Contact lenses are curved optical lenses that are placed on the cornea of the eye to correct vision problems. Many fall asleep wearing them, which often results in distress. Recent research has shown that one-third of contact wearers accidentally fall asleep with their lenses still in, often experiencing dryness and other issues. While mild discomfort causes no harm, sleeping with contact lenses is linked to a significant increase in the risk of serious eye infections, even permanent damage if not addressed on time.

Lenses Are Approved For Sleep, But Are They Safe?

Some contact lenses are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for extended wear, including overnight use. However, experts, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), warn that even approved lenses can pose a risk when worn during sleep. While the FDA has cleared certain lenses for overnight use, sleeping in any lenses still increases the likelihood of eye infections by six to eight times. Infections can cause permanent damage to the cornea and, in rare cases, result in loss of vision. The CDC emphasizes that wearing contact lenses—whether for vision correction or purely for cosmetic purposes—during sleep significantly increases the risk of infection.

Who's At Risk?

Nearly all contact lens wearers are at risk, but studies show that younger and older adults are particularly prone to practices that can lead to eye infections. Research reveals that 85% of teenage contact lens wearers, 81% of young adults, and 88% of older adults engage in at least one risky behaviour, such as sleeping in their contacts. Young adults and older adults are especially vulnerable, as they tend to wear lenses overnight more frequently.

How Does Sleeping In Contacts Raise Your Risk of Infection?

When you’re awake, blinking keeps your eyes moist, and the natural flow of oxygen through your tears helps protect your eyes from infection. However, when you sleep in contact lenses, the lenses block oxygen from reaching your cornea. This lack of oxygen, known as hypoxia, weakens the cornea’s ability to fight off bacteria, increasing the risk of infection.

What Can Go Wrong?

Several eye conditions can result from sleeping in contact lenses, including:

1. Bacterial Keratitis: This infection affects the cornea and is often caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Extended-wear lenses, weakened immune systems, and eye injuries can all increase the risk of bacterial keratitis. If untreated, this condition can cause permanent corneal scarring.

2. Acanthamoeba Keratitis: Acanthamoeba, a microscopic amoeba found in water, can lead to severe eye infections. This condition can develop if you wear your contacts while swimming or rinse them with tap water. Treatment requires a prolonged regimen of medicated eye drops, and in some cases, surgery may be necessary.

3. Fungal Keratitis: Fungal infections of the cornea are more common in tropical climates but can occur anywhere. If left untreated, fungal keratitis can result in blindness. Trauma, such as exposure to plants, often triggers this condition in contact lens wearers.

What If I Accidentally Fall Asleep in My Contacts?

If you ever accidentally fall asleep with your contacts on, the first thing that you should do is remove them at the earliest. If you have trouble removing them, don't pull forcefully—use sterile artificial tear drops to moisten your eyes and loosen the lenses. Then wait five to ten minutes and gently remove them. It is important to note that you should avoid wearing your contacts for the rest of the day and monitor your eyes for any signs of discomfort or infection. If symptoms like blurred vision, redness, or excessive tearing develop, consult an eye doctor immediately.

After years of trying, what happens when hope feels like it's slipping away? That’s exactly where Rosie and her husband found themselves—staring down nearly two decades of infertility and 15 failed IVF cycles but just when they had exhausted every known option, a cutting-edge AI tool offered a new kind of possibility. This isn’t the story of another treatment attempt—it’s the story of a medical breakthrough that’s redefining what’s possible for couples facing male infertility. Could AI finally be the game-changer reproductive medicine has been waiting for?

In a world where infertility often feels like a lifelong sentence for couples, a revolutionary AI-based technology has made what once seemed impossible — possible. At Columbia University Fertility Center, a couple's two-decade-long struggle with infertility was finally brought to an end, not by chance or conventional medicine, but by a machine. The result? A historic pregnancy — the first ever achieved using a groundbreaking artificial intelligence system named STAR (Sperm Track and Recovery).

For 38-year-old Rosie and her husband, this wasn’t just a clinical success story — it was the fulfillment of a dream that had slipped through their fingers for nearly 19 years. With 15 failed IVF attempts behind them and a diagnosis of male infertility due to azoospermia, they had begun to lose hope. But an AI system inspired by astrophysics offered them — and many others — a new lease on fertility.

Male infertility contributes to around 40% of all infertility cases, and azoospermia — the absence of detectable sperm in semen — accounts for about 10% of these. Until recently, azoospermia was almost a dead-end diagnosis. Options were limited to sperm donors or invasive surgeries with low success rates and significant physical and emotional tolls.

The traditional process of sperm detection relied heavily on the trained eyes of embryologists painstakingly examining semen samples for hours or even days. Even after exhaustive efforts, in many cases, no sperm would be found. That’s where the STAR system marks a dramatic shift.

How The AI Procedure Works?

The innovation at the heart of this breakthrough, STAR was developed by Dr. Zev Williams and his team over five years. The AI tool combines an algorithm with a fluidic microchip that scans millions of cells at lightning speed. When rare sperm cells are detected, the system diverts and isolates them for use in fertilization.

This method mirrors astronomical AI tools used to detect new stars in the sky — now applied to fertility science. The STAR system can analyze up to 8 million images in an hour, far outpacing human capability.

In one extraordinary test, where embryologists failed to find a single sperm after two full days of manual analysis, STAR identified 44 sperm in less than 60 minutes.

What’s equally remarkable is that Rosie’s successful pregnancy required no new or additional IVF protocols. The fertilization process followed the standard IVF timeline, eggs retrieved from Rosie were fertilized using sperm isolated by STAR. Within two hours, the team confirmed successful fertilization.

Now four months pregnant, Rosie reflects on the surreal nature of her experience. “I still wake up in the morning and can’t believe this is real,” she says. “I kept my expectations low because after so many failures, I couldn’t handle another heartbreak. But this was different.”

Rosie and her husband had not taken their journey lightly. Grounded in their Orthodox Jewish faith, they persisted through emotional trials, surgeries, and consultations with specialists from across the globe. Their search for answers even led them to controversial chemical-based methods that ultimately yielded no success.

The introduction to STAR came via a community support group. With deep curiosity and cautious optimism, they engaged with Dr. Williams’ team. “We knew what STAR was trying to do. It gave us hope that sperm could be found without invasive methods or chemicals,” says Rosie.

Unlike past IVF attempts, the STAR-assisted cycle required no extra testing or procedure changes. The simplicity and precision of the technology proved transformative.

While this marks a milestone in fertility treatment for azoospermia, Dr. Williams believes it’s just the beginning. “There are things going on that we are blind to right now,” he explains. “But with AI, we’re finally seeing those blind spots. This could open the door for many couples told they had no chance.”

STAR represents a paradigm shift. Not only does it detect sperm, but it actively isolates them — a dual function that sets it apart from existing AI tools that only detect without collecting. This innovation allows even the rarest viable sperm to be collected in real-time for immediate use or future preservation.

In the clinical process, doctors use multiple semen samples to maximize the chance of success. Sperm isolated by STAR are frozen ahead of time, and a fresh sample is processed on the day of egg retrieval. This layered approach ensures backup options if no sperm are detected in the fresh sample.

In Rosie’s case, the system worked efficiently. Her husband’s sperm was collected, STAR located viable sperm, fertilization occurred the same day, and the embryos were transferred just days later.

“Usually in IVF cycles, we have more sperm than eggs,” says Dr. Williams. “But with azoospermia, it’s the opposite. STAR flips that equation.”

What This Means For Future Fertility Treatment?

While this pregnancy was a first, it signals a sea change in how science approaches male infertility. The Columbia team hopes to expand the use of STAR, refine its algorithm, and eventually use AI in tackling female infertility and other complex reproductive challenges.

With each cycle, each image scanned, and each isolated cell, STAR gives voice to a quiet revolution in reproductive health — one driven by technology, empathy, and unwavering human resolve.

Rosie’s journey — filled with patience, faith, and scientific innovation — stands as a testament to the potential of AI in medicine. As she continues her pregnancy, she remains cautiously optimistic, grateful, and hopeful that this technology will bring joy to countless others.

“I’m still in awe,” she says. “But if STAR worked for us, it can work for others too. It’s hope in a chip.”

As we enter another COVID season, experts are sounding the alarm about a newly emerging strain: XEC, a recombinant subvariant of the Omicron family. First detected in Germany in June 2024, XEC has since become established in the United Kingdom, United States, Denmark, and a number of other nations.

XEC is currently under close monitoring by health officials following its sharp increase in prevalence. By early December 2024, CDC statistics projected XEC was responsible for 45% of new COVID-19 infections within the U.S., surpassing other circulating variants such as KP3.1.1. This peak occurred just as winter infections were reaching their peak, a period that normally involves spikes in flu and coronavirus hospitalizations.

So what is XEC unique? It is what scientists describe as a "recombinant strain"—a genetic mashup created when an individual is infected with two distinct COVID strains simultaneously. For XEC, it is a combination of Omicron sublineages KP.3.3 (a lineage of the FLiRT variants) and KS.1.1. Such genetic mixing can lead to a "big jump" in viral evolution, virologists say, enabling XEC to potentially circumvent previous immunity more effectively than earlier subvariants.

1. XEC Symptoms: Should You Be Concerned?

The most common question asked is if XEC arrives with more serious symptoms or new symptoms to monitor. Fortunately, the reply—at least for now—is no. Healthcare specialists verify that XEC does not produce significantly altered or more serious illness than other Omicron-based variants.

The majority of symptoms are in line with earlier COVID presentations, such as:

• Cough, sore throat, or congestion
• Fever or chills
• Headaches and exhaustion
• Muscle pain or body ache
• Gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea
• Loss of smell and taste in a few instances

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has said that although the symptoms initially present themselves as mild, they can become severe based on the age, immunity, or condition of a person. The majority of individuals recover within 1–2 weeks, although susceptible populations like the aged and immunocompromised remain at increased risk for complications.

That being said, routine testing is no longer as commonplace, which complicates estimating just how common XEC really is in the moment. Experts recommend staying vigilant about symptoms and not dismissing a sore throat or cough as a cold—particularly during the height of respiratory virus season.

2. Is the Current Vaccine Effective Against XEC?

Here's the good news: the new 2024–2025 COVID-19 vaccines should offer robust protection against XEC.

While XEC was not individually included in the vaccine, it stems from two Omicron subvariants that were targeted in the creation of the newer Pfizer, Moderna, and Novavax vaccines. The new mRNA vaccines, debuted in August 2024, were specifically formulated to address KP.2—a prevalent strain from earlier in the year—but they have proven effective in cross-protection against more recent variants such as XEC and MC.1.

No vaccine can ever be perfectly matched for a virus that so quickly mutates, the makeup of the existing vaccines provides broad protection.

Despite XEC being recombinant, it's made up of two Omicron subvariants that were anticipated to be taken care of by the new vaccines. I'm hopeful we're still going to have a decent degree of immunity from prior infection and also from the boosters that we've already got.

Who Needs Vaccination?

The following are eligible or highly recommended by the CDC and NHS to receive a free booster dose:

• Adults aged 65 years and above
• People over 6 months old in a clinical risk group
• Residents of older person care homes
• Frontline health and social workers

The primary COVID and flu immunization drives are normally carried out from the month of October, but the more vulnerable groups can be vaccinated before then.

3. How to Protect Yourself From the XEC Variant?

With XEC having become responsible for practically half of all COVID cases in the U.S., it is important to stay aware and proactive.

Vaccination Is Your First Line of Defense

If you have not yet gotten the new 2024–2025 COVID booster, now is your cue. Everyone over the age of 6 months qualifies in the U.S., and getting vaccinated prior to winter highs can offer timely protection.

Stick to Proven Prevention Measures

Expert advise sticking with regular COVID precautions:

• Stay away from close contact with people who have symptoms
• Wear a mask in crowded, indoor spaces
• Wash your hands often
• Enhance ventilation in shared areas
• Adhere to health protocols for exposure and quarantine

What if You Test XEC Positive?

If you’re diagnosed with COVID-19, antiviral treatments like Paxlovid remain a highly effective option—especially if taken within five days of symptom onset. Paxlovid is available to individuals aged 12 and older and is most effective for people at higher risk of severe disease.

The emergence of the XEC variant is a reminder that while we’ve come a long way since 2020, COVID-19 is far from over. With its high transmissibility and rapid rise in dominance, XEC warrants close monitoring—but not fear.

Current information does not indicate a rise in severity, and new vaccines are still an effective means of preventing hospitalization and severe illness. As respiratory virus season rages on, being up to date, vaccinated, and vigilant can help protect you as well as those around you.

As summer temperatures continue to rise, a quiet terror is making life more miserable by the day for millions- hay fever. Affecting one in four adults and one in ten children in England alone, but this common allergic reaction has reached new heights in 2025, prompting health authorities up and down the UK to sound alarm. With the Met Office forecasting perilously high pollen levels in a number of areas, including London, the North West, and the West Midlands, victims are preparing for a bad season of sneezing, itching eyes, and clogged sinuses.

Hay fever, or allergic rhinitis, is the overreaction of the immune system to pollen—a powdery dust emitted by trees, grasses, and weeds. Although the condition is most often caused by pollen in warmer weather, other allergens such as dust mites, mold spores, and animal dander can trigger symptoms. The result is a mix of misery: runny noses, sore throats, watery eyes, headaches, and even fatigue.

There are more than 30 varieties of pollen that can trigger hay fever, and many people are allergic to more than one. Tree pollen usually hits first (late March to mid-May), with grass pollen (mid-May to July) and then weed pollen (late June to September) in last order.

Why 2025 Is a Record Year for Hay Fever?

The Met Office says that 2025 has enjoyed an "exceptionally high" level of tree pollen, worsened by last year's good weather and sustained warmer conditions this year. The pollen is highest in early evening on sun-kissed days and also strengthened by windy weather, which disperses the pollen, with rain temporarily keeping it down. This renders more people with more intense symptoms, particularly in urban areas where pollutants can synergistically enhance allergic responses.

3 Everyday Triggers Making Hay Fever Worse

1. Outdoor Activities During Peak Pollen Periods

One of the most common culprits? Being outside during the peak pollen periods. Pollen levels usually are the greatest in the early evening, especially on dry, sunny days. Even short exposure can make sensitive people develop symptoms. Specialists advise planning outdoor activities for early morning or after a rain shower when pollen is reduced.

2. Bringing Pollen Indoors

You may think you’re safe inside, but pollen easily travels on clothes, shoes, pets, and even laundry. Drying clothes outside, allowing pets on furniture, or leaving windows open all invite pollen into your living space. To reduce exposure, NHS England advises showering and changing clothes after being outside, keeping windows closed, vacuuming regularly, and using HEPA filters in air conditioning systems and vacuums.

3. Using Unregulated Medications

In a last-ditch attempt at relief, some hay fever patients seek out unlicensed or black-market medication such as Kenalog injections, which are more commonly purchased online. Health authorities warn this strongly against. Kenalog is a prescription-only steroid with severe side effects such as high blood pressure, severe stomach pain, and mood swings. Opt instead for medically approved antihistamines, nasal sprays of corticosteroids, and seek advice from a pharmacist or GP for safe treatment.

Keeping Day-to-Day Symptoms Under Control

NHS England provides a variety of practical tips to cope with the symptoms. Protective actions such as applying petroleum jelly around the nostrils, wearing wraparound sunglasses, and staying away from grassy fields may substantially limit exposure. Although there is no cure for hay fever, regular use of antihistamines and nasal sprays can effectively control symptoms for most.

Steer clear of known irritants like smoking, newly cut grass, and indoor flowers. Preparing the home with air purifiers and allergy-proof bedding can also bring extra relief.

Will Hay Fever Symptoms Continue to Worsen?

Sadly, yes. Global warming is a significant cause for prolonged pollen seasons and enhanced allergen potency. Warmth results in earlier flowering and extended growing seasons, which subsequently result in longer exposure to pollen. Scientists indicate that if environmental trends in recent years continue, hay fever will become even more prevalent and worse in the future.

This year's record-high pollen levels are a blunt reminder that hay fever is no mere seasonal nuisance but a significant medical issue for millions of people. Knowing what aggravates symptoms—and how to evade or treat the culprits—can make an enormous difference. As summer wears on, staying up to speed and taking preventative measures can have you breathing more easily.

If your symptoms are severe or persistent, it’s crucial to seek professional medical advice rather than self-medicating. A tailored treatment plan could drastically improve your quality of life during allergy season. Hay fever might be worse than ever this year, but with the right precautions, it doesn’t have to ruin your summer.