If you have ever slept on your arm and your leg, you might feel like a pins and needles sensation. Some people describe it as a fuzzy numbness, while for others it could be a prickling sensation. Medically, this term is known as paresthesia, which literally translates to "abnormal feeling". In many ways, it actually is the way we feel due to the changes in nerve function.

What Causes this Feeling?

Before we get into that, let's identify how can you take a note of it:

• where you feel the sensation
• how long does the sensation last
• when it first started
• whether or not it is associated with certain positions or postures

Pressure

If you notice that sensation is associated with specific position like sitting or crossing your legs, then it could be related to pressure. When you put pressure on certain areas of your body, it can lead to compression of both, a nerve and its blood supply. Therefore, it temporarily interferes with nerve's function and you experience paresthesia.

Medicines

There are certain medicines for conditions like HIV and cancer can affect nerve function and could lead to paresthesia. Certain supplements too can contribute to paresthesia. A bodybuilding supplement called beta-alanine is also known to cause pins and needles sensation.

As per a 2012 study titled Mechanisms of Itch Evoked by β-Alanine showed that beta-alanine makes your nerves more sensitive, resulting in itching and tingling sensations. There are long-term supplementation of vitamin B6 can also cause you to feel the sensation, especially if you feel numbness in hands and feet.

Other causes

There are other causes which are also related to such feeling:

• stroke or transient ischemic attack
• head or limb trauma
• vitamin B12 deficiency
• multiple sclerosis
• panic attack
• diabetes
• alcohol abuse
• carpal-, cubital-, or tarsal tunnel syndrome
• sciatica
• thoracic outlet syndrome
• sjogren’s syndrome
• systemic sclerosis
• vasculitis
• rheumatoid arthritis
• lupus
• encephalitis
• Lyme disease
• HIV
• heavy metal toxicity
• tumor

Is This Pins And Needles Feeling Dangerous?

This feeling is usually not dangerous, however, if there are underlying cause, it could be worrisome.

Concerning symptoms may include:

• fever
• fatigue
• weakness
• unintended weight loss
• night sweats
• body aches
• changes in vision, hearing, or speech
• changes in appetite or thirst
• dizziness
• light-headedness
• anxiety
• pain from a recent injury to the area
• recent or current illness

What Does This Feel Like?

The pins and needles feels like burning, pricking, itching, and crawling. The most common way people describe this as is "fallen asleep" of a certain body part. It starts as a tingling numbness and becomes a bit dull, and fuzzy feeling.

What can be done when such happens all over your body?

Usually, this sensation is rare in all over your body and it only affects a couple of your body parts. For instance, in vitamin B6-related paresthesia, you feel the sensation in your hands and feel but not in other body parts.

However, if you do feel so, you can first try to reposition yourself, and do some stretches which will help you improve your blood circulation. If changing positions does not work, go see your healthcare professional and consult with them for any medication.

Vaccinated for human papillomavirus (HPV)? Now, take that Pap smear test. This is the most common advice women hear to prevent the risk of cervical cancer that annually causes around 6,60,000 new cases and around 350,000 deaths worldwide.

However, it's easier said than done for most of the fairer sex.

A Pap smear is typically a gynecological examination where a speculum is inserted to collect cells from the cervix.

Although the procedure is brief and generally safe, the discomfort discourages many from getting screened. Fear of pain, anxiety of the results, form the common psychological barriers worldwide, and is followed by shame, cultural attitudes, and concerns with male clinicians.

A study in Iran, published in the BMJ Open journal in January 2024, showed that psychological stress, cultural issues, and fear, along with limited information and health services, were the biggest hindrances to getting Pap tests.

Another research published in the BMC Women's Health in December 2022, focusing on Africa, Asia, and South America, reported that many women avoided or delayed Pap smears because they are afraid the procedure will hurt. Many also reported being embarrassed about the pelvic exam or fear of having a stranger see their private areas. Some also worried that the test could damage the uterus.

A Pap Smear test, however, is proven to be safe and is recommended for every woman above the age of 21 years.

“A Pap smear is a rapid, safe, and painless screening procedure that detects irregular cellular changes well before they become malignant. The ability to treat at this pre-cancerous stage of disease provides an excellent outcome,” Dr. Tirathram Kaushik, Senior Consultant GI, HPB, Gastrointestinal & Thoracic Oncology and Robotic Surgery, HCG Cancer Centre, Borivali, told HealthandMe.

A 2025 study, published in the Journal of Contemporary Clinical Practice, showed that pap smears are excellent at ruling out precancerous risks. It also remains a valuable screening tool where molecular testing is limited.

There are many myths about Pap smears that make people anxious or avoid screening. Let’s clear up the most common ones:

Pap Smears Are Painful

The Pap smear procedure, which takes only a few minutes, is often described as uncomfortable. While some feel like a quick pinch, others experience slight discomfort or spotting. Severe pain is not considered normal.

“From an oncology perspective, this myth results in a delay in diagnosis. Cervical cancer often occurs silently in its early stages, without any noticeable symptoms,” Kaushik said.

I Am Healthy, So I don’t need A Pap Smear

While individuals may feel completely well, they still have abnormal cells developing silently. As a result, regular Pap smear screening is important because it detects these changes early -- before they turn into cervical cancer.

“The HPV infection and subsequent changes that lead to cervical cancer happen slowly over many years. HPV infection is also very common, and one in two women is likely to get infected. Regular screening by a Pap smear will help to catch infection early before it can convert into cancer,” Dr. Deepak Jha, Chief - Breast Surgery & Sr. Consultant Surgical Oncology, Artemis Hospitals, told HealthandMe.

I Have Only One Partner, So I don’t need Screening

“HPV doesn’t need penetrative sex for infection. It can be transferred if there is any contact of bodily fluid. It’s always safe to test and be assured rather than repent later,” Dr. Jha said.

Testing Means Cervical Cancer

“Even if HPV is detected, it usually indicates a pre-cancerous stage that is highly treatable,” Dr. Parminder Kaur, Consultant Gynecologic Oncologist at CK Birla Hospital, Delhi, told HealthandMe.

Moreover, a Pap smear only screens for cervical cancer; it can’t detect other gynecological cancers such as cervical, ovarian, uterine (endometrial), vaginal, and vulvar cancers. So, screening and appropriate tests for those will be required, irrespective of the Pap smear.

I Am old, So I don’t need A Pap Smear

I Got Vaccinated, So I Do Not Need A Pap Smear

Irrespective of vaccinated status, a woman should go for regular screening between the ages of 25 and 79. Also, if a woman already had HPV exposure before being vaccinated, she would not benefit, the experts said.

“Screening is not just a routine procedure - it is a preventive measure. In the treatment of cancer, early detection alters the disease course, whereas waiting for symptoms to develop means the disease is likely to be already advanced,” Dr. Kaushik said.

Dr Kaur called for more awareness and stated that open discussion are key to help more women take the important screening test.

When To Get Screened

The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) and the American Cancer Society (ACS) recommend getting your first Pap test at age 21, followed by Pap testing every 3 years. Even if you are sexually active, you do not need a Pap test before age 21.

• Individuals must start getting Pap tests at age 21. If the result is normal, repeat the test after three years.
• For individuals aged between 30 and 65 years old, doctors are likely to recommend an HPV test along with a Pap test. If both are normal, repeat after five years.

In women older than 65, you don't need to be screened anymore if:

• You have had at least three Pap tests or two HPV tests in the past 10 years, and the test results were normal or negative, and
• You have not had a cervical precancer in the past, or
• You have had your cervix removed as part of a total hysterectomy for non-cancerous conditions, like fibroids.

Vitamin B12 might sound like just another nutrient on a health label but it plays a major role in how your body works. The vitamin is crucial in helping the body produce red blood cells, supports your nervous system and essential for making DNA, which is the genetic material inside all your cells.

Symptoms of a Vitamin B12 deficiency often appear slowly. You may not notice them at first, or may blame them on stress, lack of sleep or a busy schedule. However, if this deficiency continues for too long, it could lead to serious health problems.

Here are three key signs to look out for:

1. Ongoing Fatigue and Weakness

Vitamin B12 is extremely crucial for making red blood cells who are responsible for carrying oxygen from your lungs to the rest of your body. Oxygen is what your cells need to produce energy.

Without adequate levels of B12, the body cannot produce enough healthy red blood cells, leading to a condition called anemia.

This can make you feel constantly exhausted, even after getting enough sleep. You may also feel weak, short of breath or find that everyday tasks feel harder to do than they generally are.

If the fatigue feels persistent and does not improve with rest, it is important to seek a consultation with a doctor.

2. Tingling or Numbness in the Hands and Feet

Vitamin B12 is also essential for maintaining the myelin sheath, a protective covering around your nerves. You can think of it like the protective plastic that we see around electrical wires. It helps nerve signals travel quickly and correctly between your brain and the rest of your body.

When B12 levels are too low, this protective layer can become damaged and subsequently lead to nerve signals slowing down or misfiring. This may lead you to feel pins and needles, tingling or numbness in your hands and feet. Some people also experience burning sensations or difficulty with balance.

At first, it may seem minor, such as your foot ‘falling asleep’. But if these sensations happen often or without a clear reason, they should not be ignored. Long-term B12 deficiency can cause permanent nerve damage, which is why early medical consultations are important.

3. Brain Fog, Memory Problems or Mood Changes

Your brain also depends on vitamin B12. It helps your body produce neurotransmitters, which are chemicals that allow brain cells to communicate with each other. These chemicals influence memory, focus and mood.

When B12 levels are low, communication between brain cells may not work as efficiently. You may notice difficulty concentrating, forgetfulness or a feeling of mental fog. Some people feel more irritable, anxious or unusually low in mood.

As these symptoms are common during stressful times, they are often dismissed. However, if you feel mentally different from your usual self for a long period, it is important to investigate the cause.

Why Does B12 Deficiency Happen?

Vitamin B12 is mainly found in animal-based foods such as meat, fish, eggs and dairy products. People who follow vegetarian or vegan diets may need fortified foods or supplements to get enough.

Absorption is also a key factor. Vitamin B12 needs a special protein in the stomach called intrinsic factor to be absorbed properly. Certain medical conditions, medications, or aging can reduce absorption. This means that even if someone eats enough B12, their body may not absorb it efficiently.

When to See a Doctor

If you experience ongoing fatigue, tingling sensations or noticeable changes in memory or mood, consult a healthcare professional. A simple blood test can measure your B12 levels.

The good news is that Vitamin B12 deficiency is usually treatable. Treatment may include dietary changes, oral supplements or, in more severe cases, injections. When identified early, most people recover well.

The Bottom Line

Vitamin B12 supports your blood, nerves and brain. A deficiency can quietly affect your energy, sensation and thinking over time.

Pay attention to persistent changes in your body. If something feels consistently wrong, it is important to seek medical advice. Early detection can prevent long-term complications and help restore your health.

Measles outbreak in the US which started in 2025 has drained the country in millions of dollars. NBC News reports Katherine Wells, who heads Lubbock's public health department needed more staff to respond to the outbreak in West Texas. The outbreak was concentrated in Gaines County, an hour away from her.

“We were really relying on staff that aren’t hourly, because I can work them for 80 hours if I have to, which is horrible,” Wells said. In an emergency planning meetings with Texas Department of State Health Services, she asked for $100,000 to hire temporary workers. However, the answer to her requests were a constant no. While the state sent few travel nurses, there was no extra funding.

Public health teams move quickly when measles strikes. Every exposed person must be traced, their vaccination status checked and, if needed, persuaded to get the MMR shot or stay home in quarantine for up to three weeks.

In Lubbock, Texas, one such outbreak that began in a largely unvaccinated Mennonite community forced local health official Wells to divert at least half her staff to outbreak response, on top of their routine responsibilities. The virus spread for months before it was contained, stretching already thin resources.

The Growing Financial Toll Of Falling Vaccination Rates

Declining immunization coverage is compounding the challenge. Since 2019, more than two-thirds of US counties have reported significant drops in vaccination rates, according to an NBC News and Stanford University investigation. In states that track measles, mumps and rubella coverage, 67 percent of counties fall below the threshold required to prevent outbreaks.

A new report from the Yale School of Public Health warns that the economic consequences could be staggering if that trend continues. Researchers estimate that if measles vaccination rates fall by just 1 percent annually over the next five years, the United States could face costs of up to $1.5 billion each year.

Using county-level vaccination data and mathematical modelling, the team projected future measles cases, hospitalizations and related expenses. Their findings suggest that $41.1 million annually would be needed to cover direct medical care, including insurance costs. Public health responses such as contact tracing and surveillance could require $947 million each year. Lost productivity from sick workers or parents caring for ill children may add another $510.4 million.

Dr Dave Chokshi, chair of the Common Health Coalition and a former New York City health commissioner, said outbreaks ripple across the entire health system. Beyond the immediate human suffering, he noted, there are broader economic effects: employees missing work, overstretched public health departments and hospitals absorbing the strain of emergency response.

Measles was declared eliminated in the United States in 2000, meaning sustained transmission had been halted. Since then, sporadic outbreaks have typically been controlled quickly. However, falling vaccination rates now threaten that status and raise the risk of larger, harder-to-contain outbreaks.

In late January 2025, as President Donald Trump began his second term, measles cases were again spreading in West Texas. Under his administration and the leadership of Health Secretary Robert F Kennedy Jr., federal messaging has emphasized personal choice around childhood vaccination rather than strongly promoting immunization as a public health imperative.

Read: Two Passengers From Singapore Airlines Arrive In New Zealand With Measles

The numbers are already concerning. In the first two months of 2026, more than 1,000 measles cases were confirmed, nearly half of the 2,281 reported throughout 2025. Ninety-four percent of those infected were unvaccinated.

Separate research from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health estimates that the immediate financial impact of a measles outbreak on a community averages about $244,480. That figure reflects what local and state health departments typically spend on vaccine clinics, staffing and other response measures before an outbreak is brought under control.

Taken together, the data suggest that the cost of declining vaccination rates is not only measured in preventable illness, but also in mounting economic strain on communities and the health system at large.

What Is Measles?

Measles has a high transmissibility, and high measles immunity levels are required to prevent sustained measles virus transmission.

This is why herd immunity for measles could be easily breached.

It easily spreads from one infected person to another through breathes, coughs or sneezes and could cause severe disease, complications, and even death.

Symptoms include:

• High fever
• Cough
• Runny Nose
• Rash all over the body

The most unique symptom or the early sign of measles in the Koplik spots. These are tiny white dots that look like grains of salt on red gums inside the cheeks that appear before the red rash starts to appear on a person's face and then the body.

Furthermore, the symptoms of measles are also characterized by the three Cs:

• Cough
• Coryza or runny nose
• Conjunctivitis or red and water eyes