lives and sparing families untold grief. Yet, as memories fade, so does vigilance. The experiences of those who have suffered—and those who have lost—should serve as a call to action.

Disclaimer: This article includes story inputs and reporting from the Associated Press (AP) agency.

An sudden spike in hepatitis A infection in several European countries has led to public health authorities issue urgent advisories and roll out containment strategies. The multicountry outbreak, spanning Austria, Czechia, Hungary, and Slovakia, has already infected more than 2,000 people since January 2025. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) confirmed on Friday that two genetically linked strains of the hepatitis A virus (HAV) are behind this multicountry outbreak, which alarms for ongoing community transmission and potential cross-border spillover.

Though hepatitis A is generally a preventable viral illness, its comeback in Europe is a grim reminder of how vaccination gaps, sanitation flaws, and outreach failures can prove lethal — particularly for older people and those who are vulnerable.

This outbreak, characterized by two similarly linked hepatitis A virus (HAV) strains, has not only affected local groups but also infected tourists traveling to popular tourist destinations in Europe. The problem is further complicated by reports of confirmed cross-border transmissions, with Germany reporting cases genetically associated with those in Austria and Hungary, indicating the likelihood for wider spread.

The cluster is focussed in four middle European countries: Slovakia (880), Czechia (600), Hungary (530), and Austria (87). Although all these countries have suffered the majority of the infections, cases that had the outbreak strain are also found within Germany, reflecting the virus's capacity to transcend borders via social networks and travel.

Nine fatalities have been reported to date — six in Czechia and three in Austria — underlining the potentially serious health impact of the disease, especially in older people or those with existing liver disease. The ECDC's rapid risk assessment also verifies genomic evidence of regionally linked transmissions, triggering a coordinated EU response.

What is Hepatitis A?

Hepatitis A is acute viral disease of the liver due to the hepatitis A virus (HAV). In contrast to its more persistent cousins, hepatitis B and C, hepatitis A does not result in chronic liver disease. But it can nevertheless generate full-blown disease and death—particularly among those at high risk.

The virus is mainly spread by ingestion of infected food or water, or direct contact with an infected person. HAV is found in the feces of infected individuals and is thus majorly a factor of poor sanitation and hygiene that leads to outbreaks. The illness quickly spreads in communities lacking clean water, safe food, and proper healthcare.

Contrary to hepatitis B and C, hepatitis A does not develop into chronic liver disease. Nevertheless, it may cause severe liver complications and even death in some people. Severity escalates with age. The ECDC has estimated the risk of serious illness as high in people older than 40 years and very high in individuals with pre-existing liver disease or weakened immunity.

Symptoms and Challenges in Early Detection

Not all people who get hepatitis A develop symptoms. But if symptoms do occur, they might include:

• Weakness and fatigue
• Abdominal pain and fever
• Jaundice, or yellow eyes and skin
• Clay-colored stools and dark urine
• Nausea and loss of appetite
• Diarrhea and joint pain

Since the virus takes weeks to manifest as symptoms, people may spread the virus unknowingly during incubation. That timing makes it harder to track the infections and contain possible routes of exposure.

Who Is Most at Risk?

Although anyone can get hepatitis A, there are groups that are more likely to suffer from severe illness. The ECDC states that individuals aged 40 years and older are at greater risk of developing serious complications, and the risk increases with age. Patients with existing liver disease and those who are immunosuppressed are especially at risk, as are older persons.

Social determinants also come into play. The epidemic has hit disproportionately hard among those living in homelessness, those who inject or use illicit drugs, and those living in filthy conditions or with limited healthcare access. These individuals usually do not have the resources necessary to receive vaccination or be at a hygiene standard to avoid infection.

For the population at large in the affected nations, risk is at present estimated as low to moderate. Yet, the situation is dynamic, and the risk for further transmission cannot be ruled out.

Slovakia has been struggling with hepatitis A since 2022, making it the epicenter of the current outbreak. Its 880 cases this year represent the largest burden across the affected nations. Czechia, meanwhile, has seen a significant jump in cases in 2025, including the majority of the deaths.

Even with the fewer cases reported, there have been three deaths in Austria — highlighting the fact that the virus does not have to be widespread to pose a threat. In Hungary, more than 500 cases of infection have been reported this year, leading health authorities to increase surveillance and prevention measures.

How the Virus Is Spreading?

Genetic sequencing has shown that the current outbreak is being fueled by person-to-person transmission in interconnected social networks and geographic regions. The fact that genetically similar strains were detected in Germany, where it is not an epicenter, is a testament to the ease with which the virus can travel across borders—particularly in an age of high mobility and international travel.

Though foodborne transmission cannot be ruled out, available evidence implicates close personal contact and unsatisfactory sanitation as main movers. This underscores the pivotal role that focused prevention and swift response play in high-risk populations.

The ECDC has called on member states to carry out epidemiologic studies, expand targeted contact with high-risk groups, and improve access to vaccination. Cross-border coordination has also been highlighted by the agency, since the outbreak does not respect geography or citizenship. Strategies that are recommended include:

• Targeted vaccine campaigns among high-risk groups
• Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) of close contacts
• Increased sanitation and hygiene in settlements and communities
• Increased genetic testing to track spread of virus
• Public education and awareness to increase early reporting and vaccination rates

ECDC's head of One Health Unit Ole Heuer highlighted the need for increased outreach: "This outbreak is a reminder that hepatitis A infection can lead to severe illness and death, particularly in individuals with poor access to health care and basic hygiene. Vaccination and sanitation services need to reach those who are most vulnerable."

How You Can Protect Yourself?

For people, the best defense against hepatitis A is vaccination. The hepatitis A vaccine is given in two doses, usually six to twelve months apart. The CDC says getting the vaccine — or immune globulin treatment — within two weeks of infection can ward off illness. Other important prevention measures are:

• Washing hands frequently with soap and water, particularly before meals
• Drinking clean, filtered water and avoiding suspect food sources while abroad
• Not getting direct exposure to the body fluid of infected people

The CDC also advises travelers to countries with outbreaks of hepatitis A to get vaccinated before they go.

As the peak travel season for summer draws near, it's a time of vigilance for public health officials and travelers alike. Vaccination, education, and enhanced sanitation are the pillars of prevention—not only for hepatitis A, but for the countless infectious diseases that still threaten global health security.