Dr. Mickey Mehta

Beat Diwali Pollution: 5 Holistic Ways To Boost Immunity

Boosting immunity during Diwali can help maintain balance amid the festive indulgences as everyone becomes carefree and relaxed during the holiday time. 

This may give rise to unwanted weight gain, erratic food timings, indulging in more sweets, and junk than usual, and a disturbed circadian rhythm. Such imbalance may ruin our holidays hence being a little mindful is necessary if you want to enjoy the festive season most.

There are no easy and quick fixes to improve and boost immunity hence it is a process of how regularly you eat healthy, sleep well, meditate or exercise well, and manage your stress levels. If you have been regular with all the basics of wellness we will not require quick fixes to bolster our immunity.

Hence some of the ways which will help in improving our immunity not just during the festive season but in the longer run are mentioned below.

<strong>1. Creative and Curative Nutrition</strong>

By consuming seasonal fruits and vegetables that are rich in vitamins and antioxidants. Always try and include a family of citrus fruits like oranges, berries, mosambi, peaches, guava, fiber and alkaline-rich fruits like apples, bananas, pomegranate, honeydew melons, pears rich fruits which are the natural healers for our body, including leafy greens, and root vegetables like carrots, beetroots, sweet potatoes are great for health.

This will help to improve Longevity, Immunity, and Vitality.

Traditional Diwali snacks made with nuts, seeds, and jaggery can also provide essential nutrients that strengthen immunity if consumed in moderation.

<strong>2. The Herbs and Spices which are great regulators &amp; Fortifiers</strong>

Incorporating herbs and spices like turmeric, ginger, tulsi (holy basil), ashwagandha, and amla (Indian gooseberry)can naturally boost immunity. These herbs possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which strengthen the immune system. Herbal teas, kadhas, or tonics made from these ingredients can be beneficial as they help to regulate our hormones and improve our biochemistry.

<strong>3. Optimal Movement therapy which is a combination of yoga, calisthenics, breathwork, and more</strong>

Regular yoga practice enhances circulation, improves lymphatic function, and supports detoxification, all of which boost immunity and will give an added benefit if practiced in the open under the sun, the natural cosmic element. Pranayama (breathing exercises) like Kapalbhati and Anulom Vilom can increase lung capacity and oxygen intake. Practicing for only 5-10 minutes a day will give a burst of energy and freshness. Daily meditation helps reduce stress, which directly influences immune function. Walking on the grass bare feet for 10 minutes, or if you have water near your house, spending just 10-15 minutes will refresh you.

Festivals can be hectic, but ensuring 7-8 hours of sound sleep each night is crucial for the body's natural repair processes. Following a natural bioclock will work wonders for your health in the long run. Sleep helps rejuvenate the immune system, and poor sleep can weaken it. A calming routine with essential oils like lavender or chamomile before bed can improve sleep quality and you will wake up like a daisy every morning.

Staying hydrated is vital for immune function. Drinking warm water infused with lemon or cumin seeds throughout the day aids digestion and detoxification. A gentle detox post-celebration, like fasting, avoiding grains during dinner, eating raw foods till noon, or having light meals, helps the body recover from indulgences, restoring immune strength. By following these practices, you can get energized, immunized, and optimized.

Health Conditions A-Z

health

wellness and health

diet and exercise routine

immunity boosting tips

delhi pollution

nutritional diet

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Boosting immunity during Diwali can help maintain balance amid the festive indulgences as everyone becomes carefree and relaxed during the holiday time. This may give rise to unwanted weight gain, erratic food timings, indulging in more sweets, and junk than usual, and a disturbed circadian rhythm. Such imbalance may ruin our holidays hence being a little mindful is necessary if you want to enjoy the festive season most.There are no easy and quick fixes to improve and boost immunity hence it is a process of how regularly you eat healthy, sleep well, meditate or exercise well, and manage your stress levels. If you have been regular with all the basics of wellness we will not require quick fixes to bolster our immunity.Hence some of the ways which will help in improving our immunity not just during the festive season but in the longer run are mentioned below.1. Creative and Curative NutritionBy consuming seasonal fruits and vegetables that are rich in vitamins and antioxidants. Always try and include a family of citrus fruits like oranges, berries, mosambi, peaches, guava, fiber and alkaline-rich fruits like apples, bananas, pomegranate, honeydew melons, pears rich fruits which are the natural healers for our body, including leafy greens, and root vegetables like carrots, beetroots, sweet potatoes are great for health.This will help to improve Longevity, Immunity, and Vitality.Traditional Diwali snacks made with nuts, seeds, and jaggery can also provide essential nutrients that strengthen immunity if consumed in moderation.2. The Herbs and Spices which are great regulators & FortifiersIncorporating herbs and spices like turmeric, ginger, tulsi (holy basil), ashwagandha, and amla (Indian gooseberry)can naturally boost immunity. These herbs possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which strengthen the immune system. Herbal teas, kadhas, or tonics made from these ingredients can be beneficial as they help to regulate our hormones and improve our biochemistry. 3. Optimal Movement therapy which is a combination of yoga, calisthenics, breathwork, and moreRegular yoga practice enhances circulation, improves lymphatic function, and supports detoxification, all of which boost immunity and will give an added benefit if practiced in the open under the sun, the natural cosmic element. Pranayama (breathing exercises) like Kapalbhati and Anulom Vilom can increase lung capacity and oxygen intake. Practicing for only 5-10 minutes a day will give a burst of energy and freshness. Daily meditation helps reduce stress, which directly influences immune function. Walking on the grass bare feet for 10 minutes, or if you have water near your house, spending just 10-15 minutes will refresh you.4. Emotional WellbeingFestivals can be hectic, but ensuring 7-8 hours of sound sleep each night is crucial for the body's natural repair processes. Following a natural bioclock will work wonders for your health in the long run. Sleep helps rejuvenate the immune system, and poor sleep can weaken it. A calming routine with essential oils like lavender or chamomile before bed can improve sleep quality and you will wake up like a daisy every morning.5. The Water elementStaying hydrated is vital for immune function. Drinking warm water infused with lemon or cumin seeds throughout the day aids digestion and detoxification. A gentle detox post-celebration, like fasting, avoiding grains during dinner, eating raw foods till noon, or having light meals, helps the body recover from indulgences, restoring immune strength. By following these practices, you can get energized, immunized, and optimized.

beat diwali pollution: 5 holistic ways to boost immunity

Health and Me

Aarushi Bhadury

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During times of crisis or heightened emotions, we seek our elders for some clarity as well as for someone who will keep a cool head during these times. We are always told that wisdom and ways to handle difficult situations are things we gain as we age and a new study shows that this fact holds a lot of truth. We all remember our grandparents and how sweet, calm and patient they were, no matter how many times we messed up or did things that would anger our parents. 

A new study suggests this isn't just a personality trait but a skill that improves with age, particularly for women. Research published in the journal <span>Menopause</span> indicates that as women age, especially from middle age onward, their ability to manage anger significantly improves. 

<h2>Anger Intensifies, Expression Softens </h2>

Here's the interesting part: this doesn't mean older women feel less angry. In fact, the study, which looked at information from 271 women over many years, found that they actually reported feeling angrier more often and more strongly as they aged. But here's the key difference: they were much less likely to show their anger outwardly or act in a hostile way. So, even though the feeling of anger might be stronger, their ability to control how they react becomes much better. They might feel it, but they don't necessarily let it burst out. 

So, why does this happen? Researchers have a couple of ideas. One thought is that as women reach middle age and go through menopause, they often feel a stronger sense of "generativity." This basically means they feel a deep need to help and care for others, especially younger generations, and to make a positive impact on the world. This feeling might help them become more emotionally mature and integrated. 

Another idea is that women might become more strategic about how they express their anger. Instead of just lashing out, they might choose more positive and constructive ways to deal with their feelings, which can actually help improve their relationships. When women use anger in these more positive ways, they often feel more empowered and have better self-esteem. 

<h2>Knowing When Your Anger Is A Problem</h2>

According to the American Psychological Association, anger management aims to lessen both the strong feelings of anger you experience and the physical reactions it triggers in your body. While you can't always avoid or change the people or situations that make you angry, you can learn to control how you react. 

There are tests that can measure how intense your anger is, how often you get angry, and how well you handle it. However, if you're struggling with anger, you probably already know it. If your actions feel out of control or frightening to you, it might be time to seek help in finding healthier ways to deal with this powerful emotion. 

Experts point out that the changes women experience during menopause can really affect their mental well-being, both in their personal lives and at work. She explains that shifts in hormones during times like postpartum (after childbirth), during monthly periods, and around menopause can lead to strong mood swings, including feelings of anger and hostility. She stresses that if women are informed about these possible mood changes and get help managing their symptoms, it can make a huge difference in their overall quality of life and health. The study's authors also believe we need more research to understand women's anger in everyday situations, which can give us even more helpful tips on managing emotions and anger. 

Older adults and anger management

why do old people do not get angry

Women and anger

Women and anger management

Anger gets better with age

menopause

During times of crisis or heightened emotions, we seek our elders for some clarity as well as for someone who will keep a cool head during these times. We are always told that wisdom and ways to handle difficult situations are things we gain as we age and a new study shows that this fact holds a lot of truth. We all remember our grandparents and how sweet, calm and patient they were, no matter how many times we messed up or did things that would anger our parents. A new study suggests this isn't just a personality trait but a skill that improves with age, particularly for women. Research published in the journal Menopause indicates that as women age, especially from middle age onward, their ability to manage anger significantly improves. Anger Intensifies, Expression Softens Here's the interesting part: this doesn't mean older women feel less angry. In fact, the study, which looked at information from 271 women over many years, found that they actually reported feeling angrier more often and more strongly as they aged. But here's the key difference: they were much less likely to show their anger outwardly or act in a hostile way. So, even though the feeling of anger might be stronger, their ability to control how they react becomes much better. They might feel it, but they don't necessarily let it burst out. Why the Shift? So, why does this happen? Researchers have a couple of ideas. One thought is that as women reach middle age and go through menopause, they often feel a stronger sense of "generativity." This basically means they feel a deep need to help and care for others, especially younger generations, and to make a positive impact on the world. This feeling might help them become more emotionally mature and integrated. Another idea is that women might become more strategic about how they express their anger. Instead of just lashing out, they might choose more positive and constructive ways to deal with their feelings, which can actually help improve their relationships. When women use anger in these more positive ways, they often feel more empowered and have better self-esteem. Knowing When Your Anger Is A ProblemAccording to the American Psychological Association, anger management aims to lessen both the strong feelings of anger you experience and the physical reactions it triggers in your body. While you can't always avoid or change the people or situations that make you angry, you can learn to control how you react. There are tests that can measure how intense your anger is, how often you get angry, and how well you handle it. However, if you're struggling with anger, you probably already know it. If your actions feel out of control or frightening to you, it might be time to seek help in finding healthier ways to deal with this powerful emotion. What Does This Study Imply? Experts point out that the changes women experience during menopause can really affect their mental well-being, both in their personal lives and at work. She explains that shifts in hormones during times like postpartum (after childbirth), during monthly periods, and around menopause can lead to strong mood swings, including feelings of anger and hostility. She stresses that if women are informed about these possible mood changes and get help managing their symptoms, it can make a huge difference in their overall quality of life and health. The study's authors also believe we need more research to understand women's anger in everyday situations, which can give us even more helpful tips on managing emotions and anger.  

older adults know how to manage their anger better with age: study

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Is Dairy The Reason You’re Having Nightmares? Science Says Maybe

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People have the ability to come up with great, unique, and different ideas from the rest. However, we have all had days when brainstorming doesn't fruit any good ideas for us. So, the natural next step is to look on the internet. However, doing this is not only ruining your thought process but it is also killing your creativity. A new study shows that if you are looking for new ideas, you should stay off the internet. 

Using the internet to find new ideas during group brainstorming sessions might actually stifle creativity, according to a study published on June 30 in the journal Memory &amp; Cognition. Researchers found that internet searches can hinder a group's ability to generate truly original ideas 

<h2>Internet's Impact on Creativity </h2>

The internet isn't making us less intelligent, but we might not be using it in the best ways for brainstorming. Researchers believe the internet can limit creativity because of something called "fixation effects." This means that when people see ideas from a search engine, they tend to think of other similar ideas. At the same time, these suggestions can block them from coming up with completely new or different answers. 

For example, if someone is trying to list things you might "spread" and sees "butter" or "jam" from the internet, they're more likely to think of other foods like "cream cheese." They'll be less likely to think of non-food ideas, like "disease" or "rumors." 

In a lab experiment with nearly 250 people, researchers looked at how groups came up with new uses for umbrellas and shields. They knew that there are many alternative uses for umbrellas online, but very few for shields. 

Groups that had internet access struggled to find new ideas for umbrellas. This was probably because seeing so many suggestions online narrowed their thinking. On the other hand, because there weren't many pre-existing ideas for shields, groups had more room for their creativity to grow. This study provides the first proof that internet searches can cause this "fixation effect. 

The results also showed that people who didn't use the internet were more imaginative. Those who used Google often came up with the same common answers, sometimes even in the same order. People who didn't use Google came up with more unique answers. 

However, researchers don't think we should avoid the internet when brainstorming. Instead, we need to find better ways to use search engines to boost our creative thinking. 

The hope is to understand how human thought interacts with technology so we can get the most out of the internet while reducing its downsides. For instance, doing some brainstorming without the internet first could help avoid getting stuck on existing ideas. The goal isn't to give up the power of online search, but to learn how to use it more effectively. 

Creativity blocks are normal, especially for people like designers writers as well as artists. However, due to the vagueness of this process, it is difficult to know when it will end or how to go about it. Here are some ways you can deal with it. 

Pinpoint the core reason for your creative block. Is it a lack of inspiration, confidence, or clarity? Understanding if it's personal, professional, or environmental, and whether it's temporary or chronic, helps you address the issue effectively. 

Combat creative blocks by changing your routine. Alter your environment, schedule, tools, or methods to introduce new stimuli. Working differently sparks fresh ideas, refreshes your mind, and prevents boredom from stifling creativity. 

Sometimes, stepping away is best. Relax, recharge, and distract yourself from creative frustration. Engage in unrelated activities like reading, listening, or exercising. This helps you return with a fresh perspective, but avoid procrastination. 

Overcome blocks by experimenting and iterating. Try different ideas and variations without attachment to perfection. Sketch, prototype, and revise to explore creative potential, discover new possibilities, and learn from any mistakes along the way. 

Accept creative block as a natural part of the process, not a failure. Embracing it helps overcome fear and self-doubt, motivating continued progress. Acknowledge, reframe, learn, and even celebrate the challenge to improve skills. 

Creativity block

Internet hinders creativity

Brainstorming ideas

Internet Kills Creativity

How internet impacts creativity

though process

People have the ability to come up with great, unique, and different ideas from the rest. However, we have all had days when brainstorming doesn't fruit any good ideas for us. So, the natural next step is to look on the internet. However, doing this is not only ruining your thought process but it is also killing your creativity. A new study shows that if you are looking for new ideas, you should stay off the internet. Using the internet to find new ideas during group brainstorming sessions might actually stifle creativity, according to a study published on June 30 in the journal Memory & Cognition. Researchers found that internet searches can hinder a group's ability to generate truly original ideas Internet's Impact on Creativity The internet isn't making us less intelligent, but we might not be using it in the best ways for brainstorming. Researchers believe the internet can limit creativity because of something called "fixation effects." This means that when people see ideas from a search engine, they tend to think of other similar ideas. At the same time, these suggestions can block them from coming up with completely new or different answers. For example, if someone is trying to list things you might "spread" and sees "butter" or "jam" from the internet, they're more likely to think of other foods like "cream cheese." They'll be less likely to think of non-food ideas, like "disease" or "rumors." What the Study Showed In a lab experiment with nearly 250 people, researchers looked at how groups came up with new uses for umbrellas and shields. They knew that there are many alternative uses for umbrellas online, but very few for shields. Groups that had internet access struggled to find new ideas for umbrellas. This was probably because seeing so many suggestions online narrowed their thinking. On the other hand, because there weren't many pre-existing ideas for shields, groups had more room for their creativity to grow. This study provides the first proof that internet searches can cause this "fixation effect. The results also showed that people who didn't use the internet were more imaginative. Those who used Google often came up with the same common answers, sometimes even in the same order. People who didn't use Google came up with more unique answers. Smarter Ways to Brainstorm However, researchers don't think we should avoid the internet when brainstorming. Instead, we need to find better ways to use search engines to boost our creative thinking. The hope is to understand how human thought interacts with technology so we can get the most out of the internet while reducing its downsides. For instance, doing some brainstorming without the internet first could help avoid getting stuck on existing ideas. The goal isn't to give up the power of online search, but to learn how to use it more effectively. Dealing With Creativity Blocks Creativity blocks are normal, especially for people like designers writers as well as artists. However, due to the vagueness of this process, it is difficult to know when it will end or how to go about it. Here are some ways you can deal with it. Identify the Root Cause Pinpoint the core reason for your creative block. Is it a lack of inspiration, confidence, or clarity? Understanding if it's personal, professional, or environmental, and whether it's temporary or chronic, helps you address the issue effectively. Break the Routine Combat creative blocks by changing your routine. Alter your environment, schedule, tools, or methods to introduce new stimuli. Working differently sparks fresh ideas, refreshes your mind, and prevents boredom from stifling creativity. Do Something Else Sometimes, stepping away is best. Relax, recharge, and distract yourself from creative frustration. Engage in unrelated activities like reading, listening, or exercising. This helps you return with a fresh perspective, but avoid procrastination. Experiment and Iterate Overcome blocks by experimenting and iterating. Try different ideas and variations without attachment to perfection. Sketch, prototype, and revise to explore creative potential, discover new possibilities, and learn from any mistakes along the way. Embrace the Challenge Accept creative block as a natural part of the process, not a failure. Embracing it helps overcome fear and self-doubt, motivating continued progress. Acknowledge, reframe, learn, and even celebrate the challenge to improve skills. 

Ishita Roy

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In 1998, a mysterious and deadly illness emerged among pig farmers in Malaysia, later identified as the <span>Nipah virus</span> (NiV), a bat-borne zoonotic pathogen from the Henipavirus genus. It caused severe respiratory illness and encephalitis, claiming over 100 lives and decimating the pig farming industry.

The virus reappeared in Singapore in 1999. Over time, it was clear that the outbreaks weren’t isolated events. NiV had entrenched itself across regions with certain ecological and socio-cultural conditions, particularly in South and Southeast Asia.

Today, NiV is considered one of the World Health Organization's priority diseases for research and development due to its high case fatality rate (up to 100% in some outbreaks), human-to-human transmissibility, and pandemic potential.

As of May 2024, there have been 754 confirmed human <span>Nipah</span> cases reported across five countries—Malaysia, Singapore, Bangladesh, India, and the Philippines—with 435 deaths, averaging a staggering case fatality rate (CFR) of 58%

<ul><li>Bangladesh: 341 cases, 241 deaths (CFR 71%)</li><li>India: 102 cases, 74 deaths (CFR 73%)</li><li>Malaysia: 283 cases, 109 deaths (CFR 39%)</li><li>Philippines: 17 cases, 9 deaths (CFR 53%)</li><li>Singapore: 11 cases, 1 death (CFR 9%)</li></ul>

Unlike Malaysia and the Philippines, where the virus spread through intermediate hosts like pigs or horses, cases in Bangladesh and India have been directly linked to bat-to-human transmission—primarily through the consumption of raw date palm sap contaminated by infected fruit <span>bats</span>.

<h5>Fruit Bats Are Permanent Reservoirs</h5>

Nipah virus resides in Pteropus fruit bats, which are widely distributed across Asia, the Pacific Islands, and even parts of Africa. These bats are natural carriers and do not show symptoms of the disease, making them difficult to monitor or control. NiV RNA and antibodies have been found in bats in at least 15 countries, including India, Cambodia, Indonesia, and Ghana.

In regions like Bangladesh, seasonal practices such as collecting fresh date palm sap—a delicacy also consumed raw—provide a direct interface between humans and bat secretions. The virus can contaminate sap through bat saliva or urine.

Moreover, in the Philippines, outbreaks were traced to the butchering and consumption of sick horses. These recurring interactions with potential intermediary hosts keep the door open for viral spillover.

Although not as contagious as influenza or COVID-19, human-to-human transmission of NiV has been confirmed in Bangladesh and India. Some outbreaks have shown vertical transmission (mother to child) and transmission among caregivers and family members.

This capability increases the risk of community spread, particularly in regions with delayed detection or inadequate isolation infrastructure.

Despite being on the global priority pathogen list, there is no licensed vaccine or specific treatment for Nipah. Management remains supportive, relying on early diagnosis and intensive care. In resource-constrained regions, especially rural South Asia, this becomes a daunting challenge.

<h4>Bangladesh and India: The Epicenters of Ongoing Risk</h4>

Since 2001, both Bangladesh and India have reported almost every year either isolated or clustered cases of Nipah virus, particularly in Kerala and West Bengal (India) and multiple districts in Bangladesh.

Notably, 2023 saw Bangladesh’s highest ever reported NiV cases and deaths. In 2024, the country reported two cases—both of which were fatal, marking a 100% CFR for the year

Efforts in both countries have been ramped up. Surveillance now includes:

<ul><li>Testing date palm sap for contamination</li><li>Educating communities to avoid raw consumption</li><li>Quarantining suspected cases</li><li>Expanding diagnostic labs and outbreak response teams</li></ul>

Still, challenges remain due to cultural habits, lack of rapid testing in rural areas, and public fatigue around health advisories.

Though human NiV cases have so far been reported only in Asia, the potential for global spread exists. Several factors fuel this concern:

<strong>Genetic adaptability: </strong>The virus has shown potential for genetic reassortment, raising fears of a more transmissible strain.

<strong>Broad geographic distribution: </strong>NiV-carrying bats exist far beyond the current outbreak zones.

<strong>Environmental change: </strong>Deforestation, land-use changes, and climate shifts are bringing bats closer to human habitats.

<strong>Global travel and trade:</strong> A delayed diagnosis in one international traveler could enable the virus to spread outside endemic zones.

<h5>A Global “One Health” Approach</h5>

The study by Sakirul Khan et al. emphasizes the urgent need for multisectoral collaboration—involving human health, veterinary, and environmental sciences—to monitor and prevent outbreaks

. A “One World, One Health” model is key.

<ul><li>Strengthening high-containment laboratories in risk zones</li><li>Continuous monitoring of viral genetic changes</li><li>Developing and testing vaccines and antiviral therapies</li><li>Investing in bat ecology research and habitat protection</li><li>Community engagement and behavioral change strategies</li></ul>

nipah

health and wellness

health news

NIPAH virus

bats

22 species of bat virus

In 1998, a mysterious and deadly illness emerged among pig farmers in Malaysia, later identified as the Nipah virus (NiV), a bat-borne zoonotic pathogen from the Henipavirus genus. It caused severe respiratory illness and encephalitis, claiming over 100 lives and decimating the pig farming industry.The virus reappeared in Singapore in 1999. Over time, it was clear that the outbreaks weren’t isolated events. NiV had entrenched itself across regions with certain ecological and socio-cultural conditions, particularly in South and Southeast Asia.Today, NiV is considered one of the World Health Organization's priority diseases for research and development due to its high case fatality rate (up to 100% in some outbreaks), human-to-human transmissibility, and pandemic potential.25 Years, 754 Cases, 435 DeathsAs of May 2024, there have been 754 confirmed human Nipah cases reported across five countries—Malaysia, Singapore, Bangladesh, India, and the Philippines—with 435 deaths, averaging a staggering case fatality rate (CFR) of 58%.The most affected countries are:Bangladesh: 341 cases, 241 deaths (CFR 71%)India: 102 cases, 74 deaths (CFR 73%)Malaysia: 283 cases, 109 deaths (CFR 39%)Philippines: 17 cases, 9 deaths (CFR 53%)Singapore: 11 cases, 1 death (CFR 9%)Unlike Malaysia and the Philippines, where the virus spread through intermediate hosts like pigs or horses, cases in Bangladesh and India have been directly linked to bat-to-human transmission—primarily through the consumption of raw date palm sap contaminated by infected fruit bats.Why Does Nipah Still Exist?Fruit Bats Are Permanent ReservoirsNipah virus resides in Pteropus fruit bats, which are widely distributed across Asia, the Pacific Islands, and even parts of Africa. These bats are natural carriers and do not show symptoms of the disease, making them difficult to monitor or control. NiV RNA and antibodies have been found in bats in at least 15 countries, including India, Cambodia, Indonesia, and Ghana.Human Habits Enable SpilloverIn regions like Bangladesh, seasonal practices such as collecting fresh date palm sap—a delicacy also consumed raw—provide a direct interface between humans and bat secretions. The virus can contaminate sap through bat saliva or urine.Moreover, in the Philippines, outbreaks were traced to the butchering and consumption of sick horses. These recurring interactions with potential intermediary hosts keep the door open for viral spillover.Human-to-Human TransmissionAlthough not as contagious as influenza or COVID-19, human-to-human transmission of NiV has been confirmed in Bangladesh and India. Some outbreaks have shown vertical transmission (mother to child) and transmission among caregivers and family members.This capability increases the risk of community spread, particularly in regions with delayed detection or inadequate isolation infrastructure.No Vaccine, No CureDespite being on the global priority pathogen list, there is no licensed vaccine or specific treatment for Nipah. Management remains supportive, relying on early diagnosis and intensive care. In resource-constrained regions, especially rural South Asia, this becomes a daunting challenge.Bangladesh and India: The Epicenters of Ongoing RiskSince 2001, both Bangladesh and India have reported almost every year either isolated or clustered cases of Nipah virus, particularly in Kerala and West Bengal (India) and multiple districts in Bangladesh.Notably, 2023 saw Bangladesh’s highest ever reported NiV cases and deaths. In 2024, the country reported two cases—both of which were fatal, marking a 100% CFR for the year.Efforts in both countries have been ramped up. Surveillance now includes:Testing date palm sap for contaminationEducating communities to avoid raw consumptionQuarantining suspected casesExpanding diagnostic labs and outbreak response teamsStill, challenges remain due to cultural habits, lack of rapid testing in rural areas, and public fatigue around health advisories.The Risk of a Wider SpreadThough human NiV cases have so far been reported only in Asia, the potential for global spread exists. Several factors fuel this concern:Genetic adaptability: The virus has shown potential for genetic reassortment, raising fears of a more transmissible strain.Broad geographic distribution: NiV-carrying bats exist far beyond the current outbreak zones.Environmental change: Deforestation, land-use changes, and climate shifts are bringing bats closer to human habitats.Global travel and trade: A delayed diagnosis in one international traveler could enable the virus to spread outside endemic zones.What Needs to Be Done?A Global “One Health” ApproachThe study by Sakirul Khan et al. emphasizes the urgent need for multisectoral collaboration—involving human health, veterinary, and environmental sciences—to monitor and prevent outbreaks. A “One World, One Health” model is key.Steps must include:Strengthening high-containment laboratories in risk zonesContinuous monitoring of viral genetic changesDeveloping and testing vaccines and antiviral therapiesInvesting in bat ecology research and habitat protectionCommunity engagement and behavioral change strategies

why the nipah virus still persists after 25 years in southeast asia

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