Riya Baibhawi

Explained: What Is Vaccine-Derived Polio? Can You Get It From Oral Drops?

Vaccine-derived Polio

A team of doctors from the <span>World Health Organization</span> (WHO) arrived in Tikrikilla, Meghalaya, on Thursday to collect samples after a two-year-old boy was diagnosed with symptoms of vaccine-derived <span><a href="https://www.healthandme.com/health/polio">Polio</a></span>. The village, known for its low vaccination coverage against the disease, is on alert and has scaled up preventive measures. Meghalaya Chief Minister Conrad K. Sangma confirmed that the toddler was diagnosed with acute flaccid paralysis at a hospital in Goalpara, Assam, more than a week ago. 

<h2>Understanding vaccine-derived Polio</h2>

Vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a rare but concerning strain linked to the oral polio vaccine (OPV). Each drop of OPV contains a live but weakened version of the virus, designed to build immunity. However, occasionally, this weakened virus replicates in the intestines and is excreted in stool, spreading faster in areas with poor sanitation.

As the virus circulates, it can mutate and revert to a form that causes paralysis, resembling wild poliovirus. If this mutated strain spreads among unvaccinated individuals, it can lead to an outbreak of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV). The case in Meghalaya is currently being investigated to determine if it involves wild poliovirus or a vaccine-derived strain.

<h2>Can oral vaccine drops trigger <span rel="noindex">polio outbreak</span>?</h2>

The oral polio vaccine is effective in preventing the spread of polio and has played a crucial role in the near-global eradication of the disease. It contains attenuated (weakened) forms of one (monovalent OPV), two (bivalent OPV), or all three (trivalent OPV) types of the poliovirus. However, if the virus mutates, as mentioned earlier, it can trigger an outbreak of the deadly polio infection. 

The risk of vaccine-derived polio is exceptionally low compared to the benefits of widespread immunization. According to WHO, more than 10 billion doses of OPV have been administered to nearly three billion children since 2000, preventing countless cases of polio and saving millions of lives.

Poliomyelitis (polio) is a highly infectious viral disease primarily affecting children under five years old. The virus spreads through person-to-person contact, mainly via the fecal-oral route, or through contaminated food and water. Once inside the body, the virus multiplies in the intestines and can invade the nervous system, leading to paralysis and death, in certain cases. 

While global vaccination efforts have nearly eradicated polio, isolated cases like the one suspected in Meghalaya highlight the importance of immunizing all populations against the deadly virus. The WHO continues to emphasize the need for vigilant surveillance and rapid response to any potential outbreaks, whether caused by wild or vaccine-derived poliovirus.

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A team of doctors from the World Health Organization (WHO) arrived in Tikrikilla, Meghalaya, on Thursday to collect samples after a two-year-old boy was diagnosed with symptoms of vaccine-derived Polio. The village, known for its low vaccination coverage against the disease, is on alert and has scaled up preventive measures. Meghalaya Chief Minister Conrad K. Sangma confirmed that the toddler was diagnosed with acute flaccid paralysis at a hospital in Goalpara, Assam, more than a week ago. Understanding vaccine-derived PolioVaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a rare but concerning strain linked to the oral polio vaccine (OPV). Each drop of OPV contains a live but weakened version of the virus, designed to build immunity. However, occasionally, this weakened virus replicates in the intestines and is excreted in stool, spreading faster in areas with poor sanitation.As the virus circulates, it can mutate and revert to a form that causes paralysis, resembling wild poliovirus. If this mutated strain spreads among unvaccinated individuals, it can lead to an outbreak of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV). The case in Meghalaya is currently being investigated to determine if it involves wild poliovirus or a vaccine-derived strain.Can oral vaccine drops trigger polio outbreak?The oral polio vaccine is effective in preventing the spread of polio and has played a crucial role in the near-global eradication of the disease. It contains attenuated (weakened) forms of one (monovalent OPV), two (bivalent OPV), or all three (trivalent OPV) types of the poliovirus. However, if the virus mutates, as mentioned earlier, it can trigger an outbreak of the deadly polio infection. The risk of vaccine-derived polio is exceptionally low compared to the benefits of widespread immunization. According to WHO, more than 10 billion doses of OPV have been administered to nearly three billion children since 2000, preventing countless cases of polio and saving millions of lives.How lethal is Polio?Poliomyelitis (polio) is a highly infectious viral disease primarily affecting children under five years old. The virus spreads through person-to-person contact, mainly via the fecal-oral route, or through contaminated food and water. Once inside the body, the virus multiplies in the intestines and can invade the nervous system, leading to paralysis and death, in certain cases. While global vaccination efforts have nearly eradicated polio, isolated cases like the one suspected in Meghalaya highlight the importance of immunizing all populations against the deadly virus. The WHO continues to emphasize the need for vigilant surveillance and rapid response to any potential outbreaks, whether caused by wild or vaccine-derived poliovirus.